scholarly journals Thermal and Mechanical Behavior of Wood Plastic Composites by Addition of Graphene Nanoplatelets

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingli Zhang ◽  
Jinglan Zhang ◽  
Ruihong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Wood plastic composites (WPCs) incorporating graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) were fabricated using hot-pressed technology to enhance thermal and mechanical behavior. The influences of thermal filler content and temperature on the thermal performance of the modified WPCs were investigated. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of the composites increased significantly with the increase of GNPs fillers, but decreased with the increase of temperature. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that coupling GNPs resulted in better thermal stability of the WPCs. The limiting oxygen index test also showed that addition of GNPs caused good fire retardancy in WPCs. Incorporation of GNPs also led to an improvement in mechanical properties as compared to neat WPCs. Through a series of mechanical performance tests, it could be concluded that the flexural and tensile moduli of WPCs were improved with the increase of the content of fillers.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Flame Retardancy of Colorless and Transparent Semi-Alicyclic Polyimide Film from Hydrogenated-BPDA and 4,4′-oxydianiline via the Incorporation of Phosphazene Oligomer

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Xiao Wu ◽  
Ganglan Jiang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
Yanjiang Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Polyimide Film ◽  
Total Heat Release ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Biphenyltetracarboxylic Dianhydride ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Enhancement of flame retardancy of a colorless and transparent semi-alicyclic polyimide (PI) film was carried out by the incorporation of phosphazene (PPZ) flame retardant (FR). For this purpose, PI-1 matrix was first synthesized from hydrogenated 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (HBPDA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA). The soluble PI-1 resin was dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) to afford the PI-1 solution, which was then physically blended with PPZ FR with the loading amounts in the range of 0–25 wt.%. The PPZ FR exhibited good miscibility with the PI-1 matrix when its proportion was lower than 10 wt.% in the composite films. PI-3 composite film with the PPZ loading of 10 wt.% showed an optical transmittance of 75% at the wavelength of 450 nm with a thickness of 50 μm. More importantly, PI-3 exhibited a flame retardancy class of UL 94 VTM-0 and reduced total heat release (THR), heat release rate (HRR), smoke production rate (SPR), and rate of smoke release (RSR) values during combustion compared with the original PI-1 film. In addition, PI-3 film had a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.9%, which is much higher than that of PI-1 matrix (LOI: 20.1%). Finally, incorporation of PPZ FR decreased the thermal stability of the PI films. The 10% weight loss temperature (T10%) and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PI-3 film were 411.6 °C and 227.4 °C, respectively, which were lower than those of the PI-1 matrix (T10%: 487.3 °C; Tg: 260.6 °C)

Flame-retardant behaviors of aluminum phosphates coated sepiolite in epoxy resin

2020 ◽  
pp. 073490412093408
Author(s):  
Wei Yan ◽  
Pu Xie ◽  
Zhengwei Yang ◽  
Guangjin Luo ◽  
Weijiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Heterogeneous Precipitation ◽  
Aluminum Phosphates ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Limited Oxygen

Aluminum phosphates coated sepiolite nanocomposite was fabricated via a simple one-pot heterogeneous precipitation strategy, and the effects of aluminum phosphates on the morphology of aluminum phosphates coated sepiolite were investigated. Moreover, the effect of aluminum phosphates coated sepiolite on the flame-retardant behavior, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of epoxy resin have been discussed. The results indicated that the introduction of only 20 wt% aluminum phosphates coated sepiolite in epoxy resin increased the limited oxygen index from 21.8% to 30.1%, thus the material met the UL-94 V-0 rating. Thermogravimetric analyses revealed that char yield increased in the presence of aluminum phosphates coated sepiolite form thermally stable carbonaceous char. Aluminum phosphates–coated sepiolite could improve the mechanical performance, thermal stability of epoxy resin.

Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardant Polyamide 66

2020 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Yu Lei Zheng ◽  
Shuang Chen ◽  
Jia Hui Wang ◽  
Ru Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Polyamide 66 ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Phosphorus Containing

Polyamide 66 (PA66) benefits from excellent mechanical properties and good chemical resistance, which enabled wide application of this material in various industrial fields; however, it suffers from high flammability. Generally, preparation of a flame retardant PA from a reactive flame retardant involves a two-step process. In this study, the flame retardant PA66s (FRPA66s) are synthesized via a one-pot melt copolycondensation route by using a reactive phosphorus-containing flame retardant (FR-B). Then, molecular weight, some mechanical and thermal properties along with flame retardant properties of FRPA66s were investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), instron material testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) analysis, vertical burning test (UL 94), and limiting oxygen index test (LOI) techniques. The experimental results confirmed that FRPA66s synthesized by the one-pot method have very similar properties compared to those obtained via the two-step process. Moreover, the prepared materials showed good non-flammability behavior with limiting oxygen index value of over 30% and a vertical burning test result of V-0 rating.

A Note on an Oxygen Index Test on Electric Cables

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Electric Cable ◽  
Electric Cables ◽  
Sheath Material

An oxygen index test was conducted on thirteen different electric cable samples, to determine the limiting oxygen index (i.e., LOI) of each cable composite, its sheath and its insulated wire. A statistical comparative analysis for the data pairs has shown that the LOI of the cable composite correlated sig nificantly well with that of its sheath material whereas it hardly had any sig nificant correlations with that of its insulated wire. This implies that the LOI of a cable composite may be an alternative to that of its sheath material in some cases, though it should be considered that the former tends to be a little higher than the latter. Adoption of the oxygen index test on electric cable com posites instead of that on the sheath coverings could only have merit in simplification and convenience of the sample preparation for the test.

Properties of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) reinforced with extracted and delignified wood flour

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 933-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Chen ◽  
Nicole M. Stark ◽  
Mandla A. Tshabalala ◽  
Jianmin Gao ◽  
Yongming Fan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design

Abstract The water sorption and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) made of extracted and delignified wood flour (WF) has been investigated. WF was prepared by extraction with the solvent systems toluene/ethanol (TE), acetone/water (AW), and hot water (HW), and its delignification was conducted by means of sodium chlorite/acetic acid (AA) solution. A 24 full-factorial experimental design was employed to determine the effects of treatments and treatment combinations. WPCs were prepared with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and treated WF was prepared by means of extrusion followed by injection molding, and the water absorption characteristics and mechanical properties of the products were evaluated. WPCs produced with extracted WF had lower water absorption rates and better mechanical properties than those made of untreated WF. WPCs containing delignified WF had higher water absorption rates and improved mechanical performance compared with those made of untreated WF.

Effects of Adding Method of a Novel Haxogen-Free Flame Retardant Agent on the Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 818-822
Author(s):  
Wang Wang Yu ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Dong Xue ◽  
Lu Jing ◽  
Wen Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Thermal Degradation Behavior

Phosphoric acid, pentaerythritol and aniline were used to synthesize a novel intumescent flame retardant agent(IFR), then IFR was added into high density polyethylene based wood plastic composites(WPC) by three different ways. Thermal degradation behavior, combustion properties and mechanical properties of WPC were evaluated by means of limiting oxygen index(LOI), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), universal testing and scanning electron microscope(SEM) images of char formed after LOI tests. The results show that when IFR was added directly into WPC, the composite has the best flame resistant property, but the worst mechanical properties; when IFR is dissolved into solution, and the immersion method is adopted, the WPC has the best mechanical properties and better fire retardant property.

scholarly journals Effect of Hybrid Talc-Basalt Fillers in the Shell Layer on Thermal and Mechanical Performance of Co-Extruded Wood Plastic Composites

Materials ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 8510-8523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runzhou Huang ◽  
Changtong Mei ◽  
Xinwu Xu ◽  
Timo Kärki ◽  
Sunyoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Shell Layer ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites

scholarly journals Preparation of Flame Retardant Modified with Titanate for Asphalt Binder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Jianxun Liu ◽  
Feng Han ◽  
Xiaoling Li ◽  
Liangying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Low Dosage

Improving the compatibility between flame retardant and asphalt is a difficult task due to the complex nature of the materials. This study explores a low dosage compound flame retardant and seeks to improve the compatibility between flame retardants and asphalt. An orthogonal experiment was designed taking magnesium hydroxide, ammonium polyphosphate, and melamine as factors. The oil absorption and activation index were tested to determine the effect of titanate on the flame retardant additive. The pavement performance test was conducted to evaluate the effect of the flame retardant additive. Oxygen index test was conducted to confirm the effect of flame retardant on flame ability of asphalt binder. The results of this study showed that the new composite flame retardant is more effective in improving the compatibility between flame retardant and asphalt and reducing the limiting oxygen index of asphalt binder tested in this study.

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