scholarly journals Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers Containing B←N Bonds with Strong Electron Affinity and Extended Absorption

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Pang ◽  
Zhonghai Tang ◽  
Yongchun Li ◽  
Huifeng Meng ◽  
Ying Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Thin Film Transistor ◽  
Organic Thin Film ◽  
Strong Electron ◽  
Embedded Unit ◽  
P Type

The B←N is isoelectronic to the C–C, with the former having stronger dipole moment and higher electron affinity. Replacing the C–C bonds in conjugated polymers with B←N bonds is an effective pathway toward novel polymers with strong electron affinity and adjustable optoelectronic properties. In this work, we synthesize a conjugated copolymer, namely, BNIDT-DPP, based on a B←N embedded unit, BNIDT, and a typical electron-deficient unit, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP). For comparison, the C–C counterpart, i.e., IDT-DPP, is also synthesized. In contrast to IDT-DPP, the B←N embedded polymer BNIDT-DPP shows an extended absorption edge (836 versus 978 nm), narrowed optical bandgap (1.48 versus 1.27 eV), and higher electron affinity (3.54 versus 3.74 eV). The Gaussian simulations reveal that the B←N embedded polymer BNIDT-DPP is more electron-deficient in contrast to IDT-DPP, supporting the decreased bandgap and energy levels of BNIDT-DPP. Organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) tests indicate a well-defined p-type characteristic for both IDT-DPP and BNIDT-DPP. The hole mobilities of IDT-DPP and BNIDT-DPP tested by OTFTs are 0.059 and 0.035 cm2/V·s, respectively. The preliminary fabrication of all-polymer solar cells based on BNIDT-DPP and PBDB-T affords a PCE of 0.12%. This work develops a novel B←N embedded polymer with strong electron affinity and extended absorption, which is potentially useful for electronic device application.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Cyano-Substituted Conjugated Polymers for Photovoltaic Applications

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mun Ho Yang ◽  
Ho Cheol Jin ◽  
Joo Hyun Kim ◽  
Dong Wook Chang
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Strong Electron ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties

Three conjugated polymers, in which the electron-donating (D) 5-alkylthiophene-2-yl-substitued benzodithiophene was linked to three different electron-accepting (A) moieties, i.e., benzothiadiazole (BT), diphenylquinoxaline (DPQ), and dibenzophenazine (DBP) derivative via thiophene bridge, were synthesized using the Stille coupling reaction. In particular, the strong electron-withdrawing cyano (CN) group was incorporated into the A units BT, DPQ, and DBP to afford three D–A type target polymers PB–BTCN, PB–DPQCN, and PB–DBPCN, respectively. Owing to the significant contribution of the CN-substituent, these polymers exhibit not only low-lying energy levels of both the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, but also reduced bandgaps. Furthermore, to investigate the photovoltaic properties of polymers, inverted-type devices with the structure of ITO/ZnO/Polymer:PC71BM/MoO3/Ag were fabricated and analyzed. All the polymer solar cells based on the three cyano-substituted conjugated polymers showed high open-circuit voltages (Voc) greater than 0.89 V, and the highest power conversion efficiency of 4.59% was obtained from the device based on PB-BtCN with a Voc of 0.93 V, short-circuit current of 7.36 mA cm−2, and fill factor of 67.1%.

scholarly journals Incorporating Cyano Groups to a Conjugated Polymer Based on Double B←N Bridged Bipyridine Unit for Unipolar n-Type Organic Field-Effect Transistors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Xu Cao ◽  
Yang Min ◽  
Hongkun Tian
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Semiconducting Polymers ◽  
Organic Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Strong Electron ◽  
Cyano Groups ◽  
P Type

The development of n-type semiconductors lags far behind that of their p-type counterparts, demonstrating the exploration of exclusive n-type π-conjugated polymers is significant. The double B←N bridged bipyridine (BNBP)-based polymers P-BNBP-TVT containing (E)-1,2-di(thiophen-2-yl)ethene (TVT) previously reported exhibits ambipolar character because of the electron-rich nature. Herein, we incorporated strong electron-withdrawing cyano groups into the 3,3’-positions of TVT moiety to a copolymer P-BNBP-2CNTVT to develop n-type π-conjugated polymers. The LUMO/HOMO energy levels of P-BNBP-2CNTVT are –3.80/–5.95 eV, respectively, which are ~0.4 eV lower than that of P-BNBP-TVT without cynao groups. Unsurprisingly, compared with ambipolar P-BNBP-TVT, the organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) based on P-BNBP-2CNTVT showed unipolar n-type characteristics with an electron mobility of 0.026 cm2 V–1 s–1 and lower threshold voltage of ~25 V as well as high Ion/Ioff of ~105. This study demonstrates organoboron π-conjugated polymers could be regarded as a tool for constructing exclusive n-type semiconducting polymers used in OFETs.

scholarly journals Optimization of Sb2S3 Nanocrystal Concentrations in P3HT: PCBM Layers to Improve the Performance of Polymer Solar Cells

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2152
Author(s):  
E. M. Mkawi ◽  
Y. Al-Hadeethi ◽  
R. S. Bazuhair ◽  
A. S. Yousef ◽  
E. Shalaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Block Polymer ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Electronic Parameters ◽  
P Type

In this study, polymer solar cells were synthesized by adding Sb2S3 nanocrystals (NCs) to thin blended films with polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric-acid-methyl-ester (PCBM) as the p-type material prepared via the spin-coating method. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dependence of polymer solar cells’ performance on the concentration of Sb2S3 nanocrystals. The effect of the Sb2S3 nanocrystal concentrations (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04 mg/mL) in the polymer’s active layer was determined using different characterization techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) displayed doped ratio dependences of P3HT crystallite orientations of P3HT crystallites inside a block polymer film. Introducing Sb2S3 NCs increased the light harvesting and regulated the energy levels, improving the electronic parameters. Considerable photoluminescence quenching was observed due to additional excited electron pathways through the Sb2S3 NCs. A UV–visible absorption spectra measurement showed the relationship between the optoelectronic properties and improved surface morphology, and this enhancement was detected by a red shift in the absorption spectrum. The absorber layer’s doping concentration played a definitive role in improving the device’s performance. Using a 0.04 mg/mL doping concentration, a solar cell device with a glass /ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT-PCBM: Sb2S3:NC/MoO3/Ag structure achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 2.72%. These Sb2S3 NCs obtained by solvothermal fabrication blended with a P3HT: PCBM polymer, would pave the way for a more effective design of organic photovoltaic devices.

p-type semiconducting α,ω-dihexylsexithiophene for an organic thin film transistor

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 064502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hong Kwon ◽  
Jung-Hoon Seo ◽  
Hochul Kang ◽  
Dong Hoon Choi ◽  
Byeong-Kwon Ju
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Film Transistor ◽  
Organic Thin Film ◽  
Organic Thin Film Transistor ◽  
P Type

scholarly journals A-π-D-π-A-Based Small Molecules for OTFTs Containing Diketopyrrolopyrrole as Acceptor Units

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Baji Shaik ◽  
Mujeeb Khan ◽  
Mohammed Rafi Shaik ◽  
Mohammed A.F. Sharaf ◽  
Doumbia Sekou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Thin Film Transistor ◽  
Hole Mobility ◽  
Organic Thin Film ◽  
Organic Thin Film Transistor ◽  
Cast Films ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
P Type

A-π-D-π-A-based small molecules 6,6′-((thiophene-2,5-diylbis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione) (TDPP-T) and 6,6′-(((2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine-5,7-diyl)bis(ethyne-2,1-diyl))bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione) (TDPP-EDOT) have been designed and synthesized. The diketopyrrolopyrrole acts as an electron acceptor, while the thiophene or 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene acts as an electron donor. The donor–acceptor groups are connected by an ethynyl bridge to further enhance the conjugation. The optoelectronics, electrochemical, and thermal properties have been investigated. Organic thin film transistor (OTFT) devices prepared from TDPP-T and TDPP-EDOT have shown p-type mobility. In as cast films, TDPP-T and TDPP-EDOT have shown a hole mobility of 5.44 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 4.13 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The increase in the mobility of TDPP-T and TDPP-EDOT OTFT devices was observed after annealing at 150 °C, after which the mobilities were 3.11 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 2.63 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of the Electron-Deficient Third Components in n-Type Terpolymers on Morphology and Performance of All-Polymer Solar Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 214-222
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Huiliang Sun ◽  
Chang Woo Koh ◽  
Mengyao Su ◽  
Bao Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Noncovalent Interactions ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Third ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
And Performance ◽  
P Type

Compared with p-type terpolymers, less effort has been devoted to n-type analogs. Herein, we synthesized a series of n-type terpolymers via incorporating three electron-deficient third components including thienopyrroledione (TPD), phthalimide, and benzothiadiazole into an imide-functionalized parent n-type copolymer to tune optoelectronic properties without sacrificing the n-type characteristics. Due to effects of the third components with different electron-accepting ability and solubility, the resulting three polymers feature distinct energy levels and crystallinity. In addition, heteroatoms (S, O, and N) attached on the third components trigger intramolecular noncovalent interactions, which can increase molecule planarity and have a significant effect on the packing structures of the polymer films. As a result, the best power conversion efficiency of 8.28% was achieved from all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) based on n-type terpolymer containing TPD. This is contributed by promoted electron mobility and face-on polymer packing, showing the pronounced advantages of the TPD used as a third component for thriving efficient n-type terpolymers. The generality is also successfully validated in a benchmark polymer donor/acceptor system by introducing TPD into the benchmark n-type polymer N2200. The results demonstrate the feasibility of introducing suitable electron-deficient building blocks as the third components for high-performance n-type terpolymers toward efficient all-PSCs.

N-Type Self-Doped Water/Alcohol-Soluble Conjugated Polymers with Tailored Energy Levels for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 2195-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianchao Jia ◽  
Baobing Fan ◽  
Manjun Xiao ◽  
Tao Jia ◽  
Yaocheng Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Performance Polymer ◽  
Water Alcohol

PbSe nanocrystal/conducting polymer solar cells with an infrared response to 2 micron

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 2204-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Jiang ◽  
Richard D. Schaller ◽  
Sergey B. Lee ◽  
Jeffrey M. Pietryga ◽  
Victor I. Klimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Reverse Bias ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Phenylene Vinylene ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Photovoltaic Response ◽  
Carrier Multiplication ◽  
Regioregular Poly ◽  
Potential Benefits

We investigated the photovoltaic response of nanocomposites made of colloidal, infrared-sensitive, PbSe nanocrystals (NCs) of various sizes and conjugated polymers of either regioregular poly (3-hexylthiophene) (RR-P3HT) or poly- (2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV). The conduction and valence energy levels of PbSe NCs were determined by cyclic voltammetry and revealed type II heterojunction alignment with respect to energy levels in RR-P3HT for smaller NC sizes. Devices composed of NCs and RR-P3HT show good diode characteristics and sizable photovoltaic response in a spectral range from the ultraviolet to the infrared. Using these materials, we have observed photovoltaic response at wavelengths as far to the infrared as 2 μm (0.6 eV), which is desirable due to potential benefits of carrier multiplication (or multi-exciton generation) from a single junction photovoltaic. Under reverse bias, the devices also exhibit good photodiode responses over the same spectral region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document