scholarly journals Interactive Impacts of Beneficial Microbes and Si-Zn Nanocomposite on Growth and Productivity of Soybean Subjected to Water Deficit under Salt-Affected Soil Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1396
Author(s):  
Hany S. Osman ◽  
Salah M. Gowayed ◽  
Mohssen Elbagory ◽  
Alaa El-Dein Omara ◽  
Ahmed M. Abd El-Monem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Salt Affected Soil

Water stress or soil salinity is considered the major environmental factor affecting plant growth. When both challenges are present, the soil becomes infertile, limiting plant productivity. In this work a field experiment was conducted during the summer 2019 and 2020 seasons to evaluate whether plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPMs) and nanoparticles (Si-ZnNPs) have the potential to maintain soybean growth, productivity, and seed quality under different watering intervals (every 11 (IW0), 15 (IW1) and 19 (IW2) days) in salt-affected soil. The most extended watering intervals (IW1 and IW2) caused significant increases in Na+ content, and oxidative damage indicators (malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL%)), which led to significant reductions in soybean relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance, leaf K+, photosynthetic pigments, soluble protein. Subsequently reduced the vegetative growth (root length, nodules dry weight, and total leaves area) and seeds yield. However, there was an enhancement in the antioxidants defense system (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant). The individual application of PGPMs or Si-ZnNPs significantly improved leaf K+ content, photosynthetic pigments, RWC, stomatal conductance, total soluble sugars (TSS), CAT, POD, SOD, number of pods plant−1, and seed yield through decreasing the leaf Na+ content, MDA, and EL%. The combined application of PGPMs and Si-ZnNPs minimized the adverse impact of water stress and soil salinity by maximizing the root length, heavier nodules dry weight, leaves area, TSS and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which resulted in higher soybean growth and productivity, which suggests their use under harsh growing conditions.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association analysis unveils novel QTLs for seminal root system architecture traits in Ethiopian durum wheat

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Admas Alemu ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
Marco Maccaferri ◽  
Giuseppe Sciara ◽  
Roberto Tuberosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
High Density ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Seminal Roots

Abstract Background Genetic improvement of root system architecture is essential to improve water and nutrient use efficiency of crops or to boost their productivity under stress or non-optimal soil conditions. One hundred ninety-two Ethiopian durum wheat accessions comprising 167 historical landraces and 25 modern cultivars were assembled for GWAS analysis to identify QTLs for root system architecture (RSA) traits and genotyped with a high-density 90 K wheat SNP array by Illumina. Results Using a non-roll, paper-based root phenotyping platform, a total of 2880 seedlings and 14,947 seminal roots were measured at the three-leaf stage to collect data for total root length (TRL), total root number (TRN), root growth angle (RGA), average root length (ARL), bulk root dry weight (RDW), individual root dry weight (IRW), bulk shoot dry weight (SDW), presence of six seminal roots per seedling (RT6) and root shoot ratio (RSR). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between accessions for all RSA traits. Four major (− log10P ≥ 4) and 34 nominal (− log10P ≥ 3) QTLs were identified and grouped in 16 RSA QTL clusters across chromosomes. A higher number of significant RSA QTL were identified on chromosome 4B particularly for root vigor traits (root length, number and/or weight). Conclusions After projecting the identified QTLs on to a high-density tetraploid consensus map along with previously reported RSA QTL in both durum and bread wheat, fourteen nominal QTLs were found to be novel and could potentially be used to tailor RSA in elite lines. The major RGA QTLs on chromosome 6AL detected in the current study and reported in previous studies is a good candidate for cloning the causative underlining sequence and identifying the beneficial haplotypes able to positively affect yield under water- or nutrient-limited conditions.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANT WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid Chachar ◽  
N. A. Chachar ◽  
Q.I. Chachar ◽  
S.M Mujtaba ◽  
G.A Chachar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Climate change is emerging phenomena and causing frequent drought which lead to scaricity of water, which ultimately nagetively affecting wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) yield all around the world. The aim of this study was to explore the potential deought tolerant wheat genotypes for candidate genes exploration. This study was conducted during the year 2014-2015 at Plant Physiology Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tandojam. The six wheat genotypes (cv. MT-1/13, MT-2/13, MT-3/13, MT-4/13 Chakwal-86 and Khirman) were investigated for their response at germination and seedling stage under different water stress treatments (0, -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa) in controlled conditions. The results of experiments with reference to genotypes revealed that genotype Chakwal-86 shows maximum seed germination (82.58 %), while the genotype Khirman shows maximum shoot length  (7.23 cm), root length  (15.1 cm), shoot fresh wt. (5.85 g 10-1shoots), root fresh wt.  (3.45 g 10-1roots), shoot dry wt. (1.33 g 10-1shoots), root dry wt. (0.69 g 10-1roots). Among the genotypes tested Khirman and MT-4/13 are the tolerant genotypes had the potential to perform better under drought conditions, whereas  MT-4/13 and Chakwal-86 were moderate tolerant under water stress conditions. Moreover, the genotypes i.e. MT-1/13 and MT-2/13 are the sensitive genotypes under drought environment. It is concluded from present in-vitro studies that osmotic stress significantly reduced the seed germination shoot/root length fresh and dry weight in all six wheat genotypes. The maximum reduction was found at higher osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000 (-1.0 MPa) significantly.

scholarly journals Exploration of physiological and biochemical processes of canola with exogenously applied fertilizers and plant growth regulators under drought stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260960
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mahran Aslam ◽  
Fozia Farhat ◽  
Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui ◽  
Shafquat Yasmeen ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Membrane Stability Index ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Water Contents

Environmental stresses may alter the nutritional profile and economic value of crops. Chemical fertilizers and phytohormones are major sources which can enhance the canola production under stressful conditions. Physio-biochemical responses of canola altered remarkably with the use of nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium (N/P/K) fertilizers and plant growth regulators (PGRs) under drought stress. The major aim of current study was to evaluate nutritional quality and physio-biochemical modulation in canola (Brassica napus L.) from early growth to seed stage with NPK and PGRs in different water regimes. To monitor biochemical and physiological processes in canola, two season field experiment was conducted as spilt plot under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments (Control, Chemical fertilizers [N (90 kg/ha), P and K (45 kg ha-1)], PGRs; indole acetic acid (IAA) 15g ha-1, gibberellic acid (GA3) 15g ha-1 and the combination of NPK and PGRs] under different irrigations regimes (60, 100, 120, 150 mm evaporations). Water stress enhanced peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline contents as well as leaf temperature while substantially reduced leaf water contents (21%), stomatal conductance (50%), chlorophyll contents (10–67%), membrane stability index (24%) and grain yield (30%) of canola. However, the combined application of NPK and PGR further increased the enzymatic antioxidant pool, soluble sugars, along with recovery of leaf water contents, chlorophyll contents, stomatal conductance and membrane stability index but decreased the proline contents and leaf temperature at different rate of evaporation. There is positive interaction of applied elicitors to the water stress in canola except leaf area. The outcomes depicted that the combination of NPK with PGRs improved the various morpho-physiological as well as biochemical parameters and reduced the pressure of chemical fertilizers cost about 60%. It had also reduced the deleterious effect of water limitation on the physiology and grain yield and oil contents of canola in field experiments.

scholarly journals Perbanyakan dan Aplikasi PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobactheria) di Laboratorium Pengamatan Hama dan Penyakit Banyumas

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 234-239
Author(s):  
Nada Kholifah ◽  
Ardiana Kartika B ◽  
Teguh Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Test Plants

PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) is a substance that helps plant growth with the help of rhizosphere microorganisms. PGPR propagation can be done with liquid media. This PGPR propagation needs to be done because this substance has many benefits for agricultural cultivation. The application of PGPR to the test plant, namely the pakcoy plant, proved that there was an effect of giving PGPR to the plant. Observations on the test plants were carried out by observing several observation variables such as plant height, root length, number of leaves, wet weight and dry weight. The results of these observations showed that the effect on the test plants was seen in the variables of root length, wet weight, and dry weight. Meanwhile, the variable plant height and number of leaves did not show a visible difference. 

scholarly journals Development of priming technology for enhanced planting value of seeds in kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 735-743
Author(s):  
Umesh Hiremath ◽  
Basave Gowda ◽  
Lokesh G.Y . ◽  
B. S. Ganiger
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Vigour Index

The continuous rise in global population demands more food production under limited land resources accompanied by climate change. More oversupply of quality seeds to meet ever-growing food demand is a highly challenging task. Seeds with low vigour level limit the growth and yield of crops at varied field conditions. Hence, an experiment was conducted to develop a technique for the fast and homogeneous growth of kabuli chickpea seeds. The priming treatments evaluated in the present study enhanced the various seed quality parameters of kabuli chickpea significantly when compared to control. Hydro-priming for 4 hours (at 20°C) and air drying for 72 hours showed better results compared to rest of the treatments both in fresh seeds which recorded higher first count (66.38%), germination (92.50%) root length (11.85 cm), shoot length (6.16), mean seedling length (18.01), dry seedling weight (747 mg), seedling vigour index-I (1665), higher speed of emergence (0.3992) and old seeds with higher first count (61.88%), germination (74.13%) root length (8.15 cm), shoot length (5.85 cm), mean seedling length (14.00 cm), seedling dry weight (611 mg), seedling vigour index-I (1056), higher speed of emergence (0.3814). The aged seeds have recorded 29 % increase in germination percentage in contrast to 8 percent increases in fresh seeds. Kabuli chickpea seeds could be subjected to hydropriming, an affordable, alternative, and eco-friendly technique for improving seed and seedling vigour of kabuli chickpea.

Physiological Responses of Amaranthus Cruentus L. to Drought Stress Under Sufficient- and Deficient-Nitrogen Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Cechin ◽  
Laura Prado da Silva ◽  
Elisa Teófilo Ferreira ◽  
Sarah Corrêa Barrochelo ◽  
Fernanda Pereira de Souza Rosa de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Phenolic Contents

Abstract Water and nitrogen availability are environmental factors that can impair plant growth, and when they are combined their effects can be intensified or reduced. The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of nitrogen availability on the responses of Amaranthus cruentus’s metabolisms to water stress. The plants were cultivated in plastic pots filled with vermiculite and kept under greenhouse conditions and were watered with 70% of full strength nitrogen-free Long Ashton solution, containing 1.97 or 9.88 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate, three times a week. Photosynthetic parameter were evaluated in planta and leaves were harvested for chemical analysis of proline and phenolic contents. Higher nitrogen supply increased the shoot dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, total leaf nitrogen, proline, nitrate and ammonium but reduced the concentration of flavonoids and total phenols. Water stress for 6 days did not affect dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, leaf nitrogen, ammonium or specialized metabolites but increased the proline and affected negatively the other variables. The observed interactions between nitrogen and water supply resulted in no alleviation of the negative effects of drought on amaranth. Although the increase in nitrogen supply had benefits on plant performance, it intensified the negative effect of water stress. The study shows the importance of choosing the correct level of nitrogen fertilization in order to obtain satisfactory results in terms of plant growth under drought conditions.

scholarly journals Salt Tolerance and Na Allocation in Sorghum bicolor under Variable Soil and Water Salinity

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Calone ◽  
Rabab Sanoubar ◽  
Carla Lambertini ◽  
Maria Speranza ◽  
Livia Vittori Antisari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Sensitive Organ

Salinity is a major constraint for plant growth in world areas exposed to salinization. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a species that has received attention for biomass production in saline areas thanks to drought and salinity tolerance. To improve the knowledge in the mechanisms of salt tolerance and sodium allocation to plant organs, a pot experiment was set up. The experimental design combined three levels of soil salinity (0, 3, and 6 dS m−1) with three levels of water salinity (0, 2–4, and 4–8 dS m−1) and two water regimes: no salt leaching (No SL) and salt leaching (SL). This latter regime was carried out with the same three water salinity levels and resulted in average +81% water supply. High soil salinity associated with high water salinity (HSS-HWS) affected plant growth and final dry weight (DW) to a greater extent in No SL (−87% DW) than SL (−42% DW). Additionally, HSS-HWS determined a stronger decrease in leaf water potential and relative water content under No SL than SL. HSS-HWS with No SL resulted in a higher Na bioaccumulation from soil to plant and in translocation from roots to stem and, finally, leaves, which are the most sensitive organ. Higher water availability (SL), although determining higher salt input when associated with HWS, limited Na bioaccumulation, prevented Na translocation to leaves, and enhanced selective absorption of Ca vs. Na. At plant level, higher Na accumulation was associated with lower Ca and Mg accumulation, especially in No SL. This indicates altered ion homeostasis and cation unbalance.

Field evaluation of asparagus crowns and germinating seeds inoculated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1138
Author(s):  
S M Liddycoat ◽  
D J Wolyn
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have the ability to enhance growth and establishment by reducing stress ethylene, or providing exogenous indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), nitrogen, iron, or phosphorus. In previous greenhouse studies, PGPR inoculation of asparagus seeds or seedlings enhanced growth under optimal and water stress conditions. Experiments were conducted in this study to determine if PGPR could provide benefits to transplanted crowns and germinating seeds in the field. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria did not positively affect shoot height, count, or diameter of inoculated crowns, or percent germination and seedling dry weight of inoculated seeds. The limitations of using PGPR in the field and potential for future success are discussed.Key words: Asparagus officinalis, Pseudomonas , water stress, drought, irrigation

scholarly journals Seed quality enhancement through biopriming in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1740-1743
Author(s):  
S. P. Monalisa ◽  
J. K. Beura ◽  
R. K. Tarai ◽  
M. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Vigour Index

An experiment on seed quality enhancement of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) var. S 9 (local) was conducted at the department of seed science and technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during 2013-14 by use of three biocontrol agents viz. Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescence. Seeds were bi-oprimed with the biocontrol agents at 40, 50 and 60 % concentration for 4,8,12 and 16 hours of soaking. Seeds were also hydro primed for 4,8,12 and 16 hours. Unprimed dry seed resulted in germination (69 %), shoot length (27.5 cm), root length (14 cm), seedling dry weight (1.71g), SVI-I (2859.2), SVI-II (118.0) and speed of germination (5.8) while hydro primed seeds resulted in germination (72%), shoot length (31.9 cm), root length (15 cm), seedling dry weight (1.80 g), SVI-1 (3375.9) SVI-II (129.8) and speed of germination (6.7). Trichoderma harzianum at 40% con-centration and for 4 hours of soaking resulted enhancement of above quality parameter like 13.0 % in germination, 21.1 % in shoot length, 20.7 % in root length, 31.6 % in seedling dry weight, 36 % in seedling vigour index-I, 48.1 % in seedling vigour index-II and 58.6 % in speed of germination over unprimed seeds. Bio priming with P. fluorescence ( at 40% concentration and for 4 hour) closely followed and at par with best treatment with 11.6 %, 18.2 %, 16.4 %, 30.4 %, 30.7 % and 56.9 % enhancement of above mentioned quality parameters, respectively.

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