scholarly journals Parametric Analysis of Electrical Conductivity of Polymer-Composites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladipo Folorunso ◽  
Yskandar Hamam ◽  
Rotimi Sadiku ◽  
Suprakas Sinha Ray ◽  
Adekoya Gbolahan Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Fuel Cell Electrodes ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Conductivity Models

The problem associated with mixtures of fillers and polymers is that they result in mechanical degradation of the material (polymer) as the filler content increases. This problem will increase the weight of the material and manufacturing cost. For this reason, experimentation on the electrical conductivities of the polymer-composites (PCs) is not enough to research their electrical properties; models have to be adopted to solve the encountered challenges. Hitherto, several models by previous researchers have been developed and proposed, with each utilizing different design parameters. It is imperative to carry out analysis on these models so that the suitable one is identified. This paper indeed carried out a comprehensive parametric analysis on the existing electrical conductivity models for polymer composites. The analysis involves identification of the parameters that best predict the electrical conductivity of polymer composites for energy storage, viz: (batteries and capacitor), sensors, electronic device components, fuel cell electrodes, automotive, medical instrumentation, cathode scanners, solar cell, and military surveillance gadgets applications. The analysis showed that the existing models lack sufficient parametric ability to determine accurately the electrical conductivity of polymer-composites.

scholarly journals Analysis of DC Electrical Conductivity Models of Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites with Potential Application to Nanometric Electronic Devices

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Vargas-Bernal ◽  
Gabriel Herrera-Pérez ◽  
Ma. Elena Calixto-Olalde ◽  
Margarita Tecpoyotl-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Main Design ◽  
Dc Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Conductivity Models

The design of nanometric electronic devices requires novel materials for improving their electrical performance from stages of design until their fabrication. Until now, several DC electrical conductivity models for composite materials have been proposed. However, these models must be valued to identify main design parameters that more efficiently control the electrical properties of the materials to be developed. In this paper, four different models used for modeling DC electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube-polymer composites are studied with the aim of obtaining a complete list of design parameters that allow guarantying to the designer an increase in electrical properties of the composite by means of carbon nanotubes.

Evaluation of electrical conductivity models for conductive polymer composites

2001 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Clingerman ◽  
Julia A. King ◽  
Kirk H. Schulz ◽  
Jeffrey D. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Conductive Polymer Composites ◽  
Conductivity Models

Investigation of Carbon Nanotubes Mixing Methods and Functionalizations for Electrically Conductive Polymer Composites

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brijpal Singh Talwar ◽  
Kambiz Chizari ◽  
Shuangzhuang Guo ◽  
Daniel Therriault
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Negative Effect

The growing popularity of Poly lactic acid (PLA) is related to its biocompatibility, good mechanical properties, and its synthesis from renewable resources. PLA can be compounded with electrically conductive fillers (e.g., carbon nanotubes (CNTs)) to form carbon polymer composites (CPC). These fillers provide the conductive functionality by forming percolative paths. Featuring very low weight densities, CPCs have the potential to replace metals in the electronic industry if they exhibit similar electrical conductivities. The current challenges being faced during the mixing of CNTs in a polymer matrix are the formation of aggregates due to the strong van der Waals forces and the breakage of the CNTs during dispersion. In this study, we compare: (1) two fabrication methods to create CPCs (i.e., solution mixing by sonication and extrusion) and (2) effects of various CNT functionalization techniques (i.e., acid and plasma treatments) on the conductivity of the CPCs. First, the composites comprising of 30% PLA by weight in Dichloromethane (DCM) and CNTs in different concentrations (up to 5wt.%) are fabricated by two step sonication method (i.e., dissolving PLA in DCM and then dispersing the CNTs in the polymer solution). Second, CPCs are fabricated using a micro twin screw extruder operating at 180°C. To verify the effects of functionalization of the CNTs on the conductivity of composites, the CNTs are functionalized via three methods: - HNO3 acid functionalization, 3:1 ratio HNO3 + H2SO4 acid (stronger) functionalization and N2 plasma functionalization. CPC fibers are drawn using the solvent-cast printing method. These fibers are then tested for their electrical conductivity using the two probe method. The maximum electrical conductivity is showed by the 5% CNT concentration samples at 3.97 S/m and 25.16 S/m for the CPC fibers obtained via the solution blend and the extrusion methods, respectively. Regarding the functionalized CNTs, conductivity measurements show a negative effect of the CNTs functionalization on the electrical properties of the CPC.

Electrical conductivity studies on silica phases and the effects of phase transformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1800-1805
Author(s):  
George M. Amulele ◽  
Anthony W. Lanati ◽  
Simon M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Activation Volume ◽  
Activation Enthalpy ◽  
Hydrogen Charge ◽  
Charge Compensation ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Silica Phases

Abstract Starting with the same sample, the electrical conductivities of quartz and coesite have been measured at pressures of 1, 6, and 8.7 GPa, respectively, over a temperature range of 373–1273 K in a multi-anvil high-pressure system. Results indicate that the electrical conductivity in quartz increases with pressure as well as when the phase change from quartz to coesite occurs, while the activation enthalpy decreases with increasing pressure. Activation enthalpies of 0.89, 0.56, and 0.46 eV, were determined at 1, 6, and 8.7 GPa, respectively, giving an activation volume of –0.052 ± 0.006 cm3/mol. FTIR and composition analysis indicate that the electrical conductivities in silica polymorphs is controlled by substitution of silicon by aluminum with hydrogen charge compensation. Comparing with electrical conductivity measurements in stishovite, reported by Yoshino et al. (2014), our results fall within the aluminum and water content extremes measured in stishovite at 12 GPa. The resulting electrical conductivity model is mapped over the magnetotelluric profile obtained through the tectonically stable Northern Australian Craton. Given their relative abundances, these results imply potentially high electrical conductivities in the crust and mantle from contributions of silica polymorphs. The main results of this paper are as follows:The electrical conductivity of silica polymorphs is determined by impedance spectroscopy up to 8.7 GPa.The activation enthalpy decreases with increasing pressure indicating a negative activation volume across the silica polymorphs.The electrical conductivity results are consistent with measurements observed in stishovite at 12 GPa.

scholarly journals A New Approach for Design Optimization and Parametric Analysis of Symmetric Compound Parabolic Concentrator for Photovoltaic Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4606
Author(s):  
Faisal Masood ◽  
Perumal Nallagownden ◽  
Irraivan Elamvazuthi ◽  
Javed Akhter ◽  
Mohammad Azad Alam
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Geometric Optimization ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Compound Parabolic Concentrator ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications ◽  
Half Angle ◽  
The Impact

A compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is a non-imaging device generally used in PV, thermal, or PV/thermal hybrid systems for the concentration of solar radiation on the target surface. This paper presents the geometric design, statistical modeling, parametric analysis, and geometric optimization of a two-dimensional low concentration symmetric compound parabolic concentrator for potential use in building-integrated and rooftop photovoltaic applications. The CPC was initially designed for a concentration ratio of “2×” and an acceptance half-angle of 30°. A MATLAB code was developed in house to provoke the CPC reflector’s profile. The height, aperture width, and concentration ratios were computed for different acceptance half-angles and receiver widths. The interdependence of optical concentration ratio and acceptance half-angle was demonstrated for a wide span of acceptance half-angles. The impact of the truncation ratio on the geometric parameters was investigated to identify the optimum truncation position. The profile of truncated CPC for different truncation positions was compared with full CPC. A detailed statistical analysis was performed to analyze the synergistic effects of independent design parameters on the responses using the response surface modeling approach. A set of optimized design parameters was obtained by establishing specified optimization criteria. A 50% truncated CPC with an acceptance half-angle of 21.58° and receiver width of 193.98 mm resulted in optimum geometric dimensions.

Synthesis of the internal parallel cam mechanism

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (7) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Nishioka ◽  
T Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Parallel Mechanism ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Cam Mechanism ◽  
Pressure Angle

Parallel cam mechanisms have been studied in different ways. In this paper, a parametric formulation which can cover every configuration of the parallel cam mechanism is derived. As a result of parametric analysis, a new, last mechanism was found. This cam is essentially an internal cam mechanism. Based on the assumption of an equally distributed roller follower, the basic configurations of the mechanism are derived from both the pressure angle and the undercutting constraints. As a result, the possible number of rollers per spider plate is two. Thus the feasible area of the design parameters of the mechanisms are obtained. The advantages of the mechanism over the conventional parallel mechanism are the saving of space and a larger angular stroke of output.

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