scholarly journals The Influence of Environmental Features on the Morphometric Variation in Mauritia flexuosa L.f. Fruits and Seeds

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Nilo L. Sander ◽  
Carolina J. da Silva ◽  
Aline V. M. Duarte ◽  
Bruno W. Zago ◽  
Carla Galbiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Sequential Method ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fresh Pulp

The environmental heterogeneity may reflect the different morphological and phenotypic traits of individuals belonging to a single species. We used 14 morphological traits of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. to understanding the relation between environment and phenotypic traits. Twenty-five fruits were collected from each of the 10 individuals sampled in each study site: Chapada dos Guimarães (CG), Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade (VB), and Alta Floresta (AF). We analyzed the genetic divergence, using the standardized Euclidean distance, the sequential method of Tocher, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), and the projection of the distances onto 2D plane, and calculated the relative importance of the traits evaluated. The analysis showed the partition of individuals into three main groups: Two groups comprising the majority of individuals. Fresh fruit weight, pulp rate, fresh pulp weight, and moisture rate were the traits that most helped explaining the difference between materials. The results shown in the current study evidenced the influence of these three different environments on the biometric traits of M. flexuosa. Such influence has led to the formation of Alta Floresta and Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade individuals in different groups, whereas the Chapada dos Guimarães individuals were able to permeate the two other groups, although they showed stronger tendency to group with individuals from Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT AMONG TALL COCONUT PALM

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAMILA MARCELINO BRITO SOBRAL ◽  
MANOEL ABÍLIO DE QUEIROZ ◽  
CARLOS ALBERTO DA SILVA LEDO ◽  
CARINA MENDES LOIOLA ◽  
JÉSSICA BARROS ANDRADE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
West African ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Diversity Assessment

ABSTRACT The tall coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) has great socioeconomic importance in Brazil and was first introduced on the coast of the north-eastern region, where it has been exploited in a semi-extractivist manner. The goal of this study was to quantify the genetic divergence between accessions introduced and preserved at the International Coconut Genebank for Latin America and the Caribbean, estimate the efficiency of descriptors used in the discrimination of the accessions, and indicate the essential descriptors for the activities of characterisation and evaluation. The accessions used were: Polynesia Tall; Tonga Tall; West African Tall; Rennel Tall; Rotuma Tall; Vanuatu Tall; Malayan Tall and Brazilian Tall Praia-do-Forte. Thirty-five quantitative descriptors recommended for the species were used. Genetic divergence was estimated by the Mahalanobis’s generalised distance and the cluster analysis was performed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The relative importance of the descriptors was measured according to Singh and Jolliffe’s methods, and the variables were selected taking into consideration the matching information in the two methods, eliminating those that were discarded in the two procedures. The agronomic characteristics indicated that the first canonical variable explained 90.25% of total variance. The most efficient descriptors for detecting the genetic divergence were: fruit equatorial circumference; nut polar and equatorial circumference; quantity of liquid endosperm; total fruit weight; nut weight; stem height; girth of stem at 1,5m height; number of leaflets; and number of bunches. The most dissimilar accessions according to the agronomic characteristics were Rotuma Tall and West African Tall, which can be primarily indicated as genitors for the formation of segregating populations in breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Uncovering the genetic diversity of yams (Dioscorea spp.) in China by combining phenotypic trait and molecular marker analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianxu Cao ◽  
Jingyu Sun ◽  
Nan Shan ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Putao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Srap Marker ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Pair Group

China is one of the native places of yams with abundant representative local varieties. However, the genetic differences between these local varieties remains unclear, thus considerably inhibiting their utilization and development. In this study, 26 phenotypic traits of 112 accessions from 21 provinces in China were evaluated, and 24 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 29 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used for the genetic diversity analysis. A total of 56 variations of 20 quality traits were detected in 112 accessions, and the most diverse phenotypic trait was stem color. Meanwhile, seven principal components were obtained from 26 phenotypic traits, with a cumulative contribution rate of 69.39%, and all the accessions were divided into six groups by clustering the phenotypic traits. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means and principal coordinate analysis based on SSR-SRAP marker data showed that 112 accessions were also divided into six groups, similar to the result of phenotypic traits but with a slight difference among few accessions. Results of genetic structure analysis showed that 112 accessions could be divided into two groups; one group composed of the accessions of D. opposita, the most abundant resource in China, and the other group was a collection of the other accessions. In addition, the analysis of the origin and genetic relationship of yam also indicated that the specie of D. opposita may have originated in China. These results clarified the genetic differences in yam in China, thereby providing a basis for the identification, evaluation, and conservation of yam resource.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Immunoglobulin G Response toHelicobacter pylori Measured by the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Averages

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Mayo ◽  
Stefano Pretolani ◽  
Giovanni Gasbarrini ◽  
Giancarlo Ghironzi ◽  
Francis Megraud
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Dice Coefficient ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

ABSTRACT The heterogeneity of the immune response to Helicobacter pylori has always been noticed but has never been evaluated by obtaining a quantitative measure. For this purpose, sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 207 positive serum specimens were subsequently tested by immunoblotting. The presence or absence of six specific bands was noted. The homology of the different profiles of bands was measured by calculating the Dice coefficient, and a dendrogram was constructed. Thirty-four profiles were found, with each profile containing from 1 to 43 serum specimens. At a level of 72% similarity, 115 of the serum specimens studied fell into eight profiles. At a level of 48% similarity, 186 of the serum specimens studied fell into 22 profiles. The difference in immunoblot profiles was probably linked to the host immune response, but infection with strains carrying different antigens cannot be ruled out.

scholarly journals Analysis of Genetic Relatedness of Dieffenbachia Cultivars Using AFLP Markers

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Richard J. Henny ◽  
David J. Norman ◽  
Pachanoor S. Devanand ◽  
Chih-Cheng T. Chao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Somaclonal Variants ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Primer Sets

Dieffenbachia Schott is an important ornamental foliage plant genus. A total of 30 species has been recognized, but most cultivars come from or are related to a single species, D. maculata (Lodd.) G. Don. At least 11 of the cultivars are sports or somaclonal variants. As a result, the potential lack of genetic diversity in cultivated Dieffenbachia has become a concern. However, no research has been conducted to determine the genetic relatedness of the cultivars. This study analyzed the genetic similarity of 42 Dieffenbachia cultivars using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Six primer sets, selected from an initial screening of 48, generated a total of 453 scorable AFLP fragments of which 323 (71%) are polymorphic. All cultivars were clearly differentiated by their AFLP fingerprints. A dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic averages, and principal coordinated analysis was carried out to show multiple dimensions of the distribution of the cultivars. The 42 cultivars were divided into three clusters; clusters I and II comprise 18 and 23 cultivars, respectively. Jaccard's similarity coefficients for cultivars in the clusters I and II varied from 0.44 to 0.95 and 0.41 to 0.87, respectively. These results indicate that broadening the genetic variability in the Dieffenbachia gene pool is needed, but the genetic similarity of many cultivars is not as close as previously thought. Additionally, Jaccard's similarity coefficients between most sports or somaclonal variants and their parents were 0.73 or lower, suggesting that accumulation of somatic mutations through tissue culture may play a role in the increased variation between some sports or variants and their parents.

Relationship between total plasma homocysteine and the risk of aneurysms – a meta-analysis

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hanji Zhang ◽  
Dexin Yin ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yezhou Li ◽  
Dejiang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Participants

Summary: Our meta-analysis focused on the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the incidence of aneurysms and looked at the relationship between smoking, hypertension and aneurysms. A systematic literature search of Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase databases (up to March 31, 2020) resulted in the identification of 19 studies, including 2,629 aneurysm patients and 6,497 healthy participants. Combined analysis of the included studies showed that number of smoking, hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in aneurysm patients was higher than that in the control groups, and the total plasma Hcy level in aneurysm patients was also higher. These findings suggest that smoking, hypertension and HHcy may be risk factors for the development and progression of aneurysms. Although the heterogeneity of meta-analysis was significant, it was found that the heterogeneity might come from the difference between race and disease species through subgroup analysis. Large-scale randomized controlled studies of single species and single disease species are needed in the future to supplement the accuracy of the results.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Among Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes by SSR Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6830
Author(s):  
Murat Guney ◽  
Salih Kafkas ◽  
Hakan Keles ◽  
Mozhgan Zarifikhosroshahi ◽  
Muhammet Ali Gundesli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Principal Coordinates

The food needs for increasing population, climatic changes, urbanization and industrialization, along with the destruction of forests, are the main challenges of modern life. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate plant genetic resources in order to cope with these problems. Therefore, in this study, a set of ninety-one walnut (Juglans regia L.) accessions from Central Anatolia region, composed of seventy-four accessions and eight commercial cultivars from Turkey, and nine international reference cultivars, was analyzed using 45 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) markers to reveal the genetic diversity. SSR analysis identified 390 alleles for 91 accessions. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 19 alleles with a mean value of 9 alleles per locus. Genetic dissimilarity coefficients ranged from 0.03 to 0.68. The highest number of alleles was obtained from CUJRA212 locus (Na = 19). The values of polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.42 (JRHR222528) to 0.86 (CUJRA212) with a mean PIC value of 0.68. Genetic distances were estimated according to the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average), Principal Coordinates (PCoA), and the Structure-based clustering. The UPGMA and Structure clustering of the accessions depicted five major clusters supporting the PCoA results. The dendrogram revealed the similarities and dissimilarities among the accessions by identifying five major clusters. Based on this study, SSR analyses indicate that Yozgat province has an important genetic diversity pool and rich genetic variance of walnuts.

scholarly journals Contributions of source population and incubation temperature to phenotypic variation of hatchling Chinese skinks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Liang Lu ◽  
Yan-Fu Qu ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Xiang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hatchling Size

Abstract Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation are viewed as the main factors that result in between-population variation in phenotypic traits, but contributions of these factors to phenotypic variation vary between traits and between species and have only been explored in a few species of reptiles. Here, we incubated eggs of the Chinese skink (Plestiodon chinensis) from 7 geographically separated populations in Southeast China at 3 constant temperatures (24, 28, and 32 °C) to evaluate the combined effects of clutch origin, source population, and incubation temperature on hatchling traits. The relative importance of these factors varied between traits. Nearly all examined hatchling traits, including body mass, snout–vent length (SVL), tail length, head size, limb length, tympanum diameter, and locomotor speed, varied among populations and were affected by incubation temperature. Measures for hatchling size (body mass and SVL) varied considerably among clutches. Source population explained much of the variation in hatchling body mass, whereas incubation temperature explained much of the variation in other examined traits. Our results indicate that between-population variation in hatchling traits of P. chinensis likely reflects the difference in natural incubation conditions and genetic divergence.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Development of LTR Retrotransposon-Based Molecular Markers for the Melilotus Genus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Zifeng Ouyang ◽  
Yimeng Wang ◽  
Tiantian Ma ◽  
Gisele Kanzana ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Method ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposon ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposons ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Upgma Dendrogram ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Melilotus Albus

Melilotus is an important genus of legumes with industrial and medicinal value, partly due to the production of coumarin. To explore the genetic diversity and population structure of Melilotus, 40 accessions were analyzed using long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon-based markers. A total of 585,894,349 bp of LTR retrotransposon sequences, accounting for 55.28% of the Melilotus genome, were identified using bioinformatics tools. A total of 181,040 LTR retrotransposons were identified and classified as Gypsy, Copia, or another type. A total of 350 pairs of primers were designed for assessing polymorphisms in 15 Melilotus albus accessions. Overall, 47 polymorphic primer pairs were screened for their availability and transferability in 18 Melilotus species. All the primer pairs were transferable, and 292 alleles were detected at 47 LTR retrotransposon loci. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.66, which indicated that these markers were highly informative. Based on unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram cluster analysis, the 18 Melilotus species were classified into three clusters. This study provides important data for future breeding programs and for implementing genetic improvements in the Melilotus genus.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analyses Identifies Known and New Markers Responsible of Chicken Plumage Color

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Salvatore Mastrangelo ◽  
Filippo Cendron ◽  
Gianluca Sottile ◽  
Giovanni Niero ◽  
Baldassare Portolano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Plumage Color ◽  
Phenotypic Marker ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Genomic Regions

Through the development of the high-throughput genotyping arrays, molecular markers and genes related to phenotypic traits have been identified in livestock species. In poultry, plumage color is an important qualitative trait that can be used as phenotypic marker for breed identification. In order to assess sources of genetic variation related to the Polverara chicken breed plumage colour (black vs. white), we carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a genome-wide fixation index (FST) scan to uncover the genomic regions involved. A total of 37 animals (17 white and 20 black) were genotyped with the Affymetrix 600 K Chicken single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Array. The combination of results from GWAS and FST revealed a total of 40 significant markers distributed on GGA 01, 03, 08, 12 and 21, and located within or near known genes. In addition to the well-known TYR, other candidate genes have been identified in this study, such as GRM5, RAB38 and NOTCH2. All these genes could explain the difference between the two Polverara breeds. Therefore, this study provides the basis for further investigation of the genetic mechanisms involved in plumage color in chicken.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in table grapes based on RAPD and microsatellite markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1035-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Coelho de Souza Leão ◽  
Sérgio Yoshimitsu Motoike
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Pair Group

The objective of this work was to analyze the genetic diversity of 47 table grape accessions, from the grapevine germplasm bank of Embrapa Semiárido, using 20 RAPD and seven microsatellite markers. Genetic distances between pairs of accessions were obtained based on Jaccard's similarity index for RAPD data and on the arithmetic complement of the weighted index for microsatellite data. The groups were formed according to the Tocher's cluster analysis and to the unweighted pair‑group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The microsatellite markers were more efficient than the RAPD ones in the identification of genetic relationships. Information on the genetic distance, based on molecular characteristics and coupled with the cultivar agronomic performance, allowed for the recommendation of parents for crossings, in order to obtain superior hybrids in segregating populations for the table grape breeding program of Embrapa Semiárido.

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