Influence of PVAc/PVA Hydrolysis on Additive Surface Activity

Ophélie Squillace; Rebecca Fong; Oliver Shepherd; Jasmine Hind; James Tellam; Nina-Juliane Steinke; Richard L. Thompson

doi:10.3390/polym12010205

Influence of PVAc/PVA Hydrolysis on Additive Surface Activity

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12010205 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 205 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ophélie Squillace ◽

Rebecca Fong ◽

Oliver Shepherd ◽

Jasmine Hind ◽

James Tellam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Energy ◽

Surface Activity ◽

Polymer Matrix ◽

Surface Segregation ◽

High Surface ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽

Low Surface Energy ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Matrix

This aims to establish design rules for the influence of complex polymer matrices on the surface properties of small molecules. Here, we consider the dependence of the surface behaviour of some model additives on polymer matrix hydrophobicity. With stoichiometric control over hydrolysis, we generate systematic changes in matrix chemistry from non-polar, hydrophobic PVAc to its hydrolysed and hydrophilic analogue, PVA. With the changing degree of hydrolysis (DH), the behaviour of additives can be switched in terms of compatibility and surface activity. Sorbitol, a polar sugar-alcohol of inherently high surface energy, blooms to the surface of PVAc, forming patchy domains on surfaces. With the increasing DH of the polymer matrix, its surface segregation decreases to the point where sorbitol acts as a homogeneously distributed plasticiser in PVA. Conversely, and despite its low surface energy, octanoic acid (OA) surprisingly causes the increased wettability of PVAc. We attribute these observations to the high compatibility of OA with PVAc and its ability to reorient upon exposure to water, presenting a hydrophilic COOH-rich surface. The surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) does not show such a clear dependence on the matrix and formed wetting layers over a wide range of DH. Interestingly, SDS appears to be most compatible with PVAc at intermediate DH, which is consistent with the amphiphilic nature of both species under these conditions. Thus, we show that the prediction of the segregation is not simple and depends on multiple factors including hydrophobicity, compatibility, blockiness, surface energy, and the mobility of the components.

Download Full-text

Surface Segregation of Low Surface Energy Polymeric Dangling Chains in a Cross-Linked Polymer Network Investigated by a Combined Experimental–Simulation Approach

Macromolecules ◽

10.1021/ma302236w ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 1993-2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

A. C. C. Esteves ◽

K. Lyakhova ◽

L. G. J. van der Ven ◽

R. A. T. M. van Benthem ◽

G. de With

Keyword(s):

Surface Energy ◽

Surface Segregation ◽

Polymer Network ◽

Experimental Simulation ◽

Simulation Approach ◽

Low Surface Energy

Download Full-text

Effect of Gelation Temperature on the Molecular Structure and Physicochemical Properties of the Curdlan Matrix: Spectroscopic and Microscopic Analyses

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21176154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (17) ◽

pp. 6154

Author(s):

Barbara Gieroba ◽

Anna Sroka-Bartnicka ◽

Paulina Kazimierczak ◽

Grzegorz Kalisz ◽

Izabela S. Pieta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

High Surface ◽

Attenuated Total Reflection ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Surface Sensitivity ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Matrix ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir And Raman

In order to determine the effect of different gelation temperatures (80 °C and 90 °C) on the structural arrangements in 1,3-β-d-glucan (curdlan) matrices, spectroscopic and microscopic approaches were chosen. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy are well-established techniques that enable the identification of functional groups in organic molecules based on their vibration modes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a quantitative analytical method utilized in the surface study, which provided information about the elemental and chemical composition with high surface sensitivity. Contact angle goniometer was applied to evaluate surface wettability and surface free energy of the matrices. In turn, the surface topography characterization was obtained with the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Described techniques may facilitate the optimization, modification, and design of manufacturing processes (such as the temperature of gelation in the case of the studied 1,3-β-d-glucan) of the organic polysaccharide matrices so as to obtain biomaterials with desired characteristics and wide range of biomedical applications, e.g., entrapment of drugs or production of biomaterials for tissue regeneration. This study shows that the 1,3-β-d-glucan polymer sample gelled at 80 °C has a distinctly different structure than the matrix gelled at 90 °C.

Download Full-text

Effect of Nanodiamond Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Polycrystalline Metallic and Polymeric Composites

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.848 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 660-661 ◽

pp. 848-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Guerold Sergueevitch Bobrovinitchii ◽

Ana Lúcia Diegues Skury ◽

Sérgio Neves Monteiro ◽

Rômulo Crespo Tardim

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Composite Material ◽

Surface Energy ◽

High Surface ◽

Structure Interaction ◽

Processing Times ◽

The Matrix ◽

High Surface Energy ◽

Dispersive Phase

One way to develop a new composite material or to improve its performance is to reinforce the matrix with a stronger dispersive phase. In principal, nanodiamonds can be used as reinforcement of composites owing to high surface energy, which allows an effective structure interaction with most utilized matrices. In this work, polycrystalline metallic–based composites and polymeric-based composites were investigated for the effect caused by addition of nanodiamonds. These composites were obtained at high compression pressures and combine with temperatures for certain short processing times. It was found that even small additions of nanodiamonds increase the wear resistance of the investigated composites.

Download Full-text

Textures of Nematic Liquid Crystal Cylindric-Section Droplets Confined by Chemically Patterned Surfaces

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11010065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Peng Bao ◽

Daniel A. Paterson ◽

Sally A. Peyman ◽

J. Cliff Jones ◽

Jonathan A. T. Sandoe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystal ◽

Liquid Crystals ◽

Surface Energy ◽

High Surface ◽

Longitudinal Section ◽

Patterned Surfaces ◽

Director Field ◽

Low Surface Energy ◽

Air Interface ◽

High Surface Energy

The director fields adopted by nematic liquid crystals (LCs) that are confined by the surface to form long, thin droplets are investigated using polarising optical microscopy. Samples are produced by de-wetting of the LC on a surface patterned with alternating high-surface energy and low-surface energy stripes of 10–30 μm width. The droplets obtained are expected to adopt a profile which is that of a longitudinal section of a cylinder and, as this suggests, the director fields observed are variants in the case where the LC is constrained in a cylindrical capillary or fibre. Hence, when there is normal anchoring at the air interface, the textures observed are related to the well-known escaped radial texture (for the nematic LC mixture E7) or plane polar texture (for the LC mixture MLC6609). More surprising is the observation that the nematic LC mixture MLC7023, which is anchored in a planar or tilted manner at the air interface, also gives what appears to be an escaped radial director field. As an exploration of the possibility of using these systems in creating sensors, the effects of adding a chiral dopant and of adding water to the substrates are also investigated.

Download Full-text

Holographically Fabricated Dye-Doped Nanoporous Polymers as Matrix for Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine ◽

10.1115/1.4002610 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Vincent K. S. Hsiao ◽

Yue Bing Zheng ◽

Heike Betz ◽

Brian Kiraly ◽

Wei Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Polymer Matrix ◽

High Surface ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Laser Desorption ◽

Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽

Ionization Mass ◽

Laser Desorption Ionization ◽

Desorption Ionization ◽

The Matrix

We report laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using a dye-doped nanoporous polymer matrix. The nanoporous polymer matrix was fabricated through a holographic interference patterning technique. The periodically aligned nanopores in the resulting polymer matrix produced a high surface-to-volume ratio that facilitates the homogeneous cocrystallization of the matrix and an analyte (i.e., peptide in this demonstration). To generate nanostructures with further enhanced functionalities, dyes were also incorporated into the photopolymer. We demonstrate that by using the dye-doped nanoporous polymer matrix, we can identify peptides with an enhanced signal from the peptides and decreased noise from the ion fragmentation. These results indicate that the dye-doped nanoporous polymer matrix we use here can be a promising platform for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

Download Full-text

A Preliminary Investigation of Ductility-Enhancement Mechanism through In Situ Nanofibrillation in Thermoplastic Matrix Composites

Journal of Polymers ◽

10.1155/2013/424015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Bhaskar Patham ◽

M. P. Poornendu Thejaswini

Keyword(s):

Plastic Deformation ◽

Surface Energy ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Thermoplastic Composite ◽

Ductile Deformation ◽

Matrix Composites ◽

Structure Property ◽

Low Surface Energy ◽

The Matrix

A preliminary investigation of interrelationships between tensile stress-strain characteristics and morphology evolution during deformation is conducted on a commercially available thermoplastic composite with a low-surface-energy nanofibrillating poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) additive. In this class of composites, the deformation-associated nanofibrillation of the low-surface-energy additive has been hypothesized to provide an additional dissipation mechanism, thereby enhancing the ductility of the composite. This class of composites offers potential for automotive light weighting in exterior and interior body and fascia applications; it is therefore of interest to investigate processing-structure-property interrelationships in these materials. This study specifically probes the interrelationships between the plastic deformation within the matrix and the fibrillation of the low-surface-energy additive; tensile tests are carried out at two different temperatures which are chosen so as to facilitate and suppress plastic deformation within the matrix polymer. Based on these preliminary investigations, it is noted that PTFE fibrillation acts synergistically with the ductile deformation of the matrix resin resulting in higher strains to failure of the composite; the results also suggest that the mechanism of fibrillation-assisted enhancement of strains to failure may not operate in the absence of matrix plasticity.

Download Full-text

Study of hydrophobin-type proteins from Funalia trogii

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021501006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 215 ◽

pp. 01006

Author(s):

Artem Khludin ◽

Boris Kolesnikov ◽

Nikita Khrapatov ◽

Mark Shamtsyan

Keyword(s):

Surface Activity ◽

Food Industry ◽

High Surface ◽

Molecular Surface ◽

Isolation And Purification ◽

Wide Range ◽

Funalia Trogii ◽

Surface Active ◽

High Concentrations ◽

High Surface Activity

Hydrophobins are low-molecular surface-active proteins of fungi with high surface activity and the ability to self-assemble at the interface. The unusual properties of hydrophobins open up possibilities for their application in various fields, including medicine and the food industry. The wide range of possible applications of hydrophobins makes it important to develop and improve technology for their isolation and purification. The aim of the study was to select methods for the extraction of hydrophobin-type proteins and to study the ability of the obtained extracts to modify the solid surface. The source of hydrophobins in this study was the biomass of the fungus Funalia trogii. Methods for the isolation of hydrophobin-type proteins were developed, including purification of the extract from ballast proteins, followed by the destruction of agglomerates of hydrophobin-type proteins using acids in high concentrations. The surface activity and the ability to modify the surface of the obtained proteins were evaluated. As a result, we obtained extracts containing hydrophobin-type proteins with high surface activity. Funalia trogii extracts are capable of changing the hydrophobicity of the surface and can be used in various industries.

Download Full-text

Synthesis and surface activity of high and low surface energy multi-end functional polybutadiene additives

Soft Matter ◽

10.1039/c2sm07361g ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 3487 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Solomon M. Kimani ◽

Sarah J. Hardman ◽

Lian R. Hutchings ◽

Nigel Clarke ◽

Richard L. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Surface Energy ◽

Surface Activity ◽

Low Surface Energy

Download Full-text

Cytocompatibility of Carbon Nanofiber Materials for Neural Applications

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-774-o7.35 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 774 ◽

Author(s):

Janice L. McKenzie ◽

Michael C. Waid ◽

Riyi Shi ◽

Thomas J. Webster

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fiber ◽

Surface Energy ◽

Carbon Nanofibers ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

Carbon Nanofiber ◽

Fiber Composite ◽

Scar Tissue ◽

Pc 12 Cells ◽

Low Surface Energy ◽

Poly Carbonate

AbstractSince the cytocompatibility of carbon nanofibers with respect to neural applications remains largely uninvestigated, the objective of the present in vitro study was to determine cytocompatibility properties of formulations containing carbon nanofibers. Carbon fiber substrates were prepared from four different types of carbon fibers, two with nanoscale diameters (nanophase, or less than or equal to 100 nm) and two with conventional diameters (or greater than 200 nm). Within these two categories, both a high and a low surface energy fiber were investigated and tested. Astrocytes (glial scar tissue-forming cells) and pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12; neuronal-like cells) were seeded separately onto the substrates. Results provided the first evidence that astrocytes preferentially adhered on the carbon fiber that had the largest diameter and the lowest surface energy. PC-12 cells exhibited the most neurites on the carbon fiber with nanodimensions and low surface energy. These results may indicate that PC-12 cells prefer nanoscale carbon fibers while astrocytes prefer conventional scale fibers. A composite was formed from poly-carbonate urethane and the 60 nm carbon fiber. Composite substrates were thus formed using different weight percentages of this fiber in the polymer matrix. Increased astrocyte adherence and PC-12 neurite density corresponded to decreasing amounts of the carbon nanofibers in the poly-carbonate urethane matrices. Controlling carbon fiber diameter may be an approach for increasing implant contact with neurons and decreasing scar tissue formation.

Download Full-text