scholarly journals Salt Tolerance and Na Allocation in Sorghum bicolor under Variable Soil and Water Salinity

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Calone ◽  
Rabab Sanoubar ◽  
Carla Lambertini ◽  
Maria Speranza ◽  
Livia Vittori Antisari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Sensitive Organ

Salinity is a major constraint for plant growth in world areas exposed to salinization. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a species that has received attention for biomass production in saline areas thanks to drought and salinity tolerance. To improve the knowledge in the mechanisms of salt tolerance and sodium allocation to plant organs, a pot experiment was set up. The experimental design combined three levels of soil salinity (0, 3, and 6 dS m−1) with three levels of water salinity (0, 2–4, and 4–8 dS m−1) and two water regimes: no salt leaching (No SL) and salt leaching (SL). This latter regime was carried out with the same three water salinity levels and resulted in average +81% water supply. High soil salinity associated with high water salinity (HSS-HWS) affected plant growth and final dry weight (DW) to a greater extent in No SL (−87% DW) than SL (−42% DW). Additionally, HSS-HWS determined a stronger decrease in leaf water potential and relative water content under No SL than SL. HSS-HWS with No SL resulted in a higher Na bioaccumulation from soil to plant and in translocation from roots to stem and, finally, leaves, which are the most sensitive organ. Higher water availability (SL), although determining higher salt input when associated with HWS, limited Na bioaccumulation, prevented Na translocation to leaves, and enhanced selective absorption of Ca vs. Na. At plant level, higher Na accumulation was associated with lower Ca and Mg accumulation, especially in No SL. This indicates altered ion homeostasis and cation unbalance.

Chlorobenzoyl Chloride and Methyl Chlorobenzoate as Synthetic Plant Growth Regulators

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-432
Author(s):  
T. J. Allen ◽  
C. L. Leinweber ◽  
D. K. Prince ◽  
D. F. Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Gaseous Phase ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soybean Seedlings

CBC (2,5-dichlorobenzoyl chloride) and MCB (methyl-2,5-dichlorobenzoate) function as plant growth regulators in a gaseous phase or in an aqueous solution. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. ‘Martin’] and soybean [Glycine bicolor (L.) Merr. ‘Lee’] seeds were temporarily inhibited or delayed from germinating, but overcame the inhibition in time so there was no significant reduction in total germination. Seedlings produced from sorghum and soybean seed germinated and grown in aqueous solution of 35 μg/ml CBC or MCB were shorter and weighed less than control seedlings. Soybean seed treated with the vapors of CBC and MCB produced seedlings significantly reduced in dry weight as compared with that of controls. Foliar application of 500 or 1000 μg/ml of CBC significantly reduced the growth of soybean but not sorghum seedlings. Soybean seedlings treated with the vapors or an aqueous solution produced leaflets more narrow and thicker than control seedlings. A lethal response attributable to CBC or MCB was not recorded.

scholarly journals QTL analysis of salt tolerance in Sorghum bicolor during whole‐plant growth stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-465
Author(s):  
Hailian Wang ◽  
Runfeng Wang ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Yanbing Yang ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

Characterization of Mesorhizobium strains for salt tolerance and wilt control: Their potential for plant growth promotion of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Sehrawat ◽  
Aakanksha Khandelwal ◽  
Satyavir Singh Sindhu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Mesorhizobium sp. indirectly promote the growth of plants as a biocontrol agent by inhibiting the growth of pathogens particularly Fusarium wilt of chickpea. Out of 24 Mesorhizobium isolates obtained from chickpea nodules, eight isolates showed antagonistic effect against Fusarium oxysporum. Salinity stress severely affects growth, nodulation and yield of chickpea. Mesorhizobium isolates were tested for their salt tolerance capacity at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8% NaCl concentrations. Only two Mesorhizobium isolates MCA5 and MCA22 were found salt-tolerant upto 8% of salt concentration. Maximum increase (45.5%) in shoot dry weight was observed by inoculation of isolate MCA20 at 40 days of chickpea growth under chillum jar conditions, whereas isolate MCA23 resulted in 166.2% increase in root dry weight. Likewise, 112.6% increase in shoot dry weight was observed on inoculation of MCA14 isolate at 80th day of observation. Further extensive research is required to understand the mechanism of potential Mesorhizobium isolates of chickpea in controlling Fusarium wilt disease and salt tolerance. Selection of mesorhizobia with twin functional traits (plant growth promoting and biocontrol agent) can be exploited as future biofertilizer in chickpea.

scholarly journals Seedling Growth of Wheat as Affected by Soil Salinity

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
E Sultana ◽  
MA Hasan ◽  
S Sikder ◽  
MS Rana ◽  
F Alam
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Salt Tolerance Index

An experiment was conducted to evaluate seedling growth of wheat under saline condition. Thirty wheat genotypes were grown in trays containing different levels of salinity (Control, 6 and 12 dSm-1) during October to December, 2013. Seedling emergence index, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight were found to be reduced with the increases of soil salinity level but the degree of reduction were not similar for all wheat genotypes. Salt tolerance index (STI) also indicated a wide difference in salt tolerance among the wheat genotypes. Sourav, Gourav, Shatabdi, BAW 1185, BAW 1186, BAW 1187, BAW 1189 and BAW 1193 were more salt tolerance while BAW 1177, BAW 1190 and BAW 1198 showed greater salt sensitivity than the other wheat genotypes at 6 dS m-1. However, at 12 dS m-1, Sourav, Gourav, Shatabdi, Sufi and BAW 1184 showed more salt tolerance and BAW 1183, BAW 1190, BAW 1192, BAW 1194 and BAW 97 provided greater stress sensitivity among the testing wheat genotypes. Considering both saline stress Sourav, Gourav and Shatabdi were found to be salt tolerant and BAW 1190 was saline sensitive wheat genotypes.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(2): 53-66

scholarly journals Interactive Impacts of Beneficial Microbes and Si-Zn Nanocomposite on Growth and Productivity of Soybean Subjected to Water Deficit under Salt-Affected Soil Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1396
Author(s):  
Hany S. Osman ◽  
Salah M. Gowayed ◽  
Mohssen Elbagory ◽  
Alaa El-Dein Omara ◽  
Ahmed M. Abd El-Monem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Salt Affected Soil

Water stress or soil salinity is considered the major environmental factor affecting plant growth. When both challenges are present, the soil becomes infertile, limiting plant productivity. In this work a field experiment was conducted during the summer 2019 and 2020 seasons to evaluate whether plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPMs) and nanoparticles (Si-ZnNPs) have the potential to maintain soybean growth, productivity, and seed quality under different watering intervals (every 11 (IW0), 15 (IW1) and 19 (IW2) days) in salt-affected soil. The most extended watering intervals (IW1 and IW2) caused significant increases in Na+ content, and oxidative damage indicators (malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL%)), which led to significant reductions in soybean relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance, leaf K+, photosynthetic pigments, soluble protein. Subsequently reduced the vegetative growth (root length, nodules dry weight, and total leaves area) and seeds yield. However, there was an enhancement in the antioxidants defense system (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant). The individual application of PGPMs or Si-ZnNPs significantly improved leaf K+ content, photosynthetic pigments, RWC, stomatal conductance, total soluble sugars (TSS), CAT, POD, SOD, number of pods plant−1, and seed yield through decreasing the leaf Na+ content, MDA, and EL%. The combined application of PGPMs and Si-ZnNPs minimized the adverse impact of water stress and soil salinity by maximizing the root length, heavier nodules dry weight, leaves area, TSS and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which resulted in higher soybean growth and productivity, which suggests their use under harsh growing conditions.

scholarly journals Detection and Identification of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria from Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Rhizosphere Soil in Northern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-515
Author(s):  
Birhanu Babiye ◽  
Beira H. Meressa ◽  
Taye Tessema
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Sorghum Production ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are the bacteria which subsist inside and outside of the plant tissue and promote plant growth through direct or indirect mechanisms. To increase sorghum production and productivity we utilize herbicides and chemical fertilizers to overcome sorghum production constraints, but those chemicals have negative side effects. The current study was conducted with the objective of isolation of PGPR from sorghum rhizosphere and screening for primary growth related trait, evaluation of potential PGPR at greenhouse for sorghum growth performance and identify through biochemical characterization. So that, in this study a total of 117 plant growth promoting rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of 12 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotype by cultivating using 3 collected soil samples from the northern part of Ethiopia (Amhara and Tigray regional states) in greenhouse. Isolated bacteria were screened for primary growth promoting traits such as phosphate solubilization test, IAA production test at different concentration of L-tryptophan and ammonia production test. From the isolated bacteria 28% solubilized Phosphorous, 78% produced IAA at different concentration of tryptophan. The greatest IAA production was scored at 100 mg/L of tryptophan and the lowest production of IAA was scored at 150 mg/L of tryptophan, 69% of isolated bacteria produced ammonia. Hence, 15% of isolated bacteria fulfilled the above primary screening test and used for further greenhouse evaluation. Accordingly, eighteen bacteria were tested for greenhouse experiment using completely randomized design and all 18 isolates were significantly increased all the agronomic parameter as compared to the control such as plant shoot height, plant shoot fresh and dry weight, root length, root fresh and dry weight at p < 0.01 and P ≤ 0.001. Two isolates G6E29 and G4E19 had significantly increased all the parameter but two isolates (G12E19 and G3E40) were statistically non-significant for root fresh weight compared to the control. These 18 potential isolates were characterized morphologically and biochemically. Eight isolates were grouped at Pseudomonas genera. Six isolates were grouped at Azotobacter and the rest four isolates were grouped at Bacillus genera. Thus, the use of plant growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria could be useful to improve sorghum production and productivity. However, further molecular identification and evaluation of the isolates exhibiting multiple plant growths promoting traits on plant-microbe interaction for economic crop of Ethiopia is needed to uncover their efficacy as effective plant growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria.

scholarly journals Effect of salt tolerant Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth under soil salinity: A comparative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobhit Raj Vimal ◽  
Jaya Gupta ◽  
Jay Shankar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Bacterial Strains

This study was conducted to examine the comparative effect on wheat plant health inoculated with the two different rhizobacterial strains Bacillus sp. (JG3) and Pseudomonas sp. (JG7) under soil salinity. Total seven potential salt tolerant strains were isolated from the saline soils of BBAU-Lucknow. The bacterial strains have been investigated for nitrogen fixatation, phosphate solubilization, ammonia, indole acetic acid and hydrogen cyanide production activities. Based on morphological and biochemical activities the strains JG3 was designated as Bacillus sp. and the strain JG7 was designated as Pseudomonas sp. Both the strains witness positive for the different plant growth promoting traits. In comparison of strain JG7, strain JG3 inoculated wheat seeds enhance plant height by 32.32%, root length by 37.84%, fresh weight by 28.2% and dry weight by 15.51% in FYM amended soils. We observe in this study that seeds treated with Bacillus sp. found significantly effective in plant growth promotion compared to Pseudomonas sp. in saline soil. Based on the comparative experimental study reported herein, it is pointedly observed that the use of salt tolerant PGPRs are effective for facilitating plant health in salt stress environments

Plant growth regulators from species differing in salt tolerance as affected by soil salinity

1976 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ishaq Khan ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan ◽  
Tahira Khizar
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Soil Salinity

scholarly journals Salinity Stress: Toward Sustainable Plant Strategies and Using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Encapsulation for Reducing It

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12758
Author(s):  
Roohallah Saberi Riseh ◽  
Marzieh Ebrahimi-Zarandi ◽  
Elahe Tamanadar ◽  
Mojde Moradi Pour ◽  
Vijay Kumar Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Mobilization ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that influences plant growth and productivity worldwide. Salinity affects plant growth by ionic toxicity, osmotic stress, hormonal imbalance, nutrient mobilization reduction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). To survive in saline soils, plants have developed various physiological and biochemical strategies such as ion exchange, activation of antioxidant enzymes, and hormonal stimulation. In addition to plant adaption mechanisms, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can enhance salt tolerance in plants via ion homeostasis, production of antioxidants, ACC deaminase, phytohormones, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), volatile organic compounds, accumulation of osmolytes, activation of plant antioxidative enzymes, and improvement of nutrients uptake. One of the important issues in microbial biotechnology is establishing a link between the beneficial strains screened in the laboratory with industry and the consumer. Therefore, in the development of biocontrol agents, it is necessary to study the optimization of conditions for mass reproduction and the selection of a suitable carrier for their final formulation. Toward sustainable agriculture, the use of appropriate formulations of bacterial agents as high-performance biofertilizers, including microbial biocapsules, is necessary to improve salt tolerance and crop productivity.

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