scholarly journals The Search for Quorum Sensing in Botrytis cinerea: Regulatory Activity of Its Extracts on Its Development

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Esteban D. Rosero-Hernández ◽  
Fernando L. Echeverri
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Large Crop ◽  
Germ Tubes ◽  
Great Inhibition

Botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes large crop and post-harvest losses. Therefore, new and effective strategies are needed to control the disease and to reduce resistance to fungicides. Modulating pathogenicity and virulence by manipulating microbial communication is a promising strategy. This communication mechanism, called Quorum Sensing (QS), has already been reported in bacteria and yeasts; however, it has not yet been studied in B. cinerea. To establish the existence of this biochemical process in B. cinerea, we prepared extracts at different growth times (D1-D12), which were applied to fresh cultures of the same fungi. The chemical analysis of the extracts obtained from several fermentations showed different compositions and biological activities. We confirmed the presence of several phytotoxins, as well as compounds 1-phenylethanol and 3-phenylpropanol. Day five extract (0.1%) inhibited conidia germination and elongation of germ tubes, day seven extract (1%) produced the greatest phytotoxic effect in tomato leaves, and day nine extract (0.1%) was a sporulation inhibitor. In contrast, the extracts from days 7, 9, and 12 of fermentation (0.1% and 0.01%) promoted pellet and biofilm formation. Sporulation was slightly induced at 0.01%, while at 0.1% there was a great inhibition. At the highest extract concentrations, a biocidal effect was detected, but at the lowest, we observed a QS-like effect, regulating processes such as filamentation, morphogenesis, and pathogenesis. These results of the biological activity and composition of extracts suggest the existence of a QS-like mechanism in B. cinerea, which could lead to new non-biocidal alternatives for its control through interference in the pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms of the fungi.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Fungitoxic Activity against Botrytis cinerea and Phytotoxicity of Alkoxyclovanols and Alkoxyisocaryolanols

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1079
Author(s):  
Adriana de Almeida Pinto Bracarense ◽  
Jociani Ascari ◽  
Giovanni Gontijo de Souza ◽  
Thays Silva Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Ruano-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Model Crop

Clovane and isocaryolane derivatives have been proven to show several levels of activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Both classes of sesquiterpenes are reminiscent of biosynthetic intermediates of botrydial, a virulence factor of B. cinerea. Further development of both classes of antifungal agent requires exploration of the structure–activity relationships for the antifungal effects on B. cinerea and phytotoxic effects on a model crop. In this paper, we report on the preparation of a series of alkoxy-clovane and -isocaryolane derivatives, some of them described here for the first time (2b, 2d, 2f–2h, and 4c–4e); the evaluation of their antifungal properties against B. cinerea, and their phytotoxic activites on the germination of seeds and the growth of radicles and shoots of Lactuca sativa (lettuce). Both classes of compound show a correlation of antifungal activity with the nature of side chains, with the best activity against B. cinerea for 2d, 2h, 4c and 4d. In general terms, while 2-alkoxyclovan-9-ols (2a–2e) exert a general phytotoxic effect, this is not the case for 2-arylalkoxyclovan-9-ols (2f–2i) and 8-alkoxyisocaryolan-9-ols (4a–4d), where stimulating effects would make them suitable candidates for application to plants.

Molecular characterization of a novel endornavirus from the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea

2016 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangmin Hao ◽  
Ziliang Zhou ◽  
Mingde Wu ◽  
Guoqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus

Suppression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing systems by macrolides: a promising strategy or an oriental mystery?

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Tateda ◽  
Yoshikazu Ishii ◽  
Soichiro Kimura ◽  
Keizo Yamaguchi ◽  
Manabu Horikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Promising Strategy

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Geographic Distribution of a Mymonavirus in the Population of Botrytis cinerea

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangmin Hao ◽  
Mingde Wu ◽  
Guoqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Cdna Sequence ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rdrp Domain ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reading Frames

Here, we characterized a negative single-stranded (−ss)RNA mycovirus, Botrytis cinerea mymonavirus 1 (BcMyV1), isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. The genome of BcMyV1 is 7863 nt in length, possessing three open reading frames (ORF1–3). The ORF1 encodes a large polypeptide containing a conserved mononegaviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain showing homology to the protein L of mymonaviruses, whereas the possible functions of the remaining two ORFs are still unknown. The internal cDNA sequence (10-7829) of BcMyV1 was 97.9% identical to the full-length cDNA sequence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative stranded RNA virus 7 (SsNSRV7), a virus-like contig obtained from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum metatranscriptomes, indicating BcMyV1 should be a strain of SsNSRV7. Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp domains showed that BcMyV1 was clustered with the viruses in the family Mymonaviridae, suggesting it is a member of Mymonaviridae. BcMyV1 may be widely distributed in regions where B. cinerea occurs in China and even over the world, although it infected only 0.8% of tested B. cinerea strains.

Rhodopseudomonas palustris quorum sensing molecule pC-HSL induces systemic resistance to TMV infection via up-regulation of NbSIPK/NbWIPK expressions in Nicotiana benthamiana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Du ◽  
Renyan Huang ◽  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Deyong Zhang ◽  
Ju`e Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacterium ◽  
Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Ros Scavenging

G-negative bacteria produce a myriad of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) that can function as quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecules. AHLs are also known to regulate various plant biological activities. p-Coumaroyl-homoserine lactone (pC-HSL) is the only QS molecule produced by a photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris (R. palustris). The role of pC-HSL in the interaction between R. palustris and plant has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the effect of pC-HSL on plant immunity and have found that this QS molecule can induce a systemic resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection in Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana). The results show that pC-HSL treatment can prolong the activation of two mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) genes (i.e., NbSIPK and NbWIPK) and enhance the expression of transcription factor WRKY8 as well as immune response marker genes NbPR1 and NbPR10, leading to an increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the TMV infected plants. Our results also show that pC-HSL treatment can increase activities of two ROS-scavenging enzymes, POD and SOD. Knockdown of NbSIPK or NbWIPK expression in N. benthamiana plants through VIGS nullified or attenuated pC-HSL-induced systemic resistance, indicating that the functioning of pC-HSL relies on the activity of those two kinases. Meanwhile, pC-HSL pre-treated plants also showed a strong induction of kinase activities of NbSIPK and NbWIPK post TMV inoculation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that pC-HSL treatment results in enhanced plant resistance to TMV infection, which is helpful to uncover the outcome of interaction between R. palustris and its host plants.

scholarly journals NADPH Oxidases Are Involved in Differentiation and Pathogenicity in Botrytis cinerea

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 808-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Segmüller ◽  
Leonie Kokkelink ◽  
Sabine Giesbert ◽  
Daniela Odinius ◽  
Jan van Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nadph Oxidases ◽  
Knock Out

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH) oxidases have been shown to be involved in various differentiation processes in fungi. We investigated the role of two NADPH oxidases in the necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus, Botrytis cinerea. The genes bcnoxA and bcnoxB were cloned and characterized; their deduced amino acid sequences show high homology to fungal NADPH oxidases. Analyses of single and double knock-out mutants of both NADPH oxidase genes showed that both bcnoxA and bcnoxB are involved in formation of sclerotia. Both genes have a great impact on pathogenicity: whereas bcnoxB mutants showed a retarded formation of primary lesions, probably due to an impaired formation of penetration structures, bcnoxA mutants were able to penetrate host tissue in the same way as the wild type but were much slower in colonizing the host tissue. Double mutants showed an additive effect: they were aberrant in penetration and colonization of plant tissue and, therefore, almost nonpathogenic. To study the structure of the fungal Nox complex in more detail, bcnoxR (encoding a homolog of the mammalian p67phox, a regulatory subunit of the Nox complex) was functionally characterized. The phenotype of ΔbcnoxR mutants is identical to that of ΔbcnoxAB double mutants, providing evidence that BcnoxR is involved in activation of both Bcnox enzymes.

scholarly journals GATA1 Promotes Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer through Antiapoptotic Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Chang ◽  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Chengjian Guan ◽  
Xinjin Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cancer Targeting ◽  
First Line ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Gemcitabine Resistance ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
First Line Treatment

Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer. However, chemoresistance is a major obstacle to drug efficacy, leading to poor prognosis. Little progress has been achieved although multiple mechanisms are investigated. Therefore, effective strategies are urgently needed to overcome drug resistance. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor GATA binding protein 1 (GATA1) promotes gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer through antiapoptotic pathway. GATA1 is highly expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues, and GATA1 status is an independent predictor of prognosis and response to gemcitabine therapy. Further investigation demonstrates GATA1 is involved in both intrinsic and acquired gemcitabine resistance in PDAC cells. Mechanistically, we find that GATA1 upregulates Bcl-XL expression by binding to its promoter and thus induces gemcitabine resistance through enhancing Bcl-XL mediated antiapoptosis invitroand invivo. Moreover, in PDAC patients, Bcl-XL expression is positively correlated with GATA1 level and predicts clinical outcomes and gemcitabine response. Taken together, our results indicate that GATA1 is a novel marker and potential target for pancreatic cancer. Targeting GATA1 combined with Bcl-XL may be a promising strategy to enhance gemcitabine response.

scholarly journals Elicitation – a tool to improve secondary metabolites production in Melissa Officinalis L. Suspension cultures / Elicitácia ako nástroj na zlepšenie produkcie sekundárnych metabolitov v suspenzných kultúrach Melissa Officinalis L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (s9) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Urdová ◽  
M. Rexová ◽  
P. Mučaji ◽  
A. Balažová
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Elicitor Treatment ◽  
Metabolites Production

Abstract Our recent study is focussed on the investigation of the influence of biotic (Botrytis cinerea, methyl jasmonate) and abiotic (cadmium and cobalt chloride) elicitors on Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) suspension cultures production properties. The plant material was treated with different concentrations of methyl jasmonate (10 and 100 μmol.l−1), with a phytopathogenic fungus hydrolyzate (Botrytis cinerea, 1 and 2 ml with glucose equivalent 24 μg.ml−1), cadmium and cobalt (II) chloride (both at concentrations 100 μmol.l−1 and 1 μmol.l−1). Elicited suspension cultures were harvested after 24, 48 and 72 h of elicitor treatment. The elicitation effect was evaluated based on hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives content expressed as rosmarinic acid in dose- and time-dependent manners. The Botrytis cinerea hydrolyzate exhibited the best effect on Melissa officinalis L. suspension cultures production properties among biotic elicitors (glucose equivalent 24 mg.ml−1, 1 ml, after 72 h of treatment). The hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives content increased in triplicate compared to non-elicited samples. Methyl jasmonate affected the suspension cultures production properties moderately at concentration 10 μmol.l−1. Chlorides salts of cobalt and cadmium stimulated phenolic compounds production effectively at concentrations 100 μmol.l−1. The presence of cobalt and cadmium ions in suspension cultures growth media increased the hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives content twofold and quadruple, respectively.

scholarly journals The Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 Sigma Regulator psrA Represses the Production of the Antifungal Metabolite Phenazine-1-Carboxamide

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. C. Chin-A-Woeng ◽  
Daan van den Broek ◽  
Ben J. J. Lugtenberg ◽  
Guido V. Bloemberg
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Pseudomonas Chlororaphis ◽  
Antifungal Metabolite ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Multiple Copies

The rhizobacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 produces the antifungal metabolite phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN), which is a crucial trait in its competition with the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in the rhizosphere. The expression of the PCN biosynthetic gene cluster in PCL1391 is population density-dependent and is regulated by the quorum-sensing genes phzI and phzR via synthesis of the autoinducer Nhexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL). Here, we describe the identification of an additional regulatory gene of PCN biosynthesis in PCL1391. A mutation in the psrA gene (Pseudomonas sigma regulator), the gene product of which is a member of the TetR/AcrR family of transcriptional regulators, resulted in increased production of autoinducer molecules and PCN. Expression studies showed that inactivation of psrA resulted in increased expression of the phzI and phzR genes and the phz biosynthetic operon and that introduction of functional copies of psrA represses the expression of these genes, resulting in reduced production of autoinducer signal and PCN. Surprisingly, inactivation of psrA in the phzI or phzR quorum-sensing mutants, which do not produce detectable amounts of PCN and autoinducers by themselves, restored PCN biosynthesis. This phenomenon was accompanied by the appearance of compounds with autoinducer activities migrating at the positions of C4-HSL and C6-HSL on C18 reverse phase-thin-layer chromatography. These observations indicate that PsrA also represses at least one silent, yet unidentified, quorum-sensing system or autoinducer biosynthetic pathway in PCL1391. The expression of psrA declines at the onset of the stationary phase at the same moment at which quorum-sensing (-regulated) genes are activated. In addition, expression studies in a psrA- and a multicopy psrA background showed that psrA is autoregulated. Multiple copies of psrA repress its own expression. Mutation of gacS, encoding the sensor kinase member of a two-component global regulatory system significantly reduced production of autoinducers and PCN. We show a novel link between global regulation and quorum sensing via the PsrA regulator.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document