scholarly journals Investigation of Synthesis Mechanism, Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions, and Curing Behavior of Sucrose and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Adhesive

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyuan Zhao ◽  
Shunsuke Sakai ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Nan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Curing Behavior ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

In this study, a further investigation was carried out on the synthesis mechanism, optimal manufacturing conditions, and curing behavior of a sucrose-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (SADP) adhesive. The results of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that SADP was composed of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), deoxyfructosazine (DOF), amino compounds, Schiff base, monosaccharides, and oligosaccharide. The optimal hot-pressing conditions were a hot-pressing temperature of 170 °C, a hot-pressing time of 7 min, and a spread rate of 120 g/m2. The wet shear strength of plywood bonded at optimal manufacturing conditions met the requirements of China National Standard (GB/T 9846-2015). Thermal analysis and insoluble mass proportion measurements showed that the main curing behavior of the SADP adhesive occurred at curing temperatures higher than 145 °C, and more than 50% insoluble mass was formed when the heating time was longer than 5 min. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that cross-linking of the cured adhesive was promoted by prolonging the heating time. In addition, pyrolysis gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) confirmed that the cured SADP adhesive was composed of furan and nitrogen-containing compounds.

scholarly journals Utilization of enzymatic hydrolysate from corn stover as a precursor to synthesize an eco-friendly adhesive for plywood II: investigation of appropriate manufacturing conditions, curing behavior, and adhesion mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyuan Zhao ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Caoxing Huang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Kenji Umemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Adhesion Mechanism ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysate ◽  
Curing Behavior

AbstractIn this study, further research on an enzymatic hydrolysate-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (EHADP) adhesive was carried out. Appropriate hot pressing conditions were clarified by measuring the bond strength of three-ply plywood bonded with EHADP adhesive, and the results indicated that the appropriate fabricate conditions were 170 °C and 5 min. The value of wet shear strength fulfilled the requirements of China National Standard GB/T 9846–2015 when plywood was fabricated by the appropriate conditions. In the research of curing behavior, the insoluble mass proportion promoted significantly as heating temperature and time were ≥ 170 °C and 5 min. Furthermore, a pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis indicated that adding ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) catalyzed the conversion of monosaccharides in the EHADP adhesive. The adhesion mechanism of the EHADP adhesive was studied by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis, and the chemical changes indicated that the adhesion mechanism was attributed to both mechanical and chemical bonding between the wood elements and the cured EHADP adhesive.

scholarly journals Further Exploration of Sucrose–Citric Acid Adhesive: Investigation of Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions for Plywood and Curing Behavior

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao ◽  
Sakai ◽  
Wu ◽  
Chen ◽  
Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Endothermic Reaction ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Pressing Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Curing Behavior ◽  
Pressing Time

In previous research, sucrose and citric acid were used to synthesize an eco-friendlyplywood adhesive. Herein, further research was performed to determine the optimal hot-pressingconditions and curing behavior of a sucrose-citric acid (SC) adhesive. The results of dry and wetshear strength measurements showed that the optimal hot-pressing temperature, hot-pressing time,and spread rate of plywood samples bonded by the SC adhesive were 190 °C, 7 min, and 140 g/m2,respectively. When plywood was bonded at the optimal hot-pressing conditions, the wet shearstrength met the requirements of the China National Standard GB/T 9846-2015. Thermal analysisshowed that the thermal degradation and endothermic reaction temperatures of the SC 25/75adhesive were lower than either sucrose or citric acid individually. In addition, the insoluble massproportion increased with the heating temperature and time. The Pyrolysis Gas Chromatographyand Mass Spectrometr (Py-GC/MS) analysis confirmed that the SC adhesive was cured by thereaction between furan compounds, saccharide, and citric acid, and the resulting polymer appearedto be joined by ether linkages.

Study on the Optimum Hot-Pressing Process and Surface Decoration of Waste Tetra Pak/Sawdust Composite Board

2013 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Sun ◽  
Qiu Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Pressing Temperature ◽  
Composite Board ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Pressing Process ◽  
Surface Decoration ◽  
Tetra Pak

To improve the way of efficient recycling of waste Tetra Pak package, save wood materials and develope new packaging materials, this article studied on the optimum hot-pressing process and surface decoration of waste Tetra Pak/sawdust composite board. Using the orthogonal experimental method, we studied the effect of that four factors, such as resin content, hot-pressing temperature, hot-pressing time and Tetra Pak/sawdust mass ratio, on MOR, MOE, TS for 2h of waste Tetra Pak/sawdust composite board. And according to the measurement and analysis of these three test indicators of the board, we obtained the optimum hot-pressing process of waste Tetra Pak/sawdust composite board. The results showed the optimization of process parameters for the board was that: resin content for 14%, hot-pressing temperature for 150°C, hot-pressing time for 420s and Tetra Pak/sawdust mass ratio for 4:6 were suitable to product this board. At this point, the maximum MOR of the board was up to 23.1MPa, the maximum MOE of the board was up to 2917MPa, the minimum TS for 2h of the board was down to 6.1%. In the processing of PVC surface decoration, by using comparison tests, the results figured out that hot-pressing temperature for 50°C-60°C, hot-pressing time for 10s-20s, hot-pressing pressure beyond 0.02MPa were good for PVC to decorate this kind of board. The formaldehyde emission of this veneer composite board was 0.3mg/L, the surface abrasion resistance of it could reach 900r, besides, its performance of surface pollution resistance has reached the national standard.

Hot-Pressing Process of the the API Adhesivepressed Veneer Straw Composite Panels

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 348-351
Author(s):  
Shi Cheng Zhang ◽  
Jiu Yin Pang ◽  
Zhen Guo Gao
Keyword(s):  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Composite Panels ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Pressing Process ◽  
Straw Composite

Using veneer and Straw shavings two kinds of raw materials to manufacture composite way veneer straw composite panels, Discussion the straw coverings density, hot-pressing process and other factors on the performance of the board, and a simple analysis of the economic benefits of such a plate. The results show that: The production veneer straw composite panels optimum process is pressing temperature 160°C, hot pressing time 1min/ mm, straw sizing quantity is 12%, API adhesive formulations：API adhesive formulations: Ratio of main agent PVA: SBR for 7:3, Crosslinking agent amount (P - MDI) 30% , density of not less than0.85g/cm³. The board each performance index of the optimal, fully able to meet the requirements of national standard, adopt the process sheet belongs to no aldehyde board.

Adhesive Pressing Veneer Performance Study of Compound Sheet of Straw

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Jiu Yin Pang ◽  
Zhen Guo Gao
Keyword(s):  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Factor Effect ◽  
Straw Composite

Using veneer and Straw shavings two kinds of raw materials to manufacture composite way veneer straw composite panels, Straw is discussed when the shop is the amount of glue, Adhesive proportion factor effect the performance of the veneer, and this kind of plank makes a simple analysis of economic benefit.The results show that: SEM test proves that the API surface diffusion performance is better than that of UF adhesive. Urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive on the surface of straw respectively formed by the uneven and thick, API adhesive fillet formation is relatively uniform and relatively thin.In the production of veneer straw composite board is best craft hot-pressing temperature is 160°C, hot pressing time is 1 min /㎜, sizing amount of straw content is 12%, API adhesive formulations: Ratio of main agent PVA: SBR for 7:3, Crosslinking agent amount (P - MDI) 30% , density of not less than0.85g/cm³. The board each performance index of the optimal, fully able to meet the requirements of national standard, adopt the process sheet belongs to no aldehyde board.

Technological Properties of Poplar Particle/Waste Rubber Powder Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 602-605
Author(s):  
Shu Ying Xin ◽  
Yong Cui ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Hot Pressing ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Board Density ◽  
Rubber Powder ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Waste Rubber ◽  
Powder Composites ◽  
Waste Rubber Powder ◽  
Powder Content ◽  
Pressing Technology

The hot-pressing technology for the poplar particle /waste rubber powder composites was studied using the poplar particle and waste rubber powder as raw materials. Effects of waste rubber powder content, hot-pressing time, hot-pressing temperature, resin content and board density were analyzed. The hot-pressing technology was better than molding technology. The optimal technological parameters of hot-pressing technology were obtained as board density0.8g/cm³, resin content3%, hot-pressing temperature160°C, hot-pressing time 7min , waste rubber powder content 30%. The testing results showed that the mechanical performances of the poplar particle /waste rubber powder composites made by the hot-pressing technology could achieve the Chinese National Standard for particle board.

The Effect of Phosphatic Composite on Magnesium Phosphate Cement Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 477-484
Author(s):  
Zhao Qing Qi ◽  
Hong Tao Wang ◽  
Jun Liang Dang ◽  
Shi Hao Zhang ◽  
Jian Hua Ding
Keyword(s):  
Setting Time ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Magnesium Phosphate ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen ◽  
Sodium Dihydrogen

The capacity of 10%, 30%, and 50% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate were replaced with an equal amount of three phosphate (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate) respectively. Magnesium phosphate cement was made by phosphate of replaced, which strength, setting time, fluidity, hydration temperature, and the hydration products was researched. The results show that: MPC was made that replaced with the equal amount of three kind of phosphate, which has good mechanical properties. Setting time and fluidity change along with the replacment. Three kind of phosphate replace ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, which change the hydration process of MPC. When ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was replaced by an equal amount of disodium hydrogen phosphate, the temperature of hydration is only 69.4 °C. XRD showed that the diffraction peaks of composite’s magnesium phosphate cement increases.

Growth and Characterization of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (ADP) Doped with H3BO3 Crystals Grown by Slow Evaporation Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratya Thongpanit ◽  
Weerapong Chewpraditkul ◽  
Nakarin Pattanaboonmee
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Slow Evaporation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Evaporation Method

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) crystals is very interesting due to its nonlinear optical property. This study investigated on improving of material for academic use by adding boric acid to modify ADP crystals. Slow evaporation method in aqueous solutions of pure ADP and ADP doped with three concentrations of H3BO3 as 0.1, 1.0, 5.0 %wt were studied. The grown crystals were confirmed tetragonal structure by powder X-ray diffraction studies. The FTIR spectrum analysis presented various functional groups of boron in three conditions of doped ADP. TGA study was comfirned the temperature stability at 220 °C for both pure and doped ADP crytals. The machanical stress was analyzed by Vicker’s hardness measurement. The results of this analysis showed boric acid doped 1.0 %wt had superior machanical stress from 10 to 75 grams. ADP doped with boric acid at 1.0 %wt was accepted in all test properties.

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