scholarly journals Genetic Transformation in Peach (Prunus persica L.): Challenges and Ways Forward

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Angela Ricci ◽  
Silvia Sabbadini ◽  
Humberto Prieto ◽  
Isabel MG Padilla ◽  
Chris Dardick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Peach Breeding ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
High Quality Genome

Almost 30 years have passed since the first publication reporting regeneration of transformed peach plants. Nevertheless, the general applicability of genetic transformation of this species has not yet been established. Many strategies have been tested in order to obtain an efficient peach transformation system. Despite the amount of time and the efforts invested, the lack of success has significantly limited the utility of peach as a model genetic system for trees, despite its relatively short generation time; small, high-quality genome; and well-studied genetic resources. Additionally, the absence of efficient genetic transformation protocols precludes the application of many biotechnological tools in peach breeding programs. In this review, we provide an overview of research on regeneration and genetic transformation in this species and summarize novel strategies and procedures aimed at producing transgenic peaches. Promising future approaches to develop a robust peach transformation system are discussed, focusing on the main bottlenecks to success including the low efficiency of A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation, the low level of correspondence between cells competent for transformation and those that have regenerative competence, and the high rate of chimerism in the few shoots that are produced following transformation.

Genetic transformation of Chainia and heat attenuation of its restriction system

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 713-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay M. Chauthaiwale ◽  
Pranav R. Vyas ◽  
Vasanti V. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
Restriction System ◽  
Plasmid Replicon ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Many ◽  
Restriction Modification

A PEG-mediated transformation system for Chainia (NCL 82-5-1) was develolped using a broad host range Streptomyces vector, pIJ702. Protoplasts prepared from Chainia (NCL 82-5-1) were regenerated with 5% efficiency. Transformation of the protoplasts with pIJ702 gave 10–20 transformants/μg DNA. The low efficiency of transformation is attributed to a restriction system in Chainia; this could be inhibited by treating the protoplasts at 42 °C for 10 min just before transformation. The yield of transformants increased 100-fold when pIJ702 was modified by passage in Chainia. Because the plasmid replicon was functional in Chainia and the modified plasmid was stably maintained, the transformation system should be useful for self-cloning in Chainia NCL 82-5-1 of the many commercially important enzymes this strain is known to produce. Key words: Chainia, transformation, Streptomyces, pIJ702 restriction modification, heat attenuation.

scholarly journals Estimated Implementation Costs of DNA-informed Breeding in a Peach Breeding Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth D. Wannemuehler ◽  
Chengyan Yue ◽  
William W. Shane ◽  
R. Karina Gallardo ◽  
Vicki McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Peach Breeding ◽  
Additional Costs

Marker-assisted selection (MAS) use in breeding programs allows for examination of seedlings at an early stage before accumulation of high field costs. However, introducing MAS into a breeding program implies additional costs and uncertainties about effective incorporation. Previous simulations in apple (Malus ×domestica) have shown cost-effective applications of MAS. To further evaluate MAS cost-effectiveness in perennial crops, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis examining MAS in an upper midwestern U.S. peach (Prunus persica) breeding program. Breeding program procedures and associated costs were collected and used as input into spreadsheet-based simulations of the breeding program. Simulations compared a conventional breeding program to MAS with varying cull rates of low, medium, and high at multiple stages in the breeding cycle. Cost-effective MAS implementation was identified at the end of seedling trials with a break-even cull rate of 4%. These results inform breeders of cost-effectiveness of MAS use in a peach breeding program.

scholarly journals Is the Tolerance of Commercial Peach Cultivars to Brown Rot Caused by Monilinia laxa Modulated by its Antioxidant Content?

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 589
Author(s):  
Vitus I. Obi ◽  
Joaquín Montenegro ◽  
Juan J. Barriuso ◽  
Fayza Saidani ◽  
Christophe Aubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Artificial Fruit ◽  
Peach Breeding

Brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp., provokes pre- and post-harvest damage in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), which causes an economic impact in the industry. With a view to breeding for increased tolerance to this disease, a screening test based upon artificial fruit inoculation was validated on several parental lines of a peach breeding program during the two-period harvest. In addition, cultivars with different total phenolic contents were included in the two-year study. All physicochemical fruit traits recorded at harvest showed differences among all cultivars. The antioxidant compound content determined using spectrophotometry (to measure ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity) and UPLC-MS (to measure and identify phenolic compounds) also revealed important differences among all genotypes. The rate of brown rot lesion following fruit inoculation varied widely among cultivars, and it was possible to discriminate between highly and less susceptible cultivars. Cultivars with minimal development of damage were identified as germplasm with the desirable allele combination to increase brown rot tolerance in peach breeding programs. Finally, Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) between pairs of variables were calculated, searching for any biochemical candidate conferring tolerance. The correlation of phytopathological traits with the antioxidant composition, concerning contents of ascorbic, neochlorogenic, and chlorogenic acids and total polyphenols in fruit, is discussed.

scholarly journals Establishment of a Genetic Transformation System in Guanophilic Fungus Amphichorda guana

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Min Liang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Landa Qi ◽  
Guocan Chen ◽  
Lei Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Protoplast Regeneration ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Genetic Transformation System ◽  
Major Facilitator

Fungi from unique environments exhibit special physiological characters and plenty of bioactive natural products. However, the recalcitrant genetics or poor transformation efficiencies prevent scientists from systematically studying molecular biological mechanisms and exploiting their metabolites. In this study, we targeted a guanophilic fungus Amphichorda guana LC5815 and developed a genetic transformation system. We firstly established an efficient protoplast preparing method by conditional optimization of sporulation and protoplast regeneration. The regeneration rate of the protoplast is up to about 34.6% with 0.8 M sucrose as the osmotic pressure stabilizer. To develop the genetic transformation, we used the polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation, and the testing gene AG04914 encoding a major facilitator superfamily transporter was deleted in strain LC5815, which proves the feasibility of this genetic manipulation system. Furthermore, a uridine/uracil auxotrophic strain was created by using a positive screening protocol with 5-fluoroorotic acid as a selective reagent. Finally, the genetic transformation system was successfully established in the guanophilic fungus strain LC5815, which lays the foundation for the molecular genetics research and will facilitate the exploitation of bioactive secondary metabolites in fungi.

Establishment of efficient callus genetic transformation system for Pyrus armeniacaefolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 110429
Author(s):  
Xinhui Wang ◽  
Fengli Zhou ◽  
Jianlong Liu ◽  
Wenqian Liu ◽  
Shaoling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
Genetic Transformation System

scholarly journals Overcoming the Barrier of Low Efficiency during Genetic Transformation of Streptococcus mitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Salvadori ◽  
Roger Junges ◽  
Donald A. Morrison ◽  
Fernanda C. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Streptococcus Mitis ◽  
Low Efficiency

scholarly journals Establishment of a Tractable Genetic Transformation System in Veillonella spp.

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 3488-3491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinman Liu ◽  
Zhoujie Xie ◽  
Justin Merritt ◽  
Fengxia Qi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Shuttle Vector ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genetic Transformation System

ABSTRACTWe have constructed the firstEscherichia coli-Veillonellashuttle vector based on an endogenous plasmid (pVJL1) isolated from a clinicalVeillonellastrain. A highly transformableVeillonellastrain was also identified. Both the shuttle vector and the transformable strain should be valuable tools for futureVeillonellagenetic studies.

scholarly journals Mapping and Characterization QTLs for Phenological Traits in Seven Pedigree-connected Peach Families

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zena Rawandoozi ◽  
Timothy Hartmann ◽  
Silvia Carpenedo ◽  
Ksenija Gasic ◽  
Cassia da Silva Linge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Large Tree ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Functional Alleles ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Marker Identification

Abstract BackgroundEnvironmental adaptation and expanding harvest seasons are primary goals of most peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] breeding programs. Breeding perennial crops is a challenging task due to their long breeding cycles and large tree size. Pedigree-based analysis using pedigreed families followed by haplotype construction creates a platform for QTL and marker identification, validation, and the use of marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.ResultsPhenotypic data of seven F1 low to medium chill full-sib families were collected over two years at two locations and genotyped using the 9K SNP Illumina array. Three QTLs were discovered for bloom date (BD) and mapped on linkage group 1 (LG1) (172 – 182 cM), LG4 (48 – 54 cM), and LG7 (62 – 70 cM), explaining 17-54%, 11-55%, and 11-18% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. The QTL for ripening date (RD) and fruit development period (FDP) on LG4 was co-localized at the central part of LG4 (40 - 46 cM) and explained between 40-75% of the phenotypic variance. Haplotype analyses revealed SNP haplotypes and predictive SNP marker(s) associated with desired QTL alleles and the presence of multiple functional alleles with different effects for a single locus for RD and FDP.ConclusionsA multiple pedigree-linked families approach validated major QTLs for the three key phenological traits which were reported in previous studies across diverse materials, geographical distributions, and QTL mapping methods. Haplotype characterization of these genomic regions differentiates this study from the previous QTL studies. Our results will provide the peach breeder with the haplotypes for three BD QTLs and one RD/FDP QTL for the creation of predictive DNA-based molecular marker tests to select parents and/or seedlings that have desired QTL alleles and cull unwanted genotypes in early seedling stages.

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