scholarly journals Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of Sustainable Innovative Materials and Structures

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Ranvijay Kumar ◽  
Ilenia Farina ◽  
Francesco Colangelo ◽  
Luciano Feo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Innovative Materials

This paper highlights the multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) route for manufacturing of innovative materials and structures. Three different recycled thermoplastics, namely acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) (with different Young’s modulus, glass transition temperature, rheological properties), have been selected (as a case study) for multi-material AM. The functional prototypes have been printed on fused deposition modelling (FDM) setup as tensile specimens (as per ASTM D638 type-IV standard) with different combinations of top, middle, and bottom layers (of ABS/PLA/HIPS), at different printing speed and infill percentage density. The specimens were subjected to thermal (glass transition temperature and heat capacity) and mechanical testing (peak load, peak strength, peak elongation, percentage elongation at peak, and Young’s modulus) to ascertain their suitability in load-bearing structures, and the fabrication of functional prototypes of mechanical meta-materials. The results have been supported by photomicrographs to observe the microstructure of the analyzed multi-materials.

Development of Young's modulus of natural illitic clay during the heating and cooling stages of firing

Clay Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Húlan ◽  
Igor Štubňa ◽  
Andrei Shishkin ◽  
Jurijs Ozolins ◽  
Štefan Csáki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients

AbstractIllitic clay from the locality of Liepa, Latvia, was investigated using dynamic thermomechanical analysis during the heating and cooling stages of firing. Differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, thermodilatometry, X-ray diffraction and porosimetry were also performed to shed light on the processes influencing the elastic properties of clay. The increase in the Young's modulus (YM) at low temperatures was linked to the release of physically bound water. Above 850°C, the bulk density and YM both increased as a consequence of sintering. The YM was more sensitive to the progress of sintering compared to dimension changes. The YM values continued to increase during cooling until the glass-transition temperature was reached. At this temperature, the first microcracks caused by the differences in thermal expansion coefficients of the present phases were expected to appear. The YM showed a sharp V-shaped minimum at the β → α transition of quartz, which was a result of alternation of the mechanical radial stresses around the quartz grains. When the transition of quartz was completed, the YM continued to decrease because microcracks were still being created at the boundaries between the different phases. The decrease of the YM during cooling from the glass-transition temperature down to room temperature was ~50% for all of the firing temperatures and isothermal periods applied.

scholarly journals The Mechanical Properties of PVC Nanofiber Mats Obtained by Electrospinning

Fibers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Quoc Pham Le ◽  
Mayya V. Uspenskaya ◽  
Roman O. Olekhnovich ◽  
Mikhail A. Baranov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Nanofiber Mats

This paper investigates the mechanical properties of oriented polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nanofiber mats, which, were obtained by electrospinning a PVC solution. PVC was dissolved in a solvent mixture of tetrahydrofuran/dimethylformamide. Electrospinning parameters used in our work were, voltage 20 kV; flow rate 0.5 mL/h; the distance between the syringe tip and collector was 15 cm. The rotating speed of the drum collector was varied from 500 to 2500 rpm with a range of 500 rpm. Nanofiber mats were characterized by scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry methods. The mechanical properties of PVC nanofiber mats, such as tensile strength, Young’s modulus, thermal degradation, and glass transition temperature were also analyzed. It was shown that, by increasing the collector’s rotation speed from 0 (flat plate collector) to 2500 rpm (drum collector), the average diameter of PVC nanofibers decreased from 313 ± 52 to 229 ± 47 nm. At the same time, it was observed that the mechanical properties of the resulting nanofiber mats were improved: tensile strength increased from 2.2 ± 0.2 MPa to 9.1 ± 0.3 MPa, Young’s modulus from 53 ± 14 to 308 ± 19 MPa. Thermogravimetric analysis measurements showed that there was no difference in the process of thermal degradation of nanofiber mats and PVC powders. On the other hand, the glass transition temperature of nanofiber mats and powders did show different values, such values were 77.5 °C and 83.2 °C, respectively.

scholarly journals Advanced Infill Designs for 3D Printed Shape-Memory Components

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Daniel Koske ◽  
Andrea Ehrmann
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Other Hand

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most often used polymers in 3D printing based on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. On the other hand, PLA is also a shape memory polymer (SMP) with a relatively low glass transition temperature of ~60 °C, depending on the exact material composition. This enables, on the one hand, so-called 4D printing, i.e., printing flat objects which are deformed afterwards by heating them above the glass transition temperature, shaping them and cooling them down in the desired shape. On the other hand, objects from PLA which have been erroneously deformed, e.g., bumpers during an accident, can recover their original shape to a certain amount, depending on the applied temperature, the number of deformation cycles, and especially on the number of broken connections inside the object. Here, we report on an extension of a previous study, investigating optimized infill designs which avoid breaking in 3-point bending tests and thus allow for multiple repeated destruction and recovery cycles with only a small loss in maximum force at a certain deflection.

Study of Printing Orientation on Mechanical Properties in Additive Manufacturing Process

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Honarmandi ◽  
Hongbin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Build Orientation ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is an innovative technology that creates parts by adding small portions of materials layer by layer, which frees designers to create parts that were not possible to manufacture with subtractive manufacturing processes previously. This led to wide-spread popularity of 3D-printing technology. In this technology. fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most affordable one in the market now. Therefore, it is vital to understand how the print orientation, which can be customized very easily, affects the mechanical properties of the prints to maximize the strength of the product. This paper aims to present the methodology and results of the experimental characterization of the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 3D-printed part. Tensile characterization of ABS was performed to analyze anisotropic nature of 3D-printed parts caused by its unique manufacturing process. Specimens were printed with six different configurations: four raster ([45/−45], [30/−60], [15/−75] and [0/90]) and three build orientations (0 or flat, 45, and 90 degrees with respect to the build plate, all printed in [45/−45] raster orientation). Dogbone tensile specimens were printed and pulled using the tensile test machine. The young’s modulus, yield strength, ultimate strength, strain at failure, breaking strength were found for each configuration. As the build orientation angle increased and the raster orientation goes from [45/−45] to [0/90], mechanical properties decreased steadily except the Young’s modulus. For build orientation, Young’s modulus decreased first then increased as angle increased, and for the raster orientation, there was no statistically significant difference as raster changed from [45/−45] to [0/90]. Overall, [45/−45] flat configuration is the strongest and the most stable configuration.

scholarly journals Anisotropic mechanical properties of fused deposition modeled parts fabricated by using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksym Rybachuk ◽  
Charlène Alice Mauger ◽  
Thomas Fiedler ◽  
Andreas Öchsner
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Anisotropic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract The anisotropic mechanical properties of parts that are fabricated using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer relative to part-built orientation employing the fused deposition modelling process are reported in this work. ABSplus-P430 polymer was used to investigate the effects of infill orientation on the parts’ mechanical properties under tensile and compression loading. Results revealed that infill orientation strongly affected the tensile properties of fabricated ABS samples. Specifically, the values for Young’s modulus ranged from ~1.5 to ~2.1 GPa, ultimate tensile strength from ~12.0 to ~22.0 MPa, yield strength from ~1.0 to ~21.0 MPa, and elongation-at-break from ~0.2 to ~4.8% for different infill orientations. Samples with infill orientation aligned to the vertical (i.e. Z-) axis displayed the highest values relative to all other infill orientations investigated. Mechanical properties anisotropy was lower for parts under compressive loading, such that the Young’s modulus, ultimate compressive and yield strength were weakly correlated with infill orientation apart from samples whose built orientation was aligned at 45° to the vertical Z-axis. The latter samples displayed inferior mechanical properties under all compressive tests. The effects of sample gauge thickness on tensile properties and ABS sample micro- and bulk- hardness with respect to infill orientation are also discussed.

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