scholarly journals Anion Exchange Membranes Obtained from Poly(arylene ether sulfone) Block Copolymers Comprising Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Segments

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ha Kim ◽  
Mohanraj Vinothkannan ◽  
Ae Rhan Kim ◽  
Dong Jin Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The anion exchange membrane may have different physical and chemical properties, electrochemical performance and mechanical stability depending upon the monomer structure, hydrophilicity and hydrophobic repeating unit, surface form and degree of substitution of functional groups. In current work, poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) block copolymer was created and used as the main chain. After controlling the amount of NBS, the degree of bromination (DB) was changed in Br-PAES. Following that, quaternized PAES (Q-PAES) was synthesized through quaternization. Q-PAES showed a tendency of enhancing water content, expansion rate, ion exchange capacity (IEC) as the degree of substitution of functional groups increased. However, it was confirmed that tensile strength and dimensional properties of membrane reduced while swelling degree was increased. In addition, phase separation of membrane was identified by atomic force microscope (AFM) image, while ionic conductivity is greatly affected by phase separation. The Q-PAES membrane demonstrated a reasonable power output of around 64 mW/cm2 while employed as electrolyte in fuel cell operation.

scholarly journals Improved Physicochemical Stability and High Ion Transportation of Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) Blocks Containing a Fluorinated Hydrophobic Part for Anion Exchange Membrane Applications

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Chu ◽  
Kyu Lee ◽  
Ae Kim ◽  
Dong Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A series of anion exchange membranes composed of partially fluorinated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (PAESs) multiblock copolymers bearing quaternary ammonium groups were synthesized with controlled lengths of the hydrophilic precursor and hydrophobic oligomer via direct polycondensation. The chloromethylation and quaternization proceeded well by optimizing the reaction conditions to improve hydroxide conductivity and physical stability, and the fabricated membranes were very flexible and transparent. Atomic force microscope images of quaternized PAES (QN-PAES) membranes showed excellent hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase separation and distinct ion transition channels. An extended architecture of phase separation was observed by increasing the hydrophilic oligomer length, which resulted in significant improvements in the water uptake, ion exchange capacity, and hydroxide conductivity. Furthermore, the open circuit voltage (OCV) of QN-PAES X10Y23 and X10Y13 was found to be above 0.9 V, and the maximum power density of QN-PAES X10Y13 was 131.7 mW cm−2 at 60 °C under 100% RH.

scholarly journals Higher Acid Recovery Efficiency of Novel Functionalized Inorganic/Organic Composite Anion Exchange Membranes from Acidic Wastewater

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Abdallah Shanableh ◽  
Noureddine Elboughdiri ◽  
Karim Kriaa ◽  
Djamel Ghernaout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Filler Particle ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Acid Recovery ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis

In this work, the synthesis of a series of the functionalized inorganic/organic composite anion exchange membranes (AEMs) was carried out by employing the varying amount of inorganic filler consist of N-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (TMSP-TMA+Cl−) into the quaternized poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide) (QPPO) matrix for acid recovery via diffusion dialysis (DD) process. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy clearly demonstrated the fabrication of the functionalized inorganic/organic composite AEMs and the subsequent membrane characteristic measurements such as ion exchange capacity (IEC), linear swelling ratio (LSR), and water uptake (WR) gave us the optimum loading condition of the filler without undesirable filler particle aggregation. These composite AEMs exhibited IEC of 2.18 to 2.29 meq/g, LSR of 13.33 to 18.52%, and WR of 46.11 to 81.66% with sufficient thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability. The diffusion dialysis (DD) test for acid recovery from artificial acid wastewater of HCl/FeCl2 showed high acid DD coefficient (UH+) (0.022 to 0.025 m/h) and high separation factor (S) (139-260) compared with the commercial membrane. Furthermore, the developed AEMs was acceptably stable (weight loss < 20%) in the acid wastewater at 60 °C as an accelerated severe condition for 2 weeks. These results clearly indicated that the developed AEMs have sufficient potential for acid recovery application by DD process.

Synthesis and Properties of Self-Crosslinking Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Quaternary Poly(arylene Ether Sulfone)s

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 857-860
Author(s):  
Shi Chao Fang ◽  
Hongliang Zhang ◽  
Feilong Wang ◽  
Hui Ping Bi ◽  
Zhao Xia Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Conductivity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Condensation Polymerization ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Arylene Ether

A series of anion exchange membranes based on poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (PAES) have been prepared through condensation polymerization, chloromethylation and quaternization. The membrane using N, N, N’,N’-tetramethylhexyldiamine both as the quaternization and crosslinking reagent had self-crosslinking structure, and their properties have been compared with those using trimethylamie as the quaternization reagent, including ion exchange capacity, solubility, water uptake, dimensional change, hydrolytic stability and ion conductivity. The self-crosslinking membranes showed improvement in durability towards common organic solvents, dimensional stability and ion conductivity.

Facile synthesis and the properties of novel cardo poly(arylene ether sulfone)s with pendent cycloaminium side chains as anion exchange membranes

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (29) ◽  
pp. 4207-4219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feixiang Gong ◽  
Ruiqiang Wang ◽  
Xinbing Chen ◽  
Pei Chen ◽  
Zhongwei An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Arylene Ether

The structure of pendent cycloaminium side chains containing higher alkalinity of conductive groups was effective for improving the micro-phase separation of AEMs.

scholarly journals Innovative BPPO Anion Exchange Membranes Formulation Using Diffusion Dialysis-Enhanced Acid Regeneration System

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Majeda Khraisheh ◽  
Fares AlMomani
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Acid Recovery ◽  
Aqueous Waste ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis

Recycling of acid from aqueous waste streams is crucial not only from the environmental point of view but also for maturing the feasible method (diffusion dialysis). Anion exchange membrane (AEM)–based diffusion dialysis process is one of the beneficial ways to recover acid from aqueous waste streams. In this article, the synthesis of a series of brominated poly (2, 6–dimethyl-1, 4–phenylene oxide) (BPPO)-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) through quaternization with triphenylphosphine (TPP) were reported for acid recovery via diffusion dialysis process. The successful synthesis of the prepared membranes was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The as-synthesized anion exchange membranes represented water uptake (WR) of 44 to 66%, ion exchange capacity of (IEC) of 1.22 to 1.86 mmol/g, and linear swelling ratio (LSR) of 8 to 20%. They exhibited excellent thermal, mechanical, and acid stability. They showed homogeneous morphology. The acid recovery performance of the synthesized AEMs was investigated in a two compartment stack using simulated mixture of HCl and FeCl2 as feed solution at room temperature. For the synthesized anion exchange membranes TPP–43 to TPP–100, the diffusion dialysis coefficient of acid (UH+) was in the range of 6.7 to 26.3 (10−3 m/h) whereas separation factor (S) was in the range of 27 to 49 at 25 °C. Obtained results revealed that diffusion dialysis performance of the synthesized AEMs was higher than the commercial membrane DF–120B (UH+ = 0.004 m/h, S = 24.3) at room temperature. It showed that the prepared AEMs here could be excellent candidates for the diffusion dialysis process.

scholarly journals Transport Characteristics of CJMAED™ Homogeneous Anion Exchange Membranes in Sodium Chloride and Sodium Sulfate Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Veronika Sarapulova ◽  
Natalia Pismenskaya ◽  
Valentina Titorova ◽  
Mikhail Sharafan ◽  
Yaoming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Transport Numbers ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Microheterogeneous Model ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Pes Membrane

The interplay between the ion exchange capacity, water content and concentration dependences of conductivity, diffusion permeability, and counterion transport numbers (counterion permselectivity) of CJMA-3, CJMA-6 and CJMA-7 (Hefei Chemjoy Polymer Materials Co. Ltd., China) anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) is analyzed using the application of the microheterogeneous model to experimental data. The structure–properties relationship for these membranes is examined when they are bathed by NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions. These results are compared with the characteristics of the well-studied homogenous Neosepta AMX (ASTOM Corporation, Japan) and heterogeneous AMH-PES (Mega a.s., Czech Republic) anion-exchange membranes. It is found that the CJMA-6 membrane has the highest counterion permselectivity (chlorides, sulfates) among the CJMAED series membranes, very close to that of the AMX membrane. The CJMA-3 membrane has the transport characteristics close to the AMH-PES membrane. The CJMA-7 membrane has the lowest exchange capacity and the highest volume fraction of the intergel spaces filled with an equilibrium electroneutral solution. These properties predetermine the lowest counterion transport number in CJMA-7 among other investigated AEMs, which nevertheless does not fall below 0.87 even in 1.0 eq L−1 solutions of NaCl or Na2SO4. One of the reasons for the decrease in the permselectivity of CJMAED membranes is the extended macropores, which are localized at the ion-exchange material/reinforcing cloth boundaries. In relatively concentrated solutions, the electric current prefers to pass through these well-conductive but nonselective macropores rather than the highly selective but low-conductive elements of the gel phase. It is shown that the counterion permselectivity of the CJMA-7 membrane can be significantly improved by coating its surface with a dense homogeneous ion-exchange film.

Anion-exchange Membranes Containing Fluorinated Poly(arylene ether)s: Properties and Application in Pt-free Hydrazine Fuel Cell

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriko Nishino ◽  
Junko Yamada ◽  
Koichiro Asazawa ◽  
Susumu Yamaguchi ◽  
Manai Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Arylene Ether

scholarly journals Synthesis and Conductivity Studies of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) by Co-Polymerization and Blending with Polyaniline (PANi)

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1939
Author(s):  
Helyati Abu Hassan Shaari ◽  
Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli ◽  
Mohd Nazim Mohtar ◽  
Norizah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Azizan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Polymerization Condition ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a lightweight insulating polymer that possesses good mechanical stability. On the other hand, polyaniline (PANi) is one of the most favorable conducting materials to be used, as it is easily synthesized, cost-effective, and has good conductivity. However, most organic solvents have restricted potential applications due to poor mechanical properties and dispersibility. Compared to PANi, PMMA has more outstanding physical and chemical properties, such as good dimensional stability and better molecular interactions between the monomers. To date, many research studies have focused on incorporating PANi into PMMA. In this review, the properties and suitability of PANi as a conducting material are briefly reviewed. The major parts of this paper reviewed different approaches to incorporating PANi into PMMA, as well as evaluating the modifications to improve its conductivity. Finally, the polymerization condition to prepare PMMA/PANi copolymer to improve its conductivity is also discussed.

Chemically Durable Poly(phenylene-co-arylene ether) Multiblock Copolymer-Based Anion Exchange Membranes with Different Hydrophobic Moieties for Application in Fuel Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (23) ◽  
pp. 10538-10547
Author(s):  
Adam F. Nugraha ◽  
Songmi Kim ◽  
Sung-Hee Shin ◽  
Hyejin Lee ◽  
Dongwon Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Multiblock Copolymer ◽  
Arylene Ether

scholarly journals Adsorption of Copper in Soil and its Dependence on Physical and Chemical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Vlček ◽  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil samples (n = 11) were collected in the chernozem areas of the Czech Republic (the Central Europe) from the topsoil and used as representative samples. All sampling areas have been used for agricultural purposes (arable soil) and they were selected as typical representatives of agricultural soil. These samples represented the soil with same genesis (to reduction differencies between soil types) but with different soil properties (physical and chemical). Complete chemical and physical analyses were made for confirmation of copper adsorption on solid phase: we analysed the particle size distribution, content of oxidizable carbon (Cox), the cation exchange capacity (CEC), supply of exchange calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus and potassium, soil reaction and the total supply of Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, P and N. The strongest simple correlation between analysed soil properties and copper concentration had content of available magnesium (r = 0.44) and available phosphorus (r = −0.51). In the case of multiple correlations (i. e. collective influence of multiple soil properties) had the strongest influence combination of clay, soil reaction, total content of phosphorus, available magnesium and available phosphorus. The main influence of phosphorus and magnesium is evident. We suppose that copper and phosphorus enter into specific complex. Influence of these five soil properties can explain 92.7 % (r = 0.927) changes in the content of copper changes in the experiment.

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