scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Roll-to-Roll Printed Air-Gap Touch Sensors

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Lee ◽  
Sangyoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Sacrificial Layer ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Touch Sensor ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Slot Die ◽  
Gap Sensors ◽  
Structural Layer

Although printed electronics technology has been recently employed in the production of various devices, its use for the fabrication of electronic devices with air-gap structures remains challenging. This paper presents a productive roll-to-roll printed electronics method for the fabrication of capacitive touch sensors with air-gap structures. Each layer of the sensor was fabricated by printing or coating. The bottom electrode, and the dielectric and sacrificial layers were roll-to-roll slot-die coated on a flexible substrate. The top electrode was formed by roll-to-roll gravure printing, while the structural layer was formed by spin-coating. In particular, the sacrificial layer was coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and removed in water to form an air-gap. The successful formation of the air-gap was verified by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Electrical characteristics of the air-gap touch sensor samples were analyzed in terms of sensitivity, hysteresis, and repeatability. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can be suitable for the fabrication of air-gap sensors by using the roll-to-roll printed electronics technology.

scholarly journals Cantilever Type Acceleration Sensors Made by Roll-to-Roll Slot-Die Coating

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3748
Author(s):  
Sang Hoon Lee ◽  
Sangyoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sacrificial Layer ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Average Sensitivity ◽  
Slot Die Coating ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Acceleration Sensors ◽  
Slot Die ◽  
Structural Layer

This paper presents the fabrication by means of roll-to-roll slot-die coating and characterization of air gap-based cantilever type capacitive acceleration sensors. As the mass of the sensor moves in the opposite direction of the acceleration, a capacitance change occurs. The sensor is designed to have a six layers structure with an air gap. Fabrication of the air gap and cantilever was enabled by coating and removing water-soluble PVA. The bottom electrode, the dielectric layer, and the sacrificial layer were formed using the roll-to-roll slot-die coating technique. The spacer, the top electrode, and the structural layer were formed by spin coating. Several kinds of experiments were conducted for characterization of the fabricated sensor samples. Experimental results show that accelerations of up to 3.6 g can be sensed with an average sensitivity of 0.00856 %/g.

Precision Gravure Printing of Conductive Ink on Flexible Substrate for Printed Electronics

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deokkyun Yoon ◽  
Seung-Hyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Gravure Printing ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Conductive Line ◽  
Grid Mesh

In attempt to lower the production cost, roll-to-roll printing is gaining attention in electronics industries. Gravure printing, which has been the method of choice in the graphics industry for years thanks to its high resolution and process speed, is utilized to print conductive lines on flexible substrate. The main benefactors of such utilization are touch screen panel, RFID tags, thin film photovoltaics, and printed circuit board industries. The preferred substrate for conductive line printing is polymer. Due to its highly flexible nature, the printed electronics is highly flexible and is expected to create new markets where the rigid silicon and glass based electronics could not. In this work, the effect of gravure cell and trench on printing thin conductive lines as low as 20 μm line width on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate is presented. Various printing orientations including the machine direction, the cross direction, and the 45° grid mesh are used and the respective orientation’s printability is discussed.

scholarly journals Predicting Low Toxicity and Scalable Solvent Systems for High Speed Roll-to-Roll Perovskite Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Swartwout ◽  
Rahul Patidar ◽  
Emma Belliveau ◽  
Benjia Dou ◽  
David Beynon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Slot Die ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Solubility Model ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

This manuscript introduces solvent toxicity in solar perovskite ink chemistries as a major technoeconomic limitation for the growth of the technology. More specifically, the capital and operational cost of handling such toxic chemicals to maintain a safe working environment can lead to significant added costs. As all record power conversion efficiency devices to date have been solution processed, this represents a major challenge for the perovskite optoelectronic field and of printed electronics as a whole. Knowing this limitation, we propose that solvent selections for ink chemistries should be more quantitative and focus on lowering toxicity. To this end, we show that a Hansen solubility model is effective in predicting ink systems using lower toxicity solvents. We also show that inks formed from this method are applicable for high-speed slot-die coating, limiting the need for long anneal times. These methods and results demonstrate a useful framework for quantitatively engineering solvent systems with reduced toxicity while simultaneously maintaining and surpassing performance. It therefore provides a pathway and major step forward towards the commercialization of solution coated perovskite technologies.

scholarly journals Predicting Low Toxicity and Scalable Solvent Systems for High Speed Roll-to-Roll Perovskite Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Swartwout ◽  
Rahul Patidir ◽  
Emma Belliveau ◽  
Benjia Dou ◽  
David Beynon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Slot Die ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Solubility Model ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

This manuscript introduces solvent toxicity in solar perovskite ink chemistries as a major technoeconomic limitation for the growth of the technology. More specifically, the capital and operational cost of handling such toxic chemicals to maintain a safe working environment can lead to significant added costs. As all record power conversion efficiency devices to date have been solution processed, this represents a major challenge for the perovskite optoelectronic field and of printed electronics as a whole. Knowing this limitation, we propose that solvent selections for ink chemistries should be more quantitative and focus on lowering toxicity. To this end, we show that a Hansen solubility model is effective in predicting ink systems using lower toxicity solvents. We also show that inks formed from this method are applicable for high-speed slot-die coating, limiting the need for long anneal times. These methods and results demonstrate a useful framework for quantitatively engineering solvent systems with reduced toxicity while simultaneously maintaining and surpassing performance. It therefore provides a pathway and major step forward towards the commercialization of solution coated perovskite technologies.

scholarly journals Predicting Low Toxicity and Scalable Solvent Systems for High Speed Roll-to-Roll Perovskite Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Swartwout ◽  
Rahul Patidir ◽  
Emma Belliveau ◽  
Benjia Dou ◽  
David Beynon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Slot Die ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Solubility Model ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

This manuscript introduces solvent toxicity in solar perovskite ink chemistries as a major technoeconomic limitation for the growth of the technology. More specifically, the capital and operational cost of handling such toxic chemicals to maintain a safe working environment can lead to significant added costs. As all record power conversion efficiency devices to date have been solution processed, this represents a major challenge for the perovskite optoelectronic field and of printed electronics as a whole. Knowing this limitation, we propose that solvent selections for ink chemistries should be more quantitative and focus on lowering toxicity. To this end, we show that a Hansen solubility model is effective in predicting ink systems using lower toxicity solvents. We also show that inks formed from this method are applicable for high-speed slot-die coating, limiting the need for long anneal times. These methods and results demonstrate a useful framework for quantitatively engineering solvent systems with reduced toxicity while simultaneously maintaining and surpassing performance. It therefore provides a pathway and major step forward towards the commercialization of solution coated perovskite technologies.

Characterization of silver nanoparticle inks toward stable roll-to-roll gravure printing

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minki Lee ◽  
Sajjan Parajuli ◽  
Hyeokgyun Moon ◽  
Ryungeun Song ◽  
Saebom Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Gravure Printing ◽  
Registration Accuracy ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Printing Quality ◽  
Power Law Fluids ◽  
Printed Patterns ◽  
Printing Speed

Abstract The rheological properties of silver inks are analyzed, and the printing results are presented based on the inks and roll-to-roll printing speed. The shear viscosity, shear modulus, and extensional viscosity of the inks are measured using rotational and extensional rheometers. The inks exhibit the shear thinning power law fluids because the concentration of dispersed nanoparticles in the solvent is sufficiently low, which minimizes elasticity. After the inks are printed on a flexible substrate through gravure printing, the optical images, surface profiles, and electric resistances of the printed pattern are obtained. The width and height of the printed pattern change depending on the ink viscosity, whereas the printing speed does not significantly affect the widening. The drag-out tail is reduced at high ink viscosities and fast printing speeds, thereby improving the printed pattern quality in the roll-to-roll process. Based on the results obtained, we suggest ink and printing conditions that result in high printing quality for complicated printings, such as overlay printing registration accuracy, which imposes pattern widening and drag-out tails in printed patterns.

Acoustic characterization of silica nanoparticle-impregnated Kevlar fabric

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110238
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi P Akinmolayan ◽  
James M Manimala
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Silica Nanoparticle ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Residual Porosity ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Acoustic Characterization

Silica nanoparticle-impregnated Kevlar (SNK) fabric has better specific ballistic performance in comparison to its neat counterparts. For multifunctional structural applications using lightweight composites, combining this improved ballistic functionality with an acoustic functionality is desirable. In this study, acoustic characterization of neat and SNK samples is conducted using the normal-incidence impedance tube method. Both the absorption coefficient and transmission loss (TL) are measured in the 60–6000 Hz frequency range. The influence of parameters such as number of layers of neat or treated fabric, percentage by weight of nanoparticle addition, spacing between fabric layers, and residual porosity is examined. It is found that while absorption decreases with an increase in nanoparticle addition for frequencies above about 2500 Hz, increasing the number of layers shifts peak absorption to lower frequencies. By introducing an air-gap behind the fabric layer, dominant low-frequency (1000–3000 Hz) absorption peaks are obtained that correlate well with natural modes of mass-equivalent thin plates. Examining the influence of residual porosity by laminating the SNK samples reveals that it contributes to about 30–50% of the total absorption. Above about 1500 Hz, 3–5 dB of TL increase is obtained for SNK samples vis-à-vis the neat samples. TL is found to increase beyond that of the neat sample above a threshold frequency when an air-gap is introduced between two SNK layers. With an increase in the weight of nanoparticle addition, measured TL tends to be closer to mass law predictions. This study demonstrates that SNK fabric could provide improved acoustic performance in addition to its ballistic capabilities, making it suitable for multifunctional applications and could form the basis for the development of simplified models to predict the structural acoustic response of such nanoparticle–fabric composites.

Register control of roll-to-roll gravure-offset printing equipment considering time difference between measurement and actuation

2012 ◽  
Vol 226 (11) ◽  
pp. 2726-2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Hwan Kim ◽  
Ha-Il You ◽  
Seung-Hyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
The Web

The manufacture of printed electronics by roll-to-roll printing machine requires more accurate register performance than conventional media printing technology. Moreover, high drying temperature and long drying time to sinter the inks can induce the substantial changes in the length of the substrate and consequently register errors. Among the roll-to-roll printing methods, the gravure one, despite its relatively fast productivity and fine-line printing capacity, has difficulty in achieving the required register specifications for printed electronics because of the dependence of the register control on web dynamics. This study proposes a roll-to-roll gravure-offset printing equipment, including the register measurement system designed to enhance register performance and the related register control method for the application of printed electronics. Each cylinder constituting the printing unit is driven independently by an individual servomotor. Moreover, the printing patterns of the plate cylinder can move in the axial direction by position control, as well as in the web transport direction by a phase shift of the plate cylinder, without affecting the dynamics of the web. The time difference between the measurement and the actual control action is considered and modeled. The register measurement system, including selections of sensors and marks is also proposed to consider the effect of the time difference. The simulation results and the experiments of the register control are shown to verify the effect of the time difference on the control performances. It is found that a proper estimation of time difference should be obtained in order to guarantee more accurate and stable control performances.

scholarly journals Thermal Characteristics of Plastic Film Tension in Roll-to-Roll Gravure Printed Electronics

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui He ◽  
Shanhui Liu ◽  
Kedian Wang ◽  
Xuesong Mei
Keyword(s):  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Film Tension
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