scholarly journals Healthy Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities: A Low-Cost Approach to Facilitating Healthy Aging

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1164-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Masotti ◽  
Robert Fick ◽  
Ana Johnson-Masotti ◽  
Stuart MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Retirement Communities ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
Naturally Occurring

scholarly journals Mendelian randomisation for psychiatry: how does it work, and what can it tell us?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn E. Wootton ◽  
Hannah J. Jones ◽  
Hannah M. Sallis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Randomised Control Trials ◽  
Successful Prevention

AbstractThe successful prevention of mental illness relies upon the identification of causal, modifiable risk factors. However, observational evidence exploring such risk factors often produces contradictory results and randomised control trials are often expensive, time-consuming or unethical to conduct. Mendelian randomisation (MR) is a complementary approach that uses naturally occurring genetic variation to identify possible causal effects between a risk factor and an outcome in a time-efficient and low-cost manner. MR utilises genetic variants as instrumental variables for the risk factor of interest. MR studies are becoming more frequent in the field of psychiatry, warranting a reflection upon both the possibilities and the pitfalls. In this Perspective, we consider several limitations of the MR method that are of particular relevance to psychiatry. We also present new MR methods that have exciting applications to questions of mental illness. While we believe that MR can make an important contribution to the field of psychiatry, we also wish to emphasise the importance of clear causal questions, thorough sensitivity analyses, and triangulation with other forms of evidence.

A simplified low-cost approach to antibiotic resistance profiling for faecal source tracking

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Ebdon ◽  
J.L. Wallis ◽  
H.D. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Source Discrimination ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
Faecal Bacteria

Antibiotic resistance profiling (ARP) is a potentially useful method for distinguishing faecal bacteria according to host source. This phenotypic approach has cost benefits over genotypic methods, but existing protocols are time-consuming and manual data handling is open to human error. A simplified, low-cost approach to the ARP technique was developed that used automated data recording techniques combined with simple statistical analyses to compare isolates of the genus Enterococcus from various faecal sources. An initial battery of 21 antibiotics (at up to four concentrations) was chosen for source discrimination. Images of growth or non-growth in microplate wells were stored as bitmaps and converted to binary data to form a database of known antibiotic resistance profiles. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) showed that the average rate of isolates correctly classified by the database (wastewater vs non-wastewater) was 86%. Once the more discriminating antibiotics and their concentrations had been identified, it was possible to reduce the number of tests from 80 to 18 whilst increasing the number of correctly classified human isolates. ARP could offer a low-cost and rapid means of identifying sources of faecal pollution. As such, the technique may be of particular benefit to developing countries, where water quality may have a significant impact on health and where cost is a major factor when choosing environmental management technology.

scholarly journals Multiscale additive manufacturing of polymers using 3D photo-printable self-assembling ionic liquid monomers

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bineh G. Ndefru ◽  
Bryan S. Ringstrand ◽  
Sokhna I.-Y. Diouf ◽  
Sönke Seifert ◽  
Juan H. Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Nanoscale Features

Combining bottom-up self-assembly with top-down 3D photoprinting affords a low cost approach for the introduction of nanoscale features into a build with low resolution features.

Substrate-Integrated Cavity-Backed Patch Arrays: A Low-Cost Approach for Bandwidth Enhancement

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed H. Awida ◽  
Shady H. Suleiman ◽  
Aly E. Fathy
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Bandwidth Enhancement ◽  
Cost Approach
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