scholarly journals Mechanical Recycling of Partially Bio-Based and Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Blends by Reactive Extrusion with Poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate)

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Montava-Jorda ◽  
Diego Lascano ◽  
Luis Quiles-Carrillo ◽  
Nestor Montanes ◽  
Teodomiro Boronat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Random Copolymer ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Free Food ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene

In the present study, partially bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (bio-PET) was melt-mixed at 15–45 wt% with recycled polyethylene terephthalate (r-PET) obtained from remnants of the injection blowing process of contaminant-free food-use bottles. The resultant compounded materials were thereafter shaped into pieces by injection molding for characterization. Poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PS-co-GMA) was added at 1–5 parts per hundred resin (phr) of polyester blend during the extrusion process to counteract the ductility and toughness reduction that occurred in the bio-PET pieces after the incorporation of r-PET. This random copolymer effectively acted as a chain extender in the polyester blend, resulting in injection-molded pieces with slightly higher mechanical resistance properties and nearly the same ductility and toughness than those of neat bio-PET. In particular, for the polyester blend containing 45 wt% of r-PET, elongation at break (εb) increased from 10.8% to 378.8% after the addition of 5 phr of PS-co-GMA, while impact strength also improved from 1.84 kJ·m−2 to 2.52 kJ·m−2. The mechanical enhancement attained was related to the formation of branched and larger macromolecules by a mechanism of chain extension based on the reaction of the multiple glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) groups present in PS-co-GMA with the hydroxyl (–OH) and carboxyl (–COOH) terminal groups of both bio-PET and r-PET. Furthermore, all the polyester blend pieces showed thermal and dimensional stabilities similar to those of neat bio-PET, remaining stable up to more than 400 °C. Therefore, the use low contents of the tested multi-functional copolymer can successfully restore the properties of bio-based but non-biodegradable polyesters during melt reprocessing with their recycled petrochemical counterparts and an effective mechanical recycling is achieved.

Chain extension of virgin and recycled polyethylene terephthalate

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albaniza A. Tavares ◽  
Diêgo F.A. Silva ◽  
Poliana S. Lima ◽  
Daniela L.A.C.S. Andrade ◽  
Suédina M.L. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Compatibilization Strategies to Improve the Performance of Injection-Molded Green Composite Pieces Made of Polylactide Reinforced with Short Flaxseed Fibers

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Agüero ◽  
David Garcia-Sanoguera ◽  
Diego Lascano ◽  
Sandra Rojas-Lema ◽  
Juan Ivorra-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Random Copolymer ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Green Composite

Green composites made of polylactide (PLA) and short flaxseed fibers (FFs) at 20 wt % were successfully compounded by twin-screw extrusion (TSE) and subsequently shaped into pieces by injection molding. The linen waste derived FFs were subjected to an alkalization pretreatment to remove impurities, improve the fiber surface quality, and make the fibers more hydrophobic. The alkali-pretreated FFs successfully reinforced PLA, leading to green composite pieces with higher mechanical strength. However, the pieces also showed lower ductility and toughness and the lignocellulosic fibers easily detached during fracture due to the absence or low interfacial adhesion with the biopolyester matrix. Therefore, four different compatibilization strategies were carried out to enhance the fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion. These routes consisted on the silanization of the alkalized FFs with a glycidyl silane, namely (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), and the reactive extrusion (REX) with three compatibilizers, namely a multi-functional epoxy-based styrene-acrylic oligomer (ESAO), a random copolymer of poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PS-co-GMA), and maleinized linseed oil (MLO). The results showed that all the here-tested compatibilizers improved mechanical strength, ductility, and toughness as well as the thermal stability and thermomechanical properties of the green composite pieces. The highest interfacial adhesion was observed in the green composite pieces containing the silanized fibers. Interestingly, PS-co-GMA and, more intensely, ESAO yielded the pieces with the highest mechanical performance due to the higher reactivity of these additives with both composite components and their chain-extension action, whereas MLO led to the most ductile pieces due to its secondary role as plasticizer for PLA.

Solid state NMR analysis of poly(L-lactide) random copolymer with poly(ε-caprolactone) and its reactive extrusion process

2011 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 1865-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Nishida ◽  
Yoshiro Nishimura ◽  
Toshiyuki Tanaka ◽  
Miyoko Oonishi ◽  
Wataru Kanematsu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Random Copolymer ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Reactive Extrusion Process

scholarly journals Structure and Properties of Reactively Extruded Opaque Post-Consumer Recycled PET

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3531
Author(s):  
María Virginia Candal ◽  
Maryam Safari ◽  
Mercedes Fernández ◽  
Itziar Otaegi ◽  
Agurtzane Múgica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Reactive Extrusion Process ◽  
Long Chain

The recyclability of opaque PET, which contains TiO2 nanoparticles, has not been as well-studied as that of transparent PET. The objective of this work is to recycle post-consumer opaque PET through reactive extrusion with Joncryl. The effect of the reactive extrusion process on the molecular structure and on the thermal/mechanical/rheological properties of recycling post-consumer opaque PET (r-PET) has been analyzed. A 1% w/w Joncryl addition caused a moderate increase in the molecular weight. A moderate increase in chain length could not explain a decrease in the overall crystallization rate. This result is probably due to the presence of branches interrupting the crystallizable sequences in reactive extruded r-PET (REX-r-PET). A rheological investigation performed by SAOS/LAOS/elongational studies detected important structural modifications in REX-r-PET with respect to linear r-PET or a reference virgin PET. REX-r-PET is characterized by a slow relaxation process with enlarged elastic behaviors that are characteristic of a long-chain branched material. The mechanical properties of REX-r-PET increased because of the addition of the chain extender without a significant loss of elongation at the break. The reactive extrusion process is a suitable way to recycle opaque PET into a material with enhanced rheological properties (thanks to the production of a chain extension and long-chain branches) with mechanical properties that are comparable to those of a typical virgin PET sample.

A novel recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide 11 (rPET/PA11) thermoplastic blend

2021 ◽  
pp. 147776062110010
Author(s):  
Zahid Iqbal Khan ◽  
Zurina Binti Mohamad ◽  
Abdul Razak Bin Rahmat ◽  
Unsia Habib ◽  
Nur Amira Sahirah Binti Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Polyamide 11 ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
The Impact

This work explores a novel blend of recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide 11 (rPET/PA11). The blend of rPET/PA11 was introduced to enhance the mechanical properties of rPET at various ratios. The work’s main advantage was to utilize rPET in thermoplastic form for various applications. Three different ratios, i.e. 10, 20 and 30 wt.% of PA11 blend samples, were prepared using a twin-screw extruder and injection moulding machine. The mechanical properties were examined in terms of tensile, flexural and impact strength. The tensile strength of rPET was improved more than 50%, while the increase in tensile strain was observed 42.5% with the addition of 20 wt.% of PA11. The improved properties of the blend were also confirmed by the flexural strength of the blends. The flexural strength was increased from 27.9 MPa to 48 MPa with the addition of 30 wt.% PA11. The flexural strain of rPET was found to be 1.1%. However, with the addition of 10, 20 and 30 wt.% of PA11, the flexural strain was noticed as 1.7, 2.1, and 3.9% respectively. The impact strength of rPET/PA11 at 20 wt.% PA11 was upsurged from 110.53 to 147.12 J/m. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a dispersed PA11 domain in a continuous rPET matrix morphology of the blends. This work practical implication would lead to utilization of rPET in automobile, packaging, and various industries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document