scholarly journals Gene Expression Pattern of Vacuolar-Iron Transporter-Like (VTL) Genes in Hexaploid Wheat during Metal Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Sharma ◽  
Gazaldeep Kaur ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Varsha Meena ◽  
Hasthi Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Metal Homeostasis ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Iron Transporter

Iron is one of the important micronutrients that is required for crop productivity and yield-related traits. To address the Fe homeostasis in crop plants, multiple transporters belonging to the category of major facilitator superfamily are being explored. In this direction, earlier vacuolar iron transporters (VITs) have been reported and characterized functionally to address biofortification in cereal crops. In the present study, the identification and characterization of new members of vacuolar iron transporter-like proteins (VTL) was performed in wheat. Phylogenetic distribution demonstrated distinct clustering of the identified VTL genes from the previously known VIT genes. Our analysis identifies multiple VTL genes from hexaploid wheat with the highest number genes localized on chromosome 2. Quantitative expression analysis suggests that most of the VTL genes are induced mostly during the Fe surplus condition, thereby reinforcing their role in metal homeostasis. Interestingly, most of the wheat VTL genes were also significantly up-regulated in a tissue-specific manner under Zn, Mn and Cu deficiency. Although, no significant changes in expression of wheat VTL genes were observed in roots under heavy metals, but TaVTL2, TaVTL3 and TaVTL5 were upregulated in the presence of cobalt stress. Overall, this work deals with the detailed characterization of wheat VTL genes that could provide an important genetic framework for addressing metal homeostasis in bread wheat.

scholarly journals Gene expression pattern of vacuolar-iron transporter-like (VTL) genes in hexaploid wheat during metal stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Sharma ◽  
Gazaldeep Kaur ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Varsha Meena ◽  
Hasthi Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Metal Homeostasis ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
Cu Deficiency

AbstractIron is one of the important micronutrients that is not just essential for the human body, but also required for crop productivity and yield-related traits. To address the Fe homeostasis in crop plants, multiple transporters belonging to the category of Major facilitator superfamily are being explored. In this direction, Vacuolar iron transporters (VIT) are being reported and have been characterized functionally as an important candidate to address biofortification in cereal crops. In the present study, the identification and characterization of new members of Vacuolar iron transporters-like proteins (VTL) was performed. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated distinct clustering of all the VTL genes from the previously known VIT genes. Our analysis identifies multiple VTL genes from hexaploid wheat with the highest number of this gene family localized on chromosome 2. Quantitative expression analysis suggests that most of the VTL genes are induced only during the Fe surplus condition, thereby reinforcing their role metal homeostasis. Interestingly, most of the wheat VTL genes were significantly up-regulated in a tissue-specific manner under Zn, Mn and Cu deficiency conditions. Although, no significant changes in expression of wheat VTL genes were observed in roots under heavy metals, but TaVTL2, TaVTL3 and TaVTL5 were upregulated in the presence of cobalt stress. Overall, this work deals with the characterization of wheat VTL genes that could provide an important genetic resource for addressing metal homeostasis in bread wheat.

Assays for Phospholipid-Dependent Formation of Thrombin and Xa: A Potential Method for Quantifying Lupus Anticoagulant Activity

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (04) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Apparent Association

SummaryLupus anticoagulants (LAs) are antibodies which interfere with phospholipid-dependent procoagulant reactions. Their clinical importance is due to their apparent association with an increased risk of thrombo-embolic disease. To date there have been few assays for quantifying the specific activity of these antibodies in vitro and this has hampered attempts to purify and characterize these antibodies. Methods for determining phospholipid-dependent generation of thrombin and factor Xa are described. Isolated IgG fractions from 7 of 9 patients with LAs were found to reproducibly inhibit enzyme generation in these assay systems, permitting quantitative expression of inhibitor activity. Different patterns of inhibitory activity, based on the relative inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa generation, were found, further substantiating the known heterogeneity of these antibodies. These systems may prove helpful in further purification and characterization of LAs.

scholarly journals Identification of an isoflavonoid transporter required for the nodule establishment of the Rhizobium-Fabaceae symbiotic interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Biala-Leonhard ◽  
Laura Zanin ◽  
Stefano Gottardi ◽  
Rita de Brito Francisco ◽  
Silvia Venuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Phosphate Availability ◽  
Rhizobial Symbiosis

Nitrogen (N) as well as Phosphorus (P) are key nutrients determining crop productivity. Legumes have developed strategies to overcome nutrient limitation by e.g., forming a symbiotic relationship with N-fixing rhizobia and the release of P-mobilizing exudates and are thus able to grow without supply of N or P fertilizers. The legume-rhizobial symbiosis starts with root release of isoflavonoids, that act as signaling molecules perceived by compatible bacteria. Subsequently, bacteria release nod factors, which induce signaling cascades allowing the formation of functional N-fixing nodules. We report here the identification and functional characterization of a plasma membrane-localized MATE-type transporter (LaMATE2) involved in the release of genistein from white lupin roots. The LaMATE2 expression in the root is upregulated under N deficiency as well as low phosphate availability, two nutritional deficiencies that induce the release of this isoflavonoid. LaMATE2 silencing reduced genistein efflux and even more the formation of symbiotic nodules, supporting the crucial role of LaMATE2 in isoflavonoid release and nodulation. Furthermore, silencing of LaMATE2 limited the P-solubilization activity of lupin root exudates. Transport assays in yeast vesicles demonstrated that LaMATE2 acts as a proton-driven isoflavonoid transporter.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticle Regulates Salt Tolerance in Wheat Through Changes in ABA Concentration, Ion Homeostasis, and Defense Systems

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1506
Author(s):  
Iram Wahid ◽  
Sarika Kumari ◽  
Rafiq Ahmad ◽  
Sofi J. Hussain ◽  
Saud Alamri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxidative Biomarkers ◽  
Aba Content

Salinity is major abiotic stress affecting crop yield, productivity and reduces the land-usage area for agricultural practices. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of green-synthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNP) on physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under salinity stress. Using augmented and high-throughput characterization of synthesized AgNPs, this study investigated the proximity of AgNPs-induced coping effects under stressful cues by measuring the germination efficiency, oxidative-biomarkers, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, proline and nitrogen metabolism, stomatal dynamics, and ABA content. Taken together, the study shows a promising approach in salt tolerance and suggests that mechanisms of inducing the salt tolerance depend on proline metabolism, ions accumulation, and defense mechanisms. This study ascertains the queries regarding the correlation between nanoparticles use and traditional agriculture methodology; also significantly facilitates to reach the goal of sustainable developments for increasing crop productivity via much safer and greener approachability.

Construction and Characterization of a BAC Library of a Cold‐Tolerant Hexaploid Wheat Cultivar

Crop Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1571-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indira Ratnayaka ◽  
Monica Båga ◽  
D. Brian Fowler ◽  
Ravindra N. Chibbar
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Bac Library ◽  
Cold Tolerant

scholarly journals Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Hessian fly resistance in diploid wheat, Aegilops tauschii

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill A. Nemacheck ◽  
Brandon J. Schemerhorn ◽  
Steven R. Scofield ◽  
Subhashree Subramanyam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Functional Validation ◽  
Diploid Progenitor ◽  
Molecular Responses ◽  
Physical Measurements

Abstract Background The Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor), belonging to the gall midge family (Cecidomyiidae), is a devastating pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum) causing significant yield losses. Despite identification and characterization of numerous Hessian fly-responsive genes and associated biological pathways involved in wheat defense against this dipteran pest, their functional validation has been challenging. This is largely attributed to the large genome, polyploidy, repetitive DNA, and limited genetic resources in hexaploid wheat. The diploid progenitor Aegilops tauschii, D-genome donor of modern-day hexaploid wheat, offers an ideal surrogate eliminating the need to target all three homeologous chromosomes (A, B and D) individually, and thereby making the functional validation of candidate Hessian fly-responsive genes plausible. Furthermore, the well-annotated sequence of Ae. tauschii genome and availability of genetic resources amenable to manipulations makes the functional assays less tedious and time-consuming. However, prior to utilization of this diploid genome for downstream studies, it is imperative to characterize its physical and molecular responses to Hessian fly. Results In this study we screened five Ae. tauschii accessions for their response to the Hessian fly biotypes L and vH13. Two lines were identified that exhibited a homozygous resistance response to feeding by both Hessian fly biotypes. Studies using physical measurements and neutral red staining showed that the resistant Ae. tauschii accessions resembled hexaploid wheat in their phenotypic responses to Hessian fly, that included similarities in larval developmental stages, leaf and plant growth, and cell wall permeability. Furthermore, molecular responses, characterized by gene expression profiling using quantitative real-time PCR, in select resistant Ae. tauschii lines also revealed similarities with resistant hexaploid wheat. Conclusions Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Ae. tauschii to Hessian fly infestation revealed resistant accessions that shared similarities to hexaploid wheat. Resembling the resistant hexaploid wheat, the Ae. tauschii accessions mount an early defense strategy involving defense proteins including lectins, secondary metabolites and reactive oxygen species (ROS) radicals. Our results reveal the suitability of the diploid progenitor for use as an ideal tool for functional genomics research in deciphering the wheat-Hessian fly molecular interactions.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Rht-1 Dwarfing Genes in Hexaploid Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 1820-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Pearce ◽  
Robert Saville ◽  
Simon P. Vaughan ◽  
Peter M. Chandler ◽  
Edward P. Wilhelm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Dwarfing Genes

Characterization of novel mutants of hexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) with various depths of purple grain color and antioxidant capacity

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jeong Hong ◽  
Dae Yeon Kim ◽  
Bo Mi Nam ◽  
Joon‐Woo Ahn ◽  
Soon‐Jae Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Color

scholarly journals Characterization of htrB and msbB Mutants of the Light Organ Symbiont Vibrio fischeri

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn M. Adin ◽  
Nancy J. Phillips ◽  
Bradford W. Gibson ◽  
Michael A. Apicella ◽  
Edward G. Ruby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid A ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Euprymna Scolopes ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Lipid A Structure ◽  
Bacterial Lipid

ABSTRACT Bacterial lipid A is an important mediator of bacterium-host interactions, and secondary acylations added by HtrB and MsbB can be critical for colonization and virulence in pathogenic infections. In contrast, Vibrio fischeri lipid A stimulates normal developmental processes in this bacterium's mutualistic host, Euprymna scolopes, although the importance of lipid A structure in this symbiosis is unknown. To further examine V. fischeri lipid A and its symbiotic function, we identified two paralogs of htrB (designated htrB1 and htrB2) and an msbB gene in V. fischeri ES114 and demonstrated that these genes encode lipid A secondary acyltransferases. htrB2 and msbB are found on the Vibrio “housekeeping” chromosome 1 and are conserved in other Vibrio species. Mutations in htrB2 and msbB did not impair symbiotic colonization but resulted in phenotypic alterations in culture, including reduced motility and increased luminescence. These mutations also affected sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate, kanamycin, and polymyxin, consistent with changes in membrane permeability. Conversely, htrB1 is located on the smaller, more variable vibrio chromosome 2, and an htrB1 mutant was wild-type-like in culture but appeared attenuated in initiating the symbiosis and was outcompeted 2.7-fold during colonization when mixed with the parent. These data suggest that htrB2 and msbB play conserved general roles in vibrio biology, whereas htrB1 plays a more symbiosis-specific role in V. fischeri.

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