scholarly journals Effects of Brown Sugar Water Binder Added by Spraying Method as Solid Bridge on the Physical Characteristics of Biomass Pellets

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kexin Zhang ◽  
Shuangyan Song ◽  
Zhongjia Chen ◽  
Jianbo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Sugar Water ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Spraying Method

The binder can improve the physical characteristics of biomass pellets by forming solid bridges and increasing the adhesion of biomass materials. Taking pine sawdust as raw material and brown sugar water with different concentration as a binder, this study adopted spraying and stirring methods, respectively, and mixed brown sugar water with biomass in diverse proportions. The characteristic of pellets such as durability, relaxation ratio and compressive strength were studied by orthogonal design. Through range analysis, BP (Back Propagation) neural network factor significance analysis and mapping the relationship between physical properties and factors according to the importance of each factor, the effect of densification variables on the physical characteristics of biomass pellets was studied, and the outcome of adding brown sugar water binder to raw material by spraying method in improving the densification quality of biomass was explored. Results showed the brown sugar water binder added to pine sawdust by spraying method could mix the binder and biomass raw material more evenly compared with the stirring method. The relaxation ratio of pellets obtained by spraying method was reduced by 13.47%. The optimal densification conditions of pine sawdust were when the compaction pressure was 100 MPa, the mass ratio of brown sugar to water was 2:1, the proportion of brown sugar water to biomass material was 3%, and the adding method was spraying.

scholarly journals A Method of Adding Binder by High-Pressure Spraying to Improve the Biomass Densification

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2374
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Ju ◽  
Kexin Zhang ◽  
Zhongjia Chen ◽  
Jianbo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Sugar Water ◽  
Biomass Densification ◽  
Effect Curve ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spraying Method

In order to cut down the usage amount of binder, mix it more evenly with the biomass raw materials and improve the quality of pellets in the densification process, this study explored the feasibility of promoting the densification of biomass by using a high-pressure spraying method to add liquid binder. In the study, a high-pressure sprayer was used to spray saturated brown sugar water into sawdust for densification tests. A three-factor orthogonal experiment was designed to analyze the physical characteristics of the pellets under different variables. Through analysis of range and multiple linear regression, the effect curve was drawn to analyze the impact of the high-pressure spraying method on densification. The results showed that under low compaction pressure of 14.9 MPa, the raw materials with adding 6% saturated brown sugar water can be densified into pellets, while the raw materials without binder cannot. Moreover, compared with the method of adding binder by stirring, the high-pressure spraying method obtained the pellets with fewer cracks on the surface and increased the relaxation density of pellets by 8.65%. Under high compaction pressure (75, 100, 124 and 149 MPa), the high-pressure spraying method has a significant effect on increasing the relaxation density, not only on the compressive strength.

Gula cair dan gula recengan berbahan dasar gula merah tebu

DEDIKASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yasser ◽  
A.M. Iqbal Akbar Asfar ◽  
Marlia Rianti ◽  
A.M. Irfan Taufan Asfar ◽  
Eko Budianto
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Business Group ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Community Partnership ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Partnership Program

This Community Service is a Community Partnership Program that was carried out by to partners of the Brown Sugar Cane Business Group in Latellang Village, Patimpeng District. The processing of sugar cane so far has been very simple, and some of the sugar cane businesses were out of business due to the consumption and need for brown sugar cane by the community, especially the Latellang and other villages, who are reluctant to consume brown sugar cane. This reluctance is caused by the aroma of brown sugar cane. Therefore, diversification of brown sugar cane products was carried out by processing brown sugar cane into Liquid sugar and Recengan sugar. The results of the PKM program were able to provide partners with increased knowledge of processing brown sugar cane into a diversified product that has high economic value and reduced the price of brown sugar cane from Rp. 10,000 per kilogram into products with 250 grams of brown sugar cane as raw material. 2-3 bottles of Liquid Sugar (250 ml plastic packaging) with a price of Rp.10,000 per bottle and produce 15 pieces of Recengan Sugar. Especially for Recengan sugar packaging, it is packaged in pouch containing 8 Recengan sugar ata a price of Rp.10,000. The impact will be revive the production of cane brown sugar to the Cane Brown Sugar Business Group partners, especially in Latellang Village.

Pembuatan Gula Semut dari Gula Merah Kelapa di Kabupaten Bulukumba

DEDIKASI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Eka Pratiwi ◽  
Army Auliah ◽  
Maryono Maryono
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Palm Sugar

Herlang Subdistrict is the largest producer of coconut juice (along with Selayar Regency and JenepontoRegency) which is the raw material for coconut sugar production in South Sulawesi. Tugondeng Village is one ofthe villages in Herlang District. About 80% of Tugondeng villagers work in the coconut sugar manufacturingindustry. However, this potential has not well developed due to the low economic value of brown sugar. To increasethe selling price of coconut sugar produced by Tugondeng Village, efforts need to be made to process coconut sapand coconut sugar into products which have higher selling price, namely palm sugar. The steps taken to achieve theobjectives of this activity were : (a) presentation of material on how to process coconut sap and coconut sugar intopalm sugar; and (b) demonstration of preparing palm sugar from coconut sap and coconut sugar. The resultsobtained show that the process of making palm sugar from coconut sap and coconut sugar is quite simple and thepalm sugar produced has longer shelf-life than coconut sugar

Use of Ceramic Waste for the Manufacture of Sintered Parts

2020 ◽  
Vol 1012 ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Vanessa Moura de Souza ◽  
Vinícius Martins ◽  
Rejane Maria Candiota Tubino
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Powder Technology ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Quality Process

This paper evaluated the use of the pitcher, a ceramic waste obtained through the quality process of a sanitary ware industry, in the development of a material for usage in the manufacture of sintered parts. The pitcher was obtained through powder technology and is composed, according to the chemical analysis obtained by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, of clayey minerals (clay and kaolin), quartz, and feldspar, which may include ceramic rocks such as granite, pegmatite and phyllite; that is, it has proved to be a potential raw material due to the minerals that can still be reused. The pitcher passed through a granulometry-based selection process, sieving about 20kg using the following sieve sequence: 18 MESH, 25 MESH, 30 MESH, 120 MESH and 400 MESH; with around 70% of the residue being retained in the sieves of 120 and 400 MESH, which were selected to be used in the evaluation. The samples were compacted in a manual press with different pressures, between 300 and 1000 kgf, and after were sintered at a temperature of 1100oC in a resistive furnace. To characterize the material, the apparent and green density, as well as the compressibility curve, were determined to identify the best compression pressure. The microstructure of the test specimen and the pitcher homogeneity were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Both particle sizes presented the typical compressibility curve, in which the density increases with increasing compaction pressure, while the curve slope decreases with increasing pressure. The density increase with the increasing compaction pressure indicates a good densification for the temperatures, independent of the sample granulometry. The sintering porosity decreased proportionally to the particle size in the sintered samples. The analysis showed that the particle size of 400 MESH sintered at 1100oC obtained more porous surfaces, thus indicating a promising future for the manufacture of parts using powder technology, especially for the development of filters.

TECHNOLOGY OF PLANT RAW MATERIALS MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSING WITH PLEUROTUS STRAINS FOR FEED PRODUCTS PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
Veronika Valentinovna Tarnopol’skaya ◽  
Tat'yana Vasil'yevna Ryazanova ◽  
Natal'ya Yur'yevna Demidenko ◽  
Oksana Nikolayevna Eryomenko
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Seed Stock ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pure Cultures

A technology for pilot production of feed products via microbiological conversion of plant raw materials (mixed substrate of pine sawdust and vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke) by Plerotus ostreatus PO-4.1 and Pleurotus djamor PD-3.2 strains is developed. The technology includes hydrodynamic activation of substrate at the seed stock production stage. The overall technology includes three key stages: submerged fermentation of pure cultures of production strains; submerged-solid phase fermentation of hydrodynamicly activated plant raw materials for seed stock production; solid-state fermentation of mechanically ground plant substrate for feed products production. A successful approbation of submerged-solid state fermentation of production strains on media containing 3% of hydrodynamicly activated raw materials allowed for obtaining seed stock with 14.5 g/l yield of submerged mycelium biomass fully adopted for this type of substrate. Further use of this seed stock biomass at the solid state fermentation stage makes the overall process duration three times shorter compared to existing technologies for direct wood waste bioconversion. The pilot plant results show valuable practicability of plant raw material hydrodynamic activation with the purpose of enhancing its bioaccessibility with consequent increase in degree of microbiological conversion. The product of bioconversion contains 14–16% of protein, biofiber, vitamins and minerals and could be considered for successful use as feed by agricultural enterprises.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis of Influencing Factors of Building Slope Stability Based on Orthogonal Design and Finite Element Calculation

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 03076
Author(s):  
RUAN Jin-kui ◽  
ZHU Wei-wei
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Orthogonal Test Design ◽  
The Stability

In order to study the sensitivity of factors affecting the homogeneous building slope stability, the orthogonal test design method and shear strength reduction finite element method were used. The stability safety factor of the slope was used as the analysis index, and the range analysis of results of 18 cases were carried out. The results show that the order of sensitivity of slope stability factors is: internal friction angle, slope height, cohesion, slope angle, bulk density, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio. The analysis results have reference significance for the design and construction of building slope projects.

scholarly journals Physical characteristics of potato flour from 'Ibituaçú' cv. under different extrusion parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2245-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raema Fortes Vicente Cardoso ◽  
Émerson Loli Garcia ◽  
Ezequiel Lopes do Carmo ◽  
Martha Maria Mischan ◽  
Magali Leonel
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Potato Flour ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Independent Parameters ◽  
Central Composite

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate potato flour from 'Ibituaçú' cultivar as raw material for extrudates. Potato flour was processed in a single-screw extruder following central composite rotational design for three factors, being considered as independent parameters: temperature in the third zone, humidity and screw speed. The products obtained were characterized by expansion index (EI), specific volume (SV), water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI), hardness (H), color (L*, a* and b*). Results showed an effect of the independent parameters on the extruded physical characteristics. The parameters varied from: 3.22 to 5.47 (EI); 2.08 to 11.23 mL g-1 (SV), 32.88 to 63.72% (WSI), 4.02 to 8.97 g gel g-1 (WAI), 7.54 to 29.85 kgf (H), 53.89 to 68.72 (L*), 5.59 to 6.92 (a*), 16.6 to 22.6 (b*). It was concluded that expanded products with desired physical characteristics are obtained at high temperature; low humidity and intermediate screw speed.

scholarly journals Impact of different factors on the yield and properties of fractions enriched in dietary fiber isolated from peach (Prunus persica L.) residues

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Sette ◽  
Jhon Edinson Nieto Calvache ◽  
Marcelo Soria ◽  
Marina de Escalada Pla ◽  
Lía N. Gerschenson
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Ethanol Treatment ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Sample Ratio

AbstractThe industrialization of peaches gives origin to leftover remaining from fruit canning, juice or jam production. The transformation of leftover to dietary fiber (DF) concentrates represents a strategy that can be incorporated in productive processes tending to optimize raw material use. In the present research, DF was obtained from peach (Prunus persica L.) using an ethanol treatment followed by dehydration. The influence of four factors: time and temperature of ethanol treatment prior to drying step, ratio of ethanol to sample and drying temperature using microwave or convective drying on different properties (yield, hydration properties, oil holding capacity and apparent density) of the concentrate obtained, were studied through a two level orthogonal design. Yield ranged between 4.38-7.27 g/100g for all the conditions explored. Time and temperature of the ethanol extraction affected properties when a subsequent convective drying was employed. The effect of the ethanol/sample ratio and of the temperature of drying on oil holding capacity and hydration properties was mainly detected on samples dried by microwave technique. The results obtained provide insight into the effect of processing of plant residues on the properties of DF concentrates obtained and on their potential performance as ingredients or additives for the food industry. It could be concluded that the drying technique is a key factor in relation to the properties of dietary fiber enriched fractions isolated from peach. Microwave drying allowed to produce fractions with functional properties that can be modulated through the use of different relations of ethanol to sample ratio and drying temperatures.

THE BIODIESEL PROCESSING FROM OIL OF YELLOWFIN TUNA [Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)] OFFAL USING ACID CATALYST

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (4-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Latif Sahubawa ◽  
Juju Junengsih ◽  
Ustadi Ustadi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Yellowfin Tuna ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
H2so4 Concentration

Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels to meet the need of the diesel fuel in Indonesia. One of potential animal oil/fat to be utilized as biodiesel raw material is offal from yellowfin tuna. The objective of the study is to know the free fatty acid (FFA) levels of raw material, influence of the H2SO4 concentration as catalyst on biodiesel conversion, composition of the main Fatty acid compounds from biodiesel, and physical characteristics of biodiesel through esterification and transesterification reaction. In transesterification phase, the variabel is H2SO4 concentration 1.25 %, 1.50% and 1.75 % at 60 °C and 65 °C with oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:9. Based on experiment results, the know  that: FFA content from oli of yellowfin tuna offal amounted to 2.33 %, the largest conversion of methyl ester from spectra of H-NMR, FT-IR, GC-MS and ASTM was produced from the treatment with 1.50 % H2SO4 at 65 °C, with an average yield of 89.09 % and the conversion value of methyl ester was 52.63 %. The main compounds of Fatty acids that formed biodiesel were palmatic acid (43.64 %) and oleic acid (32.08 %). The physical characteristics of biodiesel according to the national standards of Indonesia (NSI) were specific density of 0.8637 60/60 °F g mL–1kinematic viscosity of 2.555 mm2 s–1, pour point is -3 °C and cloud point of 25 °C, while flash point of 25 °C and water content of 0.20 % was not consistent with the SNI. 

scholarly journals Extraction, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity in vitro of Proteins from Semen Allii Fistulosi

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3235
Author(s):  
Min Zuo ◽  
Xiao-xiao Liu ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Hang-yun Zhao ◽  
Lu-lu Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Sds Page

Semen Allii Fistulosi (PSAF) is the seed of Allium fistulosum L. of the Liliaceae family. The purpose of this study was to extract, characterize, and evaluate the antioxidant activity in vitro of proteins. Using single factor and orthogonal design, the optimum conditions of extraction were determined to be as follows: extraction time 150 min, pH 8.5, temperature 60 °C, and ratio (v/w, mL/g) of extraction solvent to raw material 35. The isoelectric point of the pH was determined to be about 4.4 and 10.2, by measuring the protein content of PSAF solutions at different pH values. The amino acid composition of PSAF was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the results suggested that the species of amino acids contained in the PSAF was complete. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) analysis showed the molecular weight was mainly between 40 and 55 kDa, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterized prevalent protein absorption peaks. PSAF exhibited potent scavenging activities against DPPH assays, via targeting of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, while chelating Fe2+ activity and demonstrating weak reducing power. This work revealed that PSAF possessed potential antioxidant activity in vitro, suggesting potential for use of PSAF as a natural antioxidant.

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