scholarly journals Cellulose Nanofibrils and Tubular Halloysite as Enhanced Strength Gelation Agents

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Vinokurov ◽  
Andrei Novikov ◽  
Valentina Rodnova ◽  
Boris Anikushin ◽  
Mikhail Kotelev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Silica Gels ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Anionic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Hydrogels ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Industrial Grade

Silica gels are widely employed in water shutoff services, making them an essential tool in oil well management. Silica nanoparticles may serve as a strengthening additive for polymer hydrogels. In this study, we look at this statement from a different angle: What additives could be used to increase the strength of silica gels? Colloidal silica gels were prepared with various additives, and gel strength was measured by a Veiler–Rebinder apparatus. We found that cellulose nanofibrils considerably increase the gel strength (from 20–25 to 35–40 kPa), which is comparable with the industrial anionic polymer Praestol 2540. Cellulose nanofibrils can be produced from cheap industrial-grade cellulose with low-cost industrial chemicals and could be partially replaced by the even less expensive halloysite nanoclay. Cellulose nanofibrils produced from renewable sources and naturally occurring halloysite nanoclay could be used as complementary reinforcing agents.

An Update on the Use of Alginate in Additive Biofabrication Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1249-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amoljit Singh Gill ◽  
Parneet Kaur Deol ◽  
Indu Pal Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Anionic Polymer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
The Status ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Extrusion Printing

Background: Solid free forming (SFF) technique also called additive manufacturing process is immensely popular for biofabrication owing to its high accuracy, precision and reproducibility. Method: SFF techniques like stereolithography, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling, extrusion printing, and inkjet printing create three dimension (3D) structures by layer by layer processing of the material. To achieve desirable results, selection of the appropriate technique is an important aspect and it is based on the nature of biomaterial or bioink to be processed. Result & Conclusion: Alginate is a commonly employed bioink in biofabrication process, attributable to its nontoxic, biodegradable and biocompatible nature; low cost; and tendency to form hydrogel under mild conditions. Furthermore, control on its rheological properties like viscosity and shear thinning, makes this natural anionic polymer an appropriate candidate for many of the SFF techniques. It is endeavoured in the present review to highlight the status of alginate as bioink in various SFF techniques.

scholarly journals Mendelian randomisation for psychiatry: how does it work, and what can it tell us?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn E. Wootton ◽  
Hannah J. Jones ◽  
Hannah M. Sallis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Randomised Control Trials ◽  
Successful Prevention

AbstractThe successful prevention of mental illness relies upon the identification of causal, modifiable risk factors. However, observational evidence exploring such risk factors often produces contradictory results and randomised control trials are often expensive, time-consuming or unethical to conduct. Mendelian randomisation (MR) is a complementary approach that uses naturally occurring genetic variation to identify possible causal effects between a risk factor and an outcome in a time-efficient and low-cost manner. MR utilises genetic variants as instrumental variables for the risk factor of interest. MR studies are becoming more frequent in the field of psychiatry, warranting a reflection upon both the possibilities and the pitfalls. In this Perspective, we consider several limitations of the MR method that are of particular relevance to psychiatry. We also present new MR methods that have exciting applications to questions of mental illness. While we believe that MR can make an important contribution to the field of psychiatry, we also wish to emphasise the importance of clear causal questions, thorough sensitivity analyses, and triangulation with other forms of evidence.

Interfacial interactions between urea formaldehyde and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) of varying chemical composition and their impact on particle boards manufacture (PBs)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. Iglesias ◽  
Philip S. McMichael ◽  
Osei A. Asafu-Adjaye ◽  
Brian K. Via ◽  
Maria S. Peresin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Interfacial Interactions

Abstract Wood-based panels are commonly used as building materials for interior and exterior purposes. Their production and utilization have increased over the past decades due to the useful properties they present. Adhesive-bonded products make up to 80% of the wood alternatives on the global market, and of that, urea-formaldehyde (UF) makes up approximately 81% of the resins used. Formaldehyde-based resins are used due to their effectiveness and low cost, as well as their ease of application and lack of color. Nevertheless, their main disadvantages are the lack of tackiness and the emission of formaldehyde over time. To improve UF performance, the utilization of microfibrillated cellulose, has been demonstrated to be effective. However, more understanding on the mechanisms of the interactions is of relevant importance. In this work, we studied interfacial interactions between UF with bleached (BCNF) and unbleached (LCNF) cellulose nanofibrils using Quartz Crystal Microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) technique observing the superior performance of lignin-containing CNF. Additionally, the surface free energies were investigated using Contact Angle Measurements (CA) showing a decrease of the values mainly when utilizing LCNF, which was later correlated with the wettability properties of the particle boards (PBs). PBs with different adhesive/CNF formulations were produced showing larger improvements when adding LCNF in terms of modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and internal bonding (IB). To gain a better understanding on the interactions between CNF and UF, CNF was fully characterized in terms of morphology, chemical composition, charge density, as well as thermal and colloidal stability.

Point-of-entry adsorbers for the removal of fumigants

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-120
Author(s):  
Roberto M. Narbaitz ◽  
Frances Z. Parsons ◽  
Tsong-Yih Tzeng
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Adsorption Data

Point-of-entry systems with granular activated carbon filters have been used extensively to provide safe water to rural homes with wells contaminated with synthetic organic chemicals. Because of the low cost of these systems, their design is generally based on the equilibrium column model, the isotherm data from the literature, and a scale-up factor. This paper analyzes the necessary scale-up factors for point-of-entry adsorbers based on fumigant adsorption data gathered through an extensive literature review. The fumigants evaluated are 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, and ethylene dibromide. It was impossible to thoroughly assess the scale-up factors for 1,2-dichloropropane because of the limited data. Column data for the other two fumigants were sufficient to generate column loading lines, which can be used directly without resorting to scale-up factors. Column data showed that the scale-up factors are greatly affected by competitive adsorption with the naturally occurring background organic matter and by preloading of these organic matter. As these phenomena are not well understood, it is presently impossible to accurately predict the appropriate scale-up factors. A recommended design approach is outlined. Key words: adsorption, activated carbon, fumigants, point-of-entry.

scholarly journals Bringing naturally-occurring saturated fatty acids into biomedical research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Xue ◽  
Shuyi Lv ◽  
Chunlei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Heat Of Fusion ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Large Heat ◽  
Solid Liquid

Naturally-occurring saturated fatty acids (NSFAs) have emerged as a class of promising biomaterials due to their low cost, chemical stability, well-defined melting points, large heat of fusion, reversible solid-liquid phase...

scholarly journals Facile and low-cost synthesis of pure hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles from naturally occurring laterites and their superior adsorption capability towards acid-dyes

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
pp. 21249-21257 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. S. N. Dissanayake ◽  
M. M. M. G. P. G. Mantilaka ◽  
T. C. Palihawadana ◽  
G. T. D. Chandrakumara ◽  
R. T. De Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Fe2o3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Hematite Nanoparticles ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Adsorption Capability

High purity hematite nanoparticles have been synthesized by a facile method using naturally occurring laterites for industrial dye effluent treatment applications.

scholarly journals Healthy Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities: A Low-Cost Approach to Facilitating Healthy Aging

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1164-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Masotti ◽  
Robert Fick ◽  
Ana Johnson-Masotti ◽  
Stuart MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Retirement Communities ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
Naturally Occurring

scholarly journals Antiviral and Antinematodal potentials of chitosan: Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 055-059
Author(s):  
Abd El-Aziz Mahmoud Hamdy ◽  
Khalil Mohamed Salah
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

For many years, chemical pesticides have been performed to control different pests and diseases and this may be due to their broad spectrum of action, easy of application and the relatively low cost. But these chemicals have environmental risks, thus alternative control agents are needed. Chitosan is one of the novel suggested solutions to reduce the economic losses associated with chemical pesticides. Chitosan is naturally-occurring compound, as well as safe and biodegradable which obtained from certain natural sources. Chitosan have unique properties which help to control viruses, bacteria, fungi, insects, plant nematodes and other pests locally and systemically.

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