scholarly journals Fracture Toughness Analysis of Epoxy-Recycled Rubber-Based Composite Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Structural Applications in Automotive and Aeronautics

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaeddin Burak Irez ◽  
Emin Bayraktar ◽  
Ibrahim Miskioglu
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Toughening Mechanisms ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Recycled Rubber ◽  
Cost Efficient

This study proposes a new design of lightweight and cost-efficient composite materials for the aeronautic industry utilizing recycled fresh scrap rubber, epoxy resin, and graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs). After manufacturing the composites, their bending strength and fracture characteristics were investigated by three-point bending (3PB) tests. Halpin–Tsai homogenization adapted to composites containing GnPs was used to estimate the moduli of the composites, and satisfactory agreement with the 3PB test results was observed. In addition, 3PB tests were simulated by finite element method incorporating the Halpin–Tsai homogenization, and the resulting stress–strain curves were compared with the experimental results. Mechanical test results showed that the reinforcement with GnPs generally increased the modulus of elasticity as well as the fracture toughness of these novel composites. Toughening mechanisms were evaluated by SEM fractography. The typical toughening mechanisms observed were crack deflection and cavity formation. Considering the advantageous effects of GnPs on these novel composites and cost efficiency gained by the use of recycled rubber, these composites have the potential to be used to manufacture various components in the automotive and aeronautic industries as well as smart building materials in civil engineering applications.

Influence of Specimen Type, Crack Length and Evaluation Method on Quasi-Static and Dynamic Fracture Toughness Properties

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad Zurbuchen
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Crack Length ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Compact Tension ◽  
Dynamic Fracture Toughness ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
Specimen Type ◽  
Surveillance Specimens

This paper provides a comparison of the influence of specimen type (single edge bend (SE(B)) specimen vs. compact tension C(T) specimen), specimen dimensions (crack length ratio a/W, thickness B) and the effect of the loading rate on fracture toughness properties. In the lower ductile-brittle transition region the quasi-static Master Curve (MC) reference temperature T0 is evaluated according to ASTM E 1921-08ae1 and the dynamic MC T0 according to the Swiss guideline HSK-AN-425, which is compared with a modified ASTM E 1921-08ae1 approach. The ductile behaviour was evaluated by quasi-static JR curve testing in which the applicability of several evaluation standards are compared (ASTM E 1820-08, ISO 12135, ESIS-P2). Quasi-static and dynamic MC temperatures T0 deviate by up to 68 K. SE(B) specimens with shorter crack lengths (a/W = 0.3) than prescribed by ASTM E 1921 yield the same T0 as specimens with a/W = 0.5. Thus, such short crack surveillance specimens are also suitable for fracture mechanical assessments. SE(B) specimens of B = 0.4T (1T = 1 inch) up to 3.2T show comparable T0, proving the transferability of fracture mechanical test results of small surveillance specimens to heavy-walled RPV structures.

scholarly journals Optimization of Sulfur Soaking Water on Mechanical Properties and Physical Properties of Woven Petung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper Backer ex Heyne) Strips

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 00031
Author(s):  
Rahab Martini Bako ◽  
Farid Sariman ◽  
Christian Wely Wullur ◽  
Klemens Alrin Rahangmetan ◽  
Cipto Cipto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dendrocalamus Asper ◽  
Fracture Shape ◽  
Strength And Durability

There are about 60 species of bamboo belonging to family gramineae found in Indonesia, which is one of them is Petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper). Bamboo has the potential to produce environmentally friendly engineering materials. The strength and durability of the material can be increased through the immersion process using chemical or natural solutions, such as sulphur water because it is known to contain carbon elements high enough to support strength increase. The research was started by making thick bamboo slats 1 mm thick, 250 mm long, 10 mm wide, and then woven in plain shapes of 250 mm × 250 mm, then dried at 110 °C for 60 min then immersed in sulfur water. For tensile test using the ASTM D638-02 standart, ASTM D790-02 bending test, ASTM D5942-96 impact test. The test results show the tensile strength increased 89.17 %, bending strength increased 59.90 % and impact strength increased 1.59 %. The highest value of the mechanical test results occurred in sample 1 AB3, while the lowest mechanical test value occurred in 1 TP sample. The microstructure of the 1 TP sample shows a pointed and smooth fracture shape while the sample 1 AB3 has an increasingly blunt fracture shape with fine threads.

scholarly journals Toughening Mechanism Analysis of Recycled Rubber-Based Composites Reinforced with Glass Bubbles, Glass Fibers and Alumina Fibers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4215
Author(s):  
Gamze Cakir Kabakci ◽  
Ozgur Aslan ◽  
Emin Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Critical Energy ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Fibers ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Critical Energy Release Rate ◽  
Recycled Rubber

Recycling of materials attracts considerable attention around the world due to environmental and economic concerns. Recycled rubber is one of the most commonly used recyclable materials in a number of industries, including automotive and aeronautic because of their low weight and cost efficiency. In this research, devulcanized recycled rubber-based composites are designed with glass bubble microsphere, short glass fiber, aluminum chip and fine gamma alumina fiber (γ-Al2O3) reinforcements. After the determination of the reinforcements with matrix, bending strength and fracture characteristics of the composite are investigated by three-point bending (3PB) tests. Halpin–Tsai homogenization model is adapted to the rubber-based composites to estimate the moduli of the composites. Furthermore, the relevant toughening mechanisms for the most suitable reinforcements are analyzed and stress intensity factor, KIc and critical energy release rate, GIc in mode I are determined by 3PB test with single edge notch specimens. In addition, 3PB tests are simulated by finite element analysis and the results are compared with the experimental results. Microstructural and fracture surfaces analysis are carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical test results show that the reinforcement with glass bubbles, aluminum oxide ceramic fibers and aluminum chips generally increase the fracture toughness of the composites.

FERRIUM M54

Alloy Digest ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Resistance To Stress

Abstract Ferrium M54 was designed to create a cost-effective, ultra high-strength, high-fracture toughness material with a high resistance to stress-corrosion cracking for use in structural applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties as well asfatigue. Filing Code: SA-822. Producer or source: QuesTek Innovations, LLC.

LESCALLOY 410Cb

Alloy Digest ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Structural Applications

Abstract Lescalloy 410Cb is a modification of AISI Type 410 changed by the addition of niobium (columbium). This change provides for an increase in strength for structural applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-808. Producer or source: Latrobe Steel Company.

scholarly journals Performance Study of Grass-Derived Nano-Cellulose and Polycaprolactone Composites for 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Chen Feng ◽  
Jiping Zhou ◽  
Xiaodong Xu ◽  
Yani Jiang ◽  
Hongcan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Nano Cellulose ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In recent years, 3D printing has received increasing attention from researchers. This technology overcomes the limitations of traditional technologies by printing precise and personalized scaffold with arbitrary shapes, pore structures, and porosities for the applications in various tissues. The cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is extracted from Humulus Japonicus (HJS) and mixed with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) to prepare a series of CNC/PCL composites for printing. Based on the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the series of the CNC/PCL composites, an optimal mass ratio of CNC to PCL was obtained. The Solidworks was used to simulate the stretching and compression process of the scaffolds with three different patterns under an external force. The flow of nutrient solution in the scaffolds with different patterns was simulated by ANSYS FLUENT, and then a new optimization scaffold pattern with a concave hexagon shape was advised based on the simulation results. Collectively, the mechanical test results of the material and scaffold confirmed that the optimal filling amount of the CNC was 5%, and the scaffold pattern with concave hexagon shape exhibited better mechanical properties and suitable for the transport of cells and nutrients, which is expected to be more widely used in 3D printing.

scholarly journals Testing and Assessing Method for the Resistance of Wood-Plastic Composites to the Action of Destroying Fungi

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Anna Wiejak ◽  
Barbara Francke
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Proposed Modification ◽  
Assessing Method ◽  
Biological Corrosion

Durability tests against fungi action for wood-plastic composites are carried out in accordance with European standard ENV 12038, but the authors of the manuscript try to prove that the assessment of the results done according to these methods is imprecise and suffers from a significant error. Fungi exposure is always accompanied by high humidity, so the result of tests made by such method is always burdened with the influence of moisture, which can lead to a wrong assessment of the negative effects of action fungus itself. The manuscript has shown a modification of such a method that separates the destructive effect of fungi from moisture accompanying the test’s destructive effect. The functional properties selected to prove the proposed modification are changes in the mass and bending strength after subsequent environmental exposure. It was found that intensive action of moisture measured in the culture chamber of about (70 ± 5)%, i.e., for 16 weeks, at (22 ± 2) °C, which was the fungi culture, which was accompanying period, led to changes in the mass of the wood-plastic composites, amounting to 50% of the final result of the fungi resistance test, and changes in the bending strength amounting to 30–46% of the final test result. As a result of the research, the correction for assessing the durability of wood-polymer composites to biological corrosion has been proposed. The laboratory tests were compared with the products’ test results following three years of exposure to the natural environment.

scholarly journals Sound-Absorbing and Thermal-Insulating Properties of Cement Composite Based on Recycled Rubber from Waste Tires

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2725
Author(s):  
Jakub Svoboda ◽  
Tomáš Dvorský ◽  
Vojtěch Václavík ◽  
Jakub Charvát ◽  
Kateřina Máčalová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Waste Tires ◽  
Natural Aggregate ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
Recycled Rubber ◽  
Insulating Properties

This article describes an experimental study aimed at investigating the potential use of recycled rubber granulate from waste tires of fractions 0/1 and 1/3 mm in cement composites as a 100% replacement for natural aggregates. The use of waste in the development and production of new building materials represents an important aspect for the sustainability and protection of the environment. This article is focused on the sound-absorbing and thermal-insulating properties of experimental cement composites based on recycled rubber from waste tires. The article describes the grain characteristics of recycled rubber, sound absorption capacity, thermal conductivity and strength characteristics. The results of this research show that the total replacement of natural aggregate with recycled rubber in cement composites is possible. Replacing natural aggregate with recycled rubber has significantly improved the thermal and acoustic properties of the prepared cement composites, however, at the same time; there was also the expected decrease in the strength characteristics due to the elasticity of rubber.

Transient liquid phase bonding of Cu and Al using metallic particles interlayers

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542098823
Author(s):  
Alireza Zaheri ◽  
Mohammadreza Farahani ◽  
Alireza Sadeghi ◽  
Naser Souri
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase Bonding ◽  
Joint Interface ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Powder Interlayer

The bonding strength, and microstructures of Cu and Al couples using metallic powders as interlayer during transient liquid phase bonding (TLP bonding) were investigated. The interfacial morphologies and microstructures were studied by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. First, to explore the optimum bonding time and temperature, nine samples were bonded without interlayers in a vacuum condition. Mechanical test results indicated that bonding at 560°C in 20 min returns the highest bond strength (84% of Al). This bonding condition was used to join ten samples with powder interlayers. Powders were prepared by mixing different combinations of Cu, Al (+Fe nanoparticles) and Zn. In the bonding zone, different Cu9Al4, CuAl, and CuAl2 intermetallic co-precipitate. The strongest bonding is formed in the sample with the 70Al (+Fe)-30Cu powder interlayer. Powder interlayers present thinner and more uniform intermetallic layers at the joint interface.

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