scholarly journals Application of Industrially Produced Chitosan in the Surface Treatment of Fibre-Based Material: Effect of Drying Method and Number of Coating Layers on Mechanical and Barrier Properties

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Kopacic ◽  
Andrea Walzl ◽  
Ulrich Hirn ◽  
Armin Zankel ◽  
Rudolf Kniely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Burst Strength ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Hydrophilic Character ◽  
Coating Layers ◽  
Lower Contact ◽  
Drying Regime

Chitosan is a versatile biopolymer with many interesting functionalities. Its effects on the barrier and mechanical properties of single- or double-coated fibre-based packaging papers in dependence on the applied drying regime were successfully tested. Our investigations revealed chitosan to be a highly robust biopolymer, since the different drying regimes did not alter its contribution to the development of strength and barrier properties of the coated packaging papers. These properties showed a stronger influence of the applied coat weights than of the different drying regimes. The effect of chitosan coatings were quantified by measuring tensile strength (TS), burst strength (BS) and tensile energy absorption (TEA). These revealed that TS, BS and TEA of the coated papers increased significantly. Moreover, the chitosan-coated papers were less permeable against water vapor and air. High grease resistance was observed for double-coated papers, irrespective of the drying regimes. The coated paper surface showed a more hydrophilic character, resulting in lower contact angles and higher water absorption properties. In this study, industrially produced chitosan has been proven to be a renewable, robust biopolymer that can be utilized as an additive to increase strength and the barrier properties of fibre-based materials.

scholarly journals Effect of Overlapping Eco-Friendly Cellulose Nanofibrils and Nanoclay Layers on Mechanical and Barrier Properties of Spray-Coated Papers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza Cafalchio de Oliveira ◽  
Seyedmohammad Mirmehdi ◽  
Mário Vanoli Scatolino ◽  
Mario Guimarães Júnior ◽  
Anand Ramesh Sanadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Lower Contact

Abstract This work proposes to evaluate the effect of spray-coating in papers using eco-friendly cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and nanoclay (NC) on mechanical and barrier properties for application as reinforced bags. Sack kraft papers of 60 g m-² (C60) were coated with CNFs + CNFs/NC in 4 layers (L5), 40 g m-² of CNFs + CNFs/NC in 3 layers (L4), 30 g m-² with CNFs/NC in 2 layers (L3) and 10 g m-² of CNFs in 1 layer (L2), and compared to uncoated sack kraft papers with basis weight of 60 g m-² (C60), 80 g m-² (C80) and 120 g m-² (C120). The coated papers L2; L3; L4 and L5 obtained a decrease in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 3.5%; 17%; 14% and 14%, respectively, when compared to C60. Comparing L2 and L3, CNF layer induced lower contact angles on the coated paper than CNF/NC layer. When compared coated papers with C120, it was observed an increase of around 66% in tensile strength for L2, around 44% for L3, and decrease of ~ 18% for L5 coated papers. L4 achieved the same tensile strength (when divided by basis weight) than C120. L2 and L3 coated papers led to the highest values of Young’s modulus, with increase of 56% and 38%, respectively, when compared to C60. Spray-coating in the present conditions improved the mechanical and barrier properties of the coated papers, being a possible alternative to produce papers with lower basis weight and using renewable raw materials.

Cracking at the fold in double layer coated paper: the influence of latex and starch composition

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
SEYYED MOHAMMAD HASHEMI NAJAFI ◽  
DOUGLAS BOUSFIELD, ◽  
MEHDI TAJVIDI
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Coating Layers ◽  
Scanned Images ◽  
Packaging Paper

Cracking at the fold of publication and packaging paper grades is a serious problem that can lead to rejection of product. Recent work has revealed some basic mechanisms and the influence of various parameters on the extent of crack area, but no studies are reported using coating layers with known mechanical properties, especially for double-coated systems. In this study, coating layers with different and known mechanical properties were used to characterize crack formation during folding. The coating formulations were applied on two different basis weight papers, and the coated papers were folded. The binder systems in these formulations were different combinations of a styrene-butadiene latex and mixtures of latex and starch for two different pigment volume concentrations (PVC). Both types of papers were coated with single and double layers. The folded area was scanned with a high-resolution scanner while the samples were kept at their folded angle. The scanned images were analyzed within a constant area. The crack areas were reported for different types of papers, binder system and PVC values. As PVC, starch content, and paper basis weight increased, the crack area increased. Double layer coated papers with high PVC and high starch content at the top layer had more cracks in comparison with a single layer coated paper, but when the PVC of the top layer was low, cracking area decreased. No measurable cracking was observed when the top layer was formulated with a 100% latex layer.

Effect of overlapping cellulose nanofibrils and nanoclay layers on mechanical and barrier properties of spray-coated papers

Cellulose ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza Cafalchio de Oliveira ◽  
Seyedmohammad Mirmehdi ◽  
Mário Vanoli Scatolino ◽  
Mario Guimarães Júnior ◽  
Anand Ramesh Sanadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Coated Papers

scholarly journals Enhanced Abrasion Resistance of Coated Particleboard Pre-Treated with Atmospheric Plasma

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Jure Žigon ◽  
Sebastian Dahle ◽  
Marko Petrič ◽  
Matjaž Pavlič
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
Coating Application ◽  
Applied Coating ◽  
Floating Electrode ◽  
Lower Contact

This study aims to investigate the influence of atmospheric plasma treatment on the abrasion resistance of particleboards, as an example of a wood-based material, coated with a waterborne finish. The treatment of the substrate, prior to coating application, using a floating-electrode dielectric barrier discharge (FE-DBD) plasma, resulted in an enhanced abrasion resistance of the coated particleboards in comparison to the untreated ones during the abrasion test with a duration of 200 revolutions. This finding was related to lower contact angles of water and coating after treatment with plasma and greater hardness of the coating on the treated substrates. The micrographs of the sample cross sections recorded with scanning electron microscope showed differences in the amounts of remained coating on the abraded areas. Investigation with attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that treatment of the substrate with plasma did not affect the chemical composition nor the curing and structure of the later applied coating. Further studies should be performed to determine the resistance properties of such surface systems to other impacts.

Influence of Citric Acid and Curing Time on Water Uptake

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohibatul Muizzah Mohamad Izhar ◽  
Ku Zilati Ku Shaari ◽  
Zakaria Man ◽  
Yon Norasyikin Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
High Water ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Hydrophilic Character ◽  
Starch Films

Starch is highly promising biopolymer for the production of packaging material since it gives films a good tensile and gas barrier properties. However, non-plasticized starch films are brittle and their hydrophilic character results in poor moisture barrier properties and high water sensitivity. In order to improve films formation and material properties of starch, plasticization and chemical modification such as cross-linking of the starch is required. The cross-linking reaction able to improve thermal stability, tensile strength and decreased the dissolution of starch films in water and formic acid. From the study, the percentage of water uptake reduced when the blending ratio of citric acid increased.The percentage of water uptake highly affected by curing time compared to blending ratio. Increasing the curing time from 1 hour to 2 hour significantly reduced the percentage of water uptake. At 4 hour curing time, the percentage water uptake reached equilibrium faster than 3 hour curing time. This shows that more citric acid molecules were chemically bonded with the starch chains, resulting in higher cross link degree and thus, reduced the percentage of water uptake.

Development of Grease Resistant Packaging Paper Using Cellulose Nanocrystals and Sodium Alginate

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanyanutch Setajit ◽  
Chutima Kongvarhodom ◽  
Huining Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Paper Copy ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Packaging Paper ◽  
Coating Weight

A biodegradable packaging paper with excellent grease resistance was produced using cellulose nanocrystals and sodium alginate. This study aims to reduce the porosity of paper by filling the pores with cellulose nanocrystals and using sodium alginate as a binder. Different types of papers, including filter paper, copy paper, and supercalendered paper, were used. Pure cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanocrystals/sodium alginate solutions at different concentrations and ratios (2:8, 5:5, and 9:1 by weight ratio) were applied to papers by coating and impregnation techniques. The resulting papers were then characterized with atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy for the surface morphology. The grease barrier and the mechanical property were investigated in accordance with TAPPI standards. The results demonstrated that the copy paper coated with 2:8 of cellulose nanocrystals/sodium alginate showed excellent grease barrier properties. Within 48 h of the test period for grease to penetrate the coated paper, almost 100% of the grease barrier was achieved when the coating weight was set at 4 g/m2. The roughness of the paper surface significantly decreased, thereby resisting the penetration of oil from one side to another. Moreover, the mechanical property of both cellulose nanocrystals- and cellulose nanocrystals/sodium alginate-coated papers was improved due to the addition of cellulose nanocrystals as a reinforced filler.

scholarly journals The production of flame retardant paper with DOPO

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Birtane ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Flame Retardant Property ◽  
Paper Coatings ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Charring Agent ◽  
Coating Formulation ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardants

Flame retardant property to paper increases the use of paper and the value of paper products. The flame retardant property was achieved by the addition of an organophosphorus agent to the paper. A great deal of research has been done on 9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) derivatives as flame retardants. To apply the flame retardant property in condensed phase, DOPO derivative materials are generally used as an acid source for intumescent flame retardants to promote dehydration and carbonization of the charring agent to form a continuous layer of carbon. In this study, In order to prepare a flame retardant paper coating, DOPO derivative was synthesized with 3-aminophenyl sulfone, and benzaldehyde reaction and the chemical structure of DOPO is illuminated by ATR-FTIR then paper was coating with a flame retardant coating formulation ingredient with DOPO. The paper’s properties were investigated. Surface energy of coated papers and contact angles were determined with goniometer. Printability parameters such as color, gloss, surface tension were examined. The results the study DOPO added paper coatings improve the paper flame retardancy.

scholarly journals Chitosan Solution Containing Zein and Essential Oil as Bio Based Coating on Packaging Paper

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urška Vrabič Brodnjak ◽  
Katarina Tihole
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Coating Solution ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Rosemary Oil ◽  
Packaging Paper

Modifications of the packaging paper surface play an important role in a variety of industries, especially in the food sector. Uncoated paper has poor water and oil barrier properties due to its porous structure. In this study, packaging paper was successfully coated with six different coating solutions containing combinations of chitosan, zein and rosemary essential oil. The chitosan and zein were actually coated in two layers; the mixed chitosan–rosemary oil and the mixed zein–rosemary oil were each applied as one layer to the paper. The results showed increased oil barrier properties in the papers coated with mixed zein–rosemary oil and reduced water permeability in the papers coated with the chitosan–rosemary oil coating solution. The result of this two-layer coating showed excellent water (Cobb60 value of 2.18 g/m2) and oil barrier properties. All the coated papers showed a high thermal stability, especially those coated with chitosan, zein and rosemary oil layer by layer. Scanning electron microscopy was used to verify the surface differences of the coated papers, such as the closed structure, pores and smoother surface, especially in the layer-wise coated samples. Due to their good mechanical and chemical properties, coated papers with rosemary oil can be used in many applications, possibly also in the field of repellents.

Changes with aging in the surface hydrophobicity of coated paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
CECILIA LIDENMARK ◽  
SVEN FORSBERG ◽  
MAGNUS NORGREN ◽  
HÅKAN EDLUND ◽  
OLA KARLSSON
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Base Stock ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Dependent Behavior

Time-dependent changes in the surface properties of coated papers were studied as the evolution of surface hydrophobicity of laboratory and commercially coated papers. We measured the apparent contact angles on the papers during several weeks post-production. Hydrophobicity upon aging increased for all samples made from traditional coating colors on mechanical base stock and on base stock made from cotton linters. Accelerated aging by heat treatment intensified the increase of the apparent contact angles and accelerated the time-dependent behavior. A key mechanism in these changes may be the spreading of latex particles in a coating.

scholarly journals Preparation and Physicochemical Properties of Blend Films of Feather Keratin and Poly(vinyl alcohol) Compatibilized by Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunjun Chen ◽  
Shufang Wu ◽  
Minghao Yi ◽  
Jianfang Ge ◽  
Guoqiang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Oxygen Barrier ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Feather Keratin

Blend films of feather keratin (FK) and synthetic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) that were compatibilized by tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) were successfully prepared by a solution-casting method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that a phase separation occurred in the FK/PVA/Tris blended system. Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the main interactions between the three components were hydrogen bonds. In addition, X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the FK/PVA/Tris blend films were partially crystalline. The barrier properties, mechanical properties, and contact angles of the FK/PVA/Tris films were investigated to determine the effects of the PVA and Tris concentrations. More specifically, upon increasing the PVA content, the elongation at break, the hydrophilicity, and the oxygen barrier properties were enhanced. However, at a constant PVA content, an increase in the Tris content caused the oxygen permeability and the contact angle to decrease, while the tensile strength, elongation at break, and oxygen barrier properties were enhanced. These results indicated that the mechanical properties and gas resistance of the FK/PVA/Tris blend films could be successfully improved using the method described herein, confirming that this route provided a convenient and promising means to prepare FK plastics for practical applications.

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