scholarly journals Changes in the Crystallinity Degree of Starch Having Different Types of Crystal Structure after Mechanical Pretreatment

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Dome ◽  
Ekaterina Podgorbunskikh ◽  
Aleksey Bychkov ◽  
Oleg Lomovsky
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
Tapioca Starch ◽  
Different Types

This paper examines the effect of mechanical activation on the amorphization of starch having different types of crystalline structure (A-type corn starch; B-type potato starch; and C-type tapioca starch). Structural properties of the starches were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. Mechanical activation in a planetary ball mill reduces the degree of crystallinity in proportion to pretreatment duration. C-type tapioca starch was found to have the highest degree of crystallinity. Energy consumed to achieve complete amorphization of the starches having different types of crystalline structure was measured. The kinetic parameters of the process (the effective rate constants) were determined. The rate constant and the strongest decline in the crystallinity degree after mechanical activation change in the following series: C-type starch, A-type starch, and B-type starch.

scholarly journals Photochemical Reactions in Dialdehyde Starch

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Ziegler-Borowska ◽  
Katarzyna Wegrzynowska-Drzymalska ◽  
Dorota Chelminiak-Dudkiewicz ◽  
Jolanta Kowalonek ◽  
Halina Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dialdehyde Starch ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aldehyde Groups

In this study potato and corn starch were subjected to oxidation, using sodium periodate, to obtain dialdehyde starch (DAS) containing different amount of aldehyde groups. The obtained modified starch samples have been characterized with chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Then, the samples were exposed to polychromatic UV radiation and the course of photochemical reaction has been monitored with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The surface properties of the native and dialdehyde starch before and after UV-irradiation have been determined by contact angle measurements and calculation of surface free energy. The crystallinity of the samples has been estimated with X-ray diffraction (XRD). It has been proved that the dialdehyded corn starch contained a higher amount of functional groups was more photostable than the oxidized potato starch. Sodium iodide(V), firmly bound to DAS macromolecules, has been found to have a significant effect on the photooxidative degradation of the tested systems. In addition, the mechanism of photoinduced reactions in the dialdehyde starch has been proposed.

Physicochemical Properties of Porous Starches from Different Botanical Origin

2010 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 363-370
Author(s):  
Hua Xi Xiao ◽  
Qin Lu Lin ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Wei Tian ◽  
Wei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Potato Starch ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potato Starches ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

Rice, maize and potato starches were hydrolyzed by amylase to obtain porous starches as final product. The adsorptive capacity, desorbed rates, degree of crystallinity and retrogradation properties of native and porous starches were investigated. The results showed that porous starches had the stronger adsorptive capacity and slower desorbed rate compared with native starches. In the three starch materials, the adsorptive capacity of rice starch for liquids was the strongest; the adsorptive capacity of potato starch for liquids was the weakest. the more flavors adsorbed, the more flavors desorbed. X-ray diffraction showed that Enzyme hydrolysis did not result in any significant changes in the degree of crystallinity of starch. The porous starches exhibited lower tendency of retrogradation as assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Effect of Alkali Treatment on Crystalline Structure of Cellulose Fiber from Mendong (Fimbristylis globulosa) Straw

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 720-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Suryanto ◽  
Eko Marsyahyo ◽  
Yudy Surya Irawan ◽  
Rudy Soenoko
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Treatment Concentration

The research aim is to investigate the effect of alkali treatment on the crystalline structure of Mendong fiber. The experiment was conducted by immerse fibers in 100 ml NaOH solution by a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% for 2 hours at the room temperature. The specimens were characterized by X-ray diffraction method. The morphology of fiber treated by alkali was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope. The result shows that the crystalline structure of cellulose in Mendong fiber was changed in alkali treatment. It was found that both the degree of crystallinity and crystalline index of Mendong fiber was increased until alkali treatment concentration of 7.5%.

The Effect of Compression Force on Alteration of Desloratadine and its Multicomponent Crystal Crystallinities Using X-Ray Diffraction and ATR-FTIR Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ainurofiq ◽  
Rachmat Mauludin ◽  
Diky Mudhakir ◽  
Arif Budi Setianto ◽  
Sundani Nurono Soewandhi
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peak Broadening ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Better Than

This work studied the effect of compression force on the desloratadine (DES) and its multi-component crystal (MCC) formulation and focused on the molecular crystal behavior of DES and MCC after compression. Crystallinity behavior of drugs in a mechanical process is to be interesting manner. In this research, DES and MCC were compressed using hydraulic presser equipped with 13 mm flat-face punch under different compression pressures in a range of 25 – 350 MPa. The solid state of DES and its MCC was evaluated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Single XRD was carried out to confirm the molecular structure of crystal lattice. Powder XRD diffractogram under different compression forces was compared to the crystallinity degree, crystallite size and peak broadening. Those parameters were processed using Origin software. Crystallinity degree was calculated using Ruland’s methods, meanwhile, the crystallinity size was calculated using Scherrer’s equation after corrected to the broadening (full width at half maximum; FWHM) and diffraction baseline. As increasing the compression force, degree and size of crystallinity and FWHM were altered. In addition, the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of DES and MCC decreased, while the FWHM increased. Furthermore, alteration of PXRD in DES was higher than that of MCC which had no alteration as increase as the compression force. FTIR result showed that neither DES nor MCC had no significant alteration after compression. However, the tabletability of MCC was better than DES owing to the potential slip plane of MCC.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Different Types of Plastics Wastes Using X-Ray Diffraction and X-Ray Fluorescence Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Shawbo A. Abubaker ◽  
Faten A. Chaqmaqchee ◽  
Akram H. Taha
Keyword(s):  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Commercial Polymers ◽  
Identification And Characterization

In this study, different types of polymers in postconsumer plastics with pure plastics have been studied. Highdensity polyethylene (HDPE1 and HDPE2), polyvinyl chloride (PVC3 and PVC4), polyethylene terephthalate (PET5 and PET6), and polypropylenes (PP7 and PP8) were compared using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. XRF has shown the spectral in K-lines of polymer materials present in plastics waste. The peak intensity and degree of crystallinity of commercial polymers are varied using XRD analysis. The intensity not attributable to the crystalline peaks may be regarded as the amorphous scattering and used as a template in analyzing the diffraction pattern of the samples. The XRD analysis helps to provide characteristic spectral lines whose intensities vary with the type of each constituent polymer. The combined usage of XRD and XRF techniques yielded very useful and effective results for a commercial plastic management.

FORMULASI PATCH KOSMETIK LENDIR BEKICOT (Achatina fulica) DENGAN POLIMER KITOSAN DAN BERBAGAI VARIASI AMILUM

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Michrun Nisa ◽  
Andi Nuraisyah ◽  
Nurul Arfiyanti Yusuf ◽  
Nurul Alifah K
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Tapioca Starch ◽  
Color Uniformity ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Standard Parameter ◽  
Evaporation Technique

The research on cosmetic patch formulation containing snail slime with a variety starch was aimed to determine the type of starch that could produce a patch preparation with a good physical characteristic had been conducted. Cosmetic patch formulation of snail slime was using combination of chitosan and starch polymers such as corn, potato and tapioca starch. The method was used the solvent evaporation technique. The evaluation of patches include weight uniformity, folding endurance, thickness, moisture content, moisture uptake and stability of the patch. The combination of chitosan and starch polymers produced patches that had pH 5 with color uniformity, smoothness of surface and easily removed from the mold. The results showed that patches containing tapioca starch gave weight uniformity that did not much different on each replication that was 0,568 ± 0,03. Patches containing corn starch provided thickness values on each replication did not much different from 0,16± 0,01. Patches containing potato and tapioca starch produced patches that was accordance with the standard parameter of folding endurance was more than 200 times. Patches containing corn and tapioca starch producing patches accordance with the standard parameter of moisture content were less than 10 %. Patches containing potato starch gave patch a high moisture uptake that was 8,2%. The combination of chitosan and tapioca strach as polymers produced patch preparation with a good characteristic on the formulation of snail slime cosmetic patch.

scholarly journals Polyurethane Composite Foams Synthesized Using Bio-Polyols and Cellulose Filler

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3474
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Uram ◽  
Milena Leszczyńska ◽  
Aleksander Prociak ◽  
Anna Czajka ◽  
Michał Gloc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
Composite Foams ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Rigid polyurethane foams were obtained using two types of renewable raw materials: bio-polyols and a cellulose filler (ARBOCEL® P 4000 X, JRS Rettenmaier, Rosenberg, Germany). A polyurethane system containing 40 wt.% of rapeseed oil-based polyols was modified with the cellulose filler in amounts of 1, 2, and 3 php (per hundred polyols). The cellulose was incorporated into the polyol premix as filler dispersion in a petrochemical polyol made using calenders. The cellulose filler was examined in terms of the degree of crystallinity using the powder X-ray diffraction PXRD -and the presence of bonds by means of the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR. It was found that the addition of the cellulose filler increased the number of cells in the foams in both cross-sections—parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the foam growth—while reducing the sizes of those cells. Additionally, the foams had closed cell contents of more than 90% and initial thermal conductivity coefficients of 24.8 mW/m∙K. The insulation materials were dimensionally stable, especially at temperatures close to 0 °C, which qualifies them for use as insulation at low temperatures.

Study of the multiplet nature in shpol'skii effect: Host n-heptane crystalline structure by X-ray diffraction and guest coronene position by ESR

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Merle ◽  
M. Lamotte ◽  
S. Risemberg ◽  
C. Hauw ◽  
J. Gaultier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Chemical and Structural Characterization of Maize Stover Fractions in Aspect of Its Possible Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Magdalena Woźniak ◽  
Izabela Ratajczak ◽  
Dawid Wojcieszak ◽  
Agnieszka Waśkiewicz ◽  
Kinga Szentner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Maize Stover

In the last decade, an increasingly common method of maize stover management is to use it for energy generation, including anaerobic digestion for biogas production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a chemical and structural characterization of maize stover fractions and, based on these parameters, to evaluate the potential application of these fractions, including forbiogas production. In the study, maize stover fractions, including cobs, husks, leaves and stalks, were used. The biomass samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction and analysis of elemental composition. Among all maize stover fractions, stalks showed the highest C:N ratio, degree of crystallinity and cellulose and lignin contents. The high crystallinity index of stalks (38%) is associated with their high cellulose content (44.87%). FTIR analysis showed that the spectrum of maize stalks is characterized by the highest intensity of bands at 1512 cm−1 and 1384 cm−1, which are the characteristic bands of lignin and cellulose. Obtained results indicate that the maize stover fraction has an influence on the chemical and structural parameters. Moreover, presented results indicate that stalks are characterized by the most favorable chemical parameters for biogas production.

scholarly journals Modern Biodegradable Plastics—Processing and Properties Part II

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2523
Author(s):  
Janusz W. Sikora ◽  
Łukasz Majewski ◽  
Andrzej Puszka
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Film Blowing

Four different plastics were tested: potato starch based plastic (TPS-P)–BIOPLAST GF 106/02; corn starch based plastic (TPS-C)–BioComp BF 01HP; polylactic acid (polylactide) plastic (PLA)—BioComp BF 7210 and low density polyethylene, trade name Malen E FABS 23-D022; as a petrochemical reference sample. Using the blown film extrusion method and various screw rotational speeds, films were obtained and tested, as a result of which the following were determined: breaking stress, strain at break, static and dynamic friction coefficient of film in longitudinal and transverse direction, puncture resistance and strain at break, color, brightness and gloss of film, surface roughness, barrier properties and microstructure. The biodegradable plastics tested are characterized by comparable or even better mechanical strength than petrochemical polyethylene for the range of film blowing processing parameters used here. The effect of the screw rotational speed on the mechanical characteristics of the films obtained was also demonstrated. With the increase in the screw rotational speed, the decrease of barrier properties was also observed. No correlation between roughness and permeability of gases and water vapor was shown. It was indicated that biodegradable plastics might be competitive for conventional petrochemical materials used in film blowing niche applications where cost, recyclability, optical and water vapor barrier properties are not critical.

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