scholarly journals Flexural Properties and Fracture Behavior of CF/PEEK in Orthogonal Building Orientation by FDM: Microstructure and Mechanism

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Zhao ◽  
Li ◽  
Yang ◽  
Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Building Orientation ◽  
Cost Effective Method

Fused deposition modeling possesses great advantages in fabricating high performance composites with controllable structural designs. As such, it has attracted attention from medical, automatic, and aerospace fields. In this paper, the influence of short carbon fibers (SCFs) and the orthogonal building orientation on the flexural properties of printed polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composites are systematically studied. The results show that the addition of SCFs raises the uniform nucleation process of PEEK during 3D printing, decreases the layer-to-layer bonding strength, and greatly changes the fracture mode. The flexural strength of vertically printed PEEK and its CF-reinforced composites show strengths that are as high as molded composites. X-ray micro-computed tomography reveals the microstructure of the printed composites and the transformation of pores during bending tests, which provides evidence for the good mechanical properties of the vertically printed composites. The effect of multi-scale factors on the mechanical properties of the composites, such as crystallization in different positions, layer-by-layer bonding, and porosity, provide a successful interpretation of their fracture modes. This work provides a promising and cost-effective method to fabricate 3D printed composites with tailored, orientation-dependent properties.

scholarly journals Influence of orientation on mechanical properties in fused deposition modelling

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Suzana Kutnjak-Mravlinčić ◽  
Ana Pilipović ◽  
Damir Godec
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Small Series

In the footwear industry, increasing attention is paid to design-shaped heels. But that design involves production of the complicated geometry, personalised heels (i.g. small series), light weight heels and if possible cheap production. Technology that enables and combines that is additive manufacturing (AM). One of AM low budget technology and machine is fused deposition modeling (FDM). In FDM, product is built layer by layer and with different types and density of inside mesh structures which enables complex geometry and low mass. When walking, the heel is loaded from above with compression force of the person's weight, while lateral, heel is loaded with flexural force and impact. Considering the design of the heel itself, it is necessary to orientate the product correctly in the working space of the machine. Orientation further raises the question of mechanical properties on such produced heel. In this paper it is tested flexural properties of two different orientation considering production of the actual heel. Furthermore, the analysis of the processing parameters (layer thickness, infill density and temperature) have been done to determine their influence on the flexural properties in these two orientations.

Influence of Built Orientation on Mechanical Properties in Fused Deposition Modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep V. Raut ◽  
Vijaykumar S. Jatti ◽  
T.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Main Material

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the thirty techniques of rapid prototyping methods that produce prototypes from polymer materials (natural or with different grades). Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is one of the good material among all polymer materials. It is used in the layer by layer manufacturing of the prototype which is in the semi-molten plastic filament form and built up on the platform from bottom to top. In FDM, one of the critical factor is to select the built up orientation of the model since it affects the different areas of the model like main material, support material, built up time, total cost per part and most important the mechanical properties of the part. In view of this, objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the built-up orientation on the mechanical properties and total cost of the FDM parts. Experiments were carried out on STRATASYS FDM type rapid prototyping machine coupled with CATALYST software and ABS as main material. Tensile and Impact specimens were prepared as per the ASTM standard with different built-up orientation and in three geometrical axes. It can be concluded from the experimental analysis that built orientation has significant affect on the tensile, impact and total cost of the FDM parts. These conclusions will help the design engineers to decide on proper build orientation, so that FDM parts can be fabricated with good mechanical properties at minimum manufacturing cost.

FDM Prototype Experimental Research of Processing Parameter Optimization to Achieve Higher Tensile Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 220-221 ◽  
pp. 767-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilmars Brensons ◽  
Svetlana Polukoshko ◽  
Andris Silins ◽  
Natalija Mozga
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Prototype ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Processing Parameter ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Fused Deposition

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of most common ways of rapidly producing a part. Heated material (most commonly – plastic) is used to extrude it through a nozzle and deposit on a surface layer by layer until the part is fully produced. FDM has become one of the most popular in rapid production area due to its low cost, available materials and versatility.Due to fact that part is made layer by layer and each additional layer is deposited on top of a layer that is already a little below material melting point, part maintains different mechanical properties in various directions. These varying mechanical properties affect the part usability in practical applications. Critical point is tensile strength.The objective of this paper is to research optimal processing parameters for FDM prototyping to improve tensile strength. Several rapid prototype models (tensile test samples) with various geometry of longitudinal reinforcement channels were built. As reinforcing material, the epoxy resin was used, because it has higher tensile strength when solid and allows filling channels with various geometry. All made samples were tested for tensile strength. Experiment was carried out to confirm the effectiveness of this approach. From the results, it is found how different amount of epoxy resin affects part tensile strength.

Influence of nozzle temperature and volumetric filling on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PEEK

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Danny Vogel ◽  
Volker Weißmann ◽  
Leo Rührmund ◽  
Harald Hansmann ◽  
Rainer Bader
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Filling Degree ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Nozzle Temperature

Abstract Fused deposition modeling is a layer-by-layer 3D printing technology used to additively manufacture polymers. A major benefit of 3D-printed polymers is the option of tailoring their mechanical properties by varying the process parameters. In addition, the present study investigates the influence of the filling degree (50 % or 100 %) and the nozzle temperature during manufacturing on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) material. PEEK samples were built either compact (filling degree 100 %) or closed-cell porous (filling degree 50 %), using three different nozzle temperatures (390 °C, 430 °C and 470 °C). In static bending tests, the bending properties were evaluated and compared with injection molded PEEK samples. Bending strength and modulus increased up to 21.1 %, when the nozzle temperature was increased and up to 40.8 % when the volumetric filling was altered. The results indicate that nozzle temperature and volumetric filling can be altered to tailor the bending properties of 3D-printed PEEK for particular applications. However, the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed samples determined in the current study could not achieve those of the properties of the injection molded PEEK.

Correlation between production parameters and mechanical properties of ABS plus p430 fused deposition material

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110272
Author(s):  
M Corsi ◽  
S Bagassi ◽  
MC Moruzzi ◽  
L Seccia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Printing Parameters

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), is one of the most popular and widely used Additive Manufacturing filament based technology employing materials such as Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polycarbonate (PC), Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) and Polylactic Acid (PLA). In this technique, the part is built up layer-by-layer, affecting, both the resolution along the z-axis, and the mechanical properties dependent on the mesostructure, controlled by a large amount of production parameters such as layer thickness, raster orientation, number of contour and air gap. When dealing with functional and structural printed parts, a deep understanding of these tunable building parameters and their influence on the mechanical properties is of the utmost importance and over the years many experimental studies have been carried to investigate this need. This study is intended to explore specimens realized through FDM technique with different combinations of printing parameters to analyse their effect on the mechanical properties of ABS Plus p430. To this aim, tensile and compression specimens, had been designed and tested. Sixteen different types of tensile specimen had been realized by varying four different parameters, namely, layer thickness, part interior style, infill orientation and number of contours. Whereas, the number of compression specimens had been limited to four considering the variation of two parameters: layer thickness and part interior style. Three samples for each specimen had been produced in ABS Plus p430 using a Stratasys Fortus 250mc FDM printer and tested with a universal testing machine through tension and compression tests to analyse the correlation between printing parameters and material properties. Test results had led to important conclusions on the consistency and homogeneity of the mechanical properties and on the variation of the material’s performances in accordance with the different combinations of production parameters.

Mechanical properties analysis of polyetherimide parts fabricated by fused deposition modeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenglong Jiang ◽  
Guangxin Liao ◽  
Dingding Xu ◽  
Fenghua Liu ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Storage Modulus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Engineering Plastics ◽  
Molded Parts ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Nozzle Temperature

Polyetherimide (PEI) is a kind of high-performance polymer, which possesses a high glass transition temperature ( Tg), excellent flame retardancy, low smoke generation, and good mechanical properties. In this article, PEI was applied in the fused deposition modeling (FDM)–based 3-D printing for the first time. The entire process from filament extrusion to printing was studied. It was observed that the filament orientation and nozzle temperature were closely related to the mechanical properties of printed samples. When the nozzle temperature is 370°C, the mean tensile strength of FDM printing parts can reach to 104 MPa, which is only 7% lower than that of injection molded parts. It can be seen that the 0° orientation set of samples show the highest storage modulus (2492 MPa) followed by the 45° samples, and the 90° orientation set of samples show the minimum storage modulus (1420 MPa) at room temperature. The above results indicated that this technique allows the production of parts with adequate mechanical performance, which does not need to be restricted to the production of mock-ups and prototypes. Our work broke the limitations of traditional FDM technology and expanded the types of material available for FDM to the high-temperature engineering plastics.

scholarly journals Investigating the influence of infill percentage on the mechanical properties of fused deposition modelled ABS parts

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny Álvarez ◽  
Rodrigo F. Lagos ◽  
Miguel Aizpun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Printing Time

3D printing is a manufacturing process that is usually used for modeling and prototyping. One of the most popular printing techniques is fused deposition modeling (FDM), which is based on adding melted material layer by layer. Although FDM has several advantages with respect to other manufacturing materials, there are several problems that have to be faced. When setting the printing options, several parameters have to be taken into account, such as temperature, speed, infill percentage, etc. Selecting these parameters is often a great challenge for the user, and is generally solved by experience without considering the influence of variations in the parameters on the mechanical properties of the printed parts.This article analyzes the influence of the infill percentage on the mechanical properties of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) printed parts. In order to characterize this influence, test specimens for tensile strength and Charpy tests were printed with a Makerbot Replicator 2X printer, in which the infill percentage was varied but the rest of the printing parameters were kept constant. Three different results were analyzed for these tests: tensile strength, impact resistance, and effective printing time. Results showed that the maximum tensile force (1438N) and tensile stress (34,57MPa) were obtained by using 100% infill. The maximum impact resistance, 1,55J, was also obtained with 100% infill. In terms of effective printing time, results showed that printing with an infill range between 50% and 98% is not recommended, since the effective printing time is higher than with a 100% infill and the tensile strength and impact resistance are smaller. In addition, in comparing the results of our analysis with results from other authors, it can be concluded that the printer type and plastic roll significantly influence the mechanical properties of ABS parts.

Additive manufacturing of shape memory polymers: effects of print orientation and infill percentage on mechanical properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Villacres ◽  
David Nobes ◽  
Cagri Ayranci
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
Fused Deposition

Purpose Material extrusion additive manufacturing, also known as fused deposition modeling, is a manufacturing technique in which objects are built by depositing molten materials layer-by-layer through a nozzle. The use and application of this technique has risen dramatically over the past decade. This paper aims to first, report on the production and characterization of a shape memory polymer material filament that was manufactured to print shape memory polymer objects using material extrusion additive manufacturing. Additionally, it aims to investigate and outline the effects of major printing parameters, such as print orientation and infill percentage, on the elastic and mechanical properties of printed shape memory polymer samples. Design/methodology/approach Infill percentage was tested at three levels, 50, 75 and 100 per cent, while print orientation was tested at four different angles with respect to the longitudinal axis of the specimens at 0°, 30°, 60° and 90°. The properties examined were elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength and maximum strain. Findings Results showed that print angle and infill percentage do have a significant impact on the manufactured test samples. Originality/value Findings can significantly influence the tailored design and manufacturing of smart structures using shape memory polymer and material extrusion additive manufacturing.

Effect of Process Parameters on Compressive Properties of ULTEM 9085 Produced by FDM Process

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aboma Wagari Gebisa ◽  
Hirpa G. Lemu
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Fused Deposition

Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, is a promising digital manufacturing technique that produces parts, layer by layer, by heating, extruding and depositing filaments of thermoplastic polymers. The properties of FDM-produced parts apparently depend on the processing parameters. These processing parameters have conflicting advantages that need to be investigated. This paper investigates the effect of process parameters on the compressive properties of parts produced by the FDM process. The study is carried out on a high performance polymeric material called ULTEM 9085. Full factorial design of experiment is used to analyze the effects of process parameters on the compressive properties of the material. Five parameters: namely, air gap, raster width, raster angle, contour number and contour width, of the FDM machine are considered in the current study. The results show that, with the exception of the raster width, all other considered parameters have significant interaction effect on the compressive strength. For the compressive strain, air gap, contour number and contour width showed substantial interaction effects.

Mechanical Properties of Samples Based on Schwartz-P Minimal Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 1040 ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Balabanov ◽  
Aleksei I. Makogon ◽  
Maxim Yu. Arsentev ◽  
Maxim М. Sychov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Characteristic Size ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Average Curvature

The article presents the results of a study of the physical and mechanical properties of cellular structures fabricated by means of additive manufacturing. The structural elements are repeating in three directions, and have a geometric shape of Schwarz-P surface. Samples in the form of a cube (size 30x30x30 mm) were created by layer-by-layer fusion of thermoplastic polymer on a FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printer. Compression tests of samples with different geometry have shown that with an increase in the characteristic size of a repeating structural element with a decrease in the parameter (t), the strength of the samples increases and is maximal at t = -0.6. According to the calculations performed by the finite element method, this is associated with an increase in the area of ​​the dangerous section. However, specimens with t = 0 have the highest specific strength. This is because the average curvature of products with t = 0 is zero at each point, which contributes to the effective distribution of mechanical stresses in the specimen. When t ≠ 0, the average curvature is constant, but has a non-zero value.

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