scholarly journals Simulation of Phosphorus Chemistry, Uptake and Utilisation by Winter Wheat

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianhai Wu ◽  
Martin Blackwell ◽  
Sarah Dunham ◽  
Javier Hernández-Allica ◽  
Steve P. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Cycling ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
P Content ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
P Supply

The phosphorus (P) supply from soils is crucial to crop production. Given the complexity involved in P-cycling, a model that can simulate the major P-cycling processes and link with other nutrients and environmental factors, e.g., soil temperature and moisture, would be a useful tool. The aim of this study was to describe a process-based P module added to the SPACSYS (Soil Plant and Atmosphere Continuum System) model and to evaluate its predictive capability on the dynamics of P content in crops and the impact of soil P status on crop growth. A P-cycling module was developed and linked to other modules included in the SPACSYS model. We used a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv Xi-19) field experiment at Rothamsted Research in Harpenden to calibrate and validate the model. Model performance statistics show that the model simulated aboveground dry matter, P accumulation and soil moisture dynamics reasonably well. Simulated dynamics of soil nitrate and ammonium were close to the observed data when P fertiliser was applied. However, there are large discrepancies in fields without P fertiliser. This study demonstrated that the SPACSYS model was able to investigate the interactions between carbon, nitrogen, P and water in a single process-based model after the tested P module was implemented.

Consequences of Ontario P index recommendations for reduced manure and fertilizer phosphorus applications on corn yields and soil phosphorus

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Ribey ◽  
I.P. O’Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Soil P Fractions ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Index ◽  
The Impact

Environmental indices for soil P limit P applications when soil tests and risk of P losses exceed a given threshold. Producers’ reluctance to reduce P inputs often stem from concerns regarding reduced crop production and soil fertility. Our objectives were to identify changes in soil P fractions after 4 yr of repeated manure or fertilizer P applications at rates ≤ crop removal by corn (Zea mays L.), and the impact of these applications on yields. Olsen P and soil P fractions extracted using a modified Hedley P fractionation procedure were measured. Corn yields were nonresponsive to P applications. After 4 yr, Olsen P was 16.6 and 24.6 mg kg−1 at the application rates of 0 and 33 kg P ha−1 yr−1, respectively, for the inorganic fertilizer treatment indicating that soil P drawdown was occurring. Only the most labile forms of Pi (resin and bicarbonate extractable) were affected by treatment, with greater values at higher P application rates. Adherence to Ontario’s P index recommendations for P applications at or below crop removal should not be a crop production concern. Furthermore, given the rate of soil labile P drawdown, routine soil testing (every 3–5 yr) would identify agronomically significant changes in soil test P before the crop yield is impacted.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PREPARATIONS IN INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY OF AGROCULTURES

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
О.В. ЛУКЬЯНОВА ◽  
Н.В. ВАВИЛОВА ◽  
Д.В. ВИНОГРАДОВ ◽  
А.С. СТУПИН ◽  
А.А. СОКОЛОВ
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
The Impact

Проблема и цель. Реализация биологического потенциала агрокультур при производстве продукции растениеводства в условиях неустойчивого земледелия. Цель исследований – изучить влияние комплексных препаратов, содержащих важнейшие макро- и микроэлементы, биологически активныевещества, на урожайность и качество продукции сельскохозяйственных культур. Методология. Объектами исследования в полевых опытах были регуляторы роста растений ОРГАНОСТИМ, Зеребро Агро и минеральное удобрение Грогрин микро марка: Дрип. Полевые опыты были заложены методом организованных повторений в четырехкратной повторности. Размер опытных делянок в опытах составлял 50-100 м2 , учетная площадь – 25-50 м2 . В ходе исследований отбирались образцы серой лесной тяжелосуглинистой почвы и растительных образцов сои, озимой пшеницы, картофеля, анализ которых проводили в ФГБУ «Станция агрохимической службы «Рязанская» и ФГБОУ ВО «Рязанский государственный агротехнологический университет имени П.А. Костычева» согласно общепринятым методикам. Для оценки существенности полученных в опыте результатов осуществлялась математическая обработка урожайных и сопутствующих данных. Результаты. Результаты полевых исследований показывают, что применение биологически активных соединений на разных этапах онтогенеза способствовало усилению процессов роста и развития культурных растений и повышению сопротивляемости негативному воздействию внешней среды. Вследствие этого агрокультуры, в зависимости от варианта опыта, формировали более развитую корневую систему, вегетативные и генеративные органы, что обеспечило существенное повышение урожайности сои на 2,4-3,2 ц/га (НСР05 = 1,97 ц/га), озимой пшеницы на 3,7-5,5 ц/га (НСР05 = 2,9 ц/га), картофеля на 3,34 т/га (НСР05 = 2,91 т/га) с сохранением качества полученного урожая. Заключение. Научно-обоснованное применение биологически активных веществ оказывает стимулирующие воздействие на культурные растения, активизируя физиологические процессы на всех этапах их жизненного цикла, от прорастания семян до уборки, существенно повышая урожайность агрокультур. Оптимизация питания растений повышает их устойчивость к возбудителям болезней сельскохозяйственных культур, нивелирует воздействие неблагоприятных факторов окружающей среды, благоприятно отражается на показателях качества растениеводческой продукции. Problem and purpose. Realization of the biological potential of agricultural crops in the production of crop products in conditions of unsustainable agriculture. The purpose of research is to study the infuence of complex preparations containing the most important macro-and microelements, biologically active substance on the yield and quality of agricultural crops. Methodology. The objects of study in feld experiments were plant growth regulators ORGANOSTIM, Zerebro Agro and mineral fertilizer Grogrin mikro marka: Drip. Field experiments laid down method organized repetitions in 4-fold repetition. The size of the experimental business experiments was 50-100 m², the accounting area was 25-50 m². During the studies, samples of gray forest heavy-grained soil and plant samples of soybeans, winter wheat, potatoes were taken, the analysis of which was carried out by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Station of the Agricultural Chemical Service" Ryazan "and FSBEI HE " Ryazan State Agrotechnological University”. To assess the materiality of the results obtained in the experience, mathematical processing of crop and related data was carried out. Results. The results of feld studies show that the use of biologically active compounds at diferent stages of ontogenesis contributed to the strengthening of the processes of growth and development of cultivated plants and increased resistance to negative environmental efects. As a result, agricultures, depending on the experience variant, formed a more developed root system, vegetative and generative organs, which ensured a signifcant increase in soybean yield by 2.4-3.2 c/ha (NSR05 = 1.97 c/ha), 3.7-5.5 c/ha (NSR05 = 2.9 c/ha) on winter wheat, 3.34 t/ha (NSR05 = 2.91 t) on potatoes, with maintaining the quality of the harvest. Conclusion. Science-based use of biologically active substances has stimulating efects on cultivated plants. Activating physiological processes at all stages of their life cycle, from seed germination to harvesting, signifcantly increase the yield of agricultural crops. Optimization of plant nutrition increases their resistance to pathogens of crop diseases, eliminates the impact of adverse environmental factors, and favorably afects the quality indicators of crop production.

scholarly journals A Satellite-Based Method for National Winter Wheat Yield Estimating in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4680
Author(s):  
Yangyang Fu ◽  
Jianxi Huang ◽  
Yanjun Shen ◽  
Shaomin Liu ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
The Mean

Satellite-based models have tremendous potential for monitoring crop production because satellite data can provide temporally and spatially continuous crop growth information at large scale. This study used a satellite-based vegetation production model (i.e., eddy covariance light use efficiency, EC-LUE) to estimate national winter wheat gross primary production, and then combined this model with the harvest index (ratio of aboveground biomass to yield) to convert the estimated winter wheat production to yield. Specifically, considering the spatial differences of the harvest index, we used a cross-validation method to invert the harvest index of winter wheat among counties, municipalities and provinces. Using the field-surveyed and statistical yield data, we evaluated the model performance, and found the model could explain more than 50% of the spatial variations of the yield both in field-surveyed regions and most administrative units. Overall, the mean absolute percentage errors of the yield are less than 20% in most counties, municipalities and provinces, and the mean absolute percentage errors for the production of winter wheat at the national scale is 4.06%. This study demonstrates that a satellite-based model is an alternative method for crop yield estimation on a larger scale.

scholarly journals Can Phosphorus from Recycled Fertilisers Replace Conventional Sources? An Agronomic Evaluation in Field-Scale Experiments on Temperate Luvisols

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2086
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Marta K. Kostrzewska ◽  
Agnieszka Saeid
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Harvest Residues ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
P Content ◽  
Sludge Ash

Facing phosphate rock scarcity, growing food requirements and pollution problems with phosphorus (P)-containing waste, re-using P as fertiliser is becoming a real need. Innovative fertilisers from sewage sludge ash, animal bones and blood, activated by phosphorus solubilising microorganisms (PSM), were tested in field experiments with winter or spring wheat and compared with commercial fertilisers (superphosphate, phosphorite). Three levels of P doses were established (17.6, 26.4 and 35.2 kg/ha). This paper discusses the fertilisers’ impact on total soil P content and on the P content and P accumulation in wheat grain and straw, weeds and post-harvest residues. Recycled fertilisers maintained soil P stocks and supplied plants with P in the same way as traditional fertilisers, and ensured a comparable P pool in the post-harvest residues to traditional fertilisers. They also did not favour weeds during competitive crop-weed interactions. The PSM included in waste-fertilisers did not exert an evident effect on the soil P content or on the P content and P accumulation in plant biomass. The findings show the potential of recycled fertilisers to act as a substitute to fertilisers from primary sources. Further field research is needed to settle the question of the reasonability of PSM inclusion into fertilisers.

scholarly journals Estimation of Crop Production and CO2 Fluxes Using Remote Sensing: Application to a Winter Wheat/Sunflower Rotation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Gaétan Pique ◽  
Taeken Wijmert ◽  
Rémy Fieuzal ◽  
Eric Ceschia
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
The Impact

To meet the incoming growth of the world’s food needs, and the demands of climate change, the agricultural sector will be forced to adapt its practices. To do so, the contribution of agricultural fields to greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the impact—on soil, climate and productions—of certain agricultural practices have to be known. In this study, the SAFY-CO2 crop model is driven by remote sensing products in order to estimate CO2 fluxes on the main crop rotation observed in the study area, i.e., winter wheat followed by sunflower. Different modeling scenarios are tested, particularly for intercropping periods, the approach being validated locally, thanks to eddy covariance flux measurements, and then applied regionally. Results showed that the model was able to reproduce crop production with high accuracy (rRMSE of 21% and 24% for winter wheat and sunflower yield, respectively) as well as daily net CO2 flux (RMSE of 1.29 and 0.97 gC.m−2.d−1 for winter wheat and sunflower respectively). Moreover, the tested modeling scenarios highlight the importance of taking the regrowth events into account for assessing accurate carbon budgets. In a perspective of large-scale application, the model was upscaled over more than 100 plots, allowing discussion of the effect of regrowth on carbon uptake.

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Row Spacing and Alternative Crop Effects on Relay-Intercrop, Double-Crop, and Wheat Yields

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Sandler ◽  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Christopher Dudenhoeffer
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Alternative Crops ◽  
The Impact

In Missouri as well as much of the Midwest, the most popular double-cropping system was winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) followed by soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr). These two crops can also be used in an intercrop system, but optimal row spacing was important to increase crop productivity. Research was conducted to evaluate (1) winter wheat inter- and double-crop production systems, using a variety of alternative crops, and (2) the impact of different wheat row spacings on intercrop establishment and yields within the various cropping systems. Field research was conducted during droughts in 2012 and 2013. Spacing of wheat rows impacted wheat yields by 150 kg ha−1, as well as yields of the alternative crops. Narrower row spacings (150 kg ha−1) and the double-crop system (575 kg ha−1) increased yield due to the lack of interference for resources with wheat in 2013. Land equivalent ratio (LER) values determining productivity of intercrop systems of 19 and 38 cm row showed an advantage for alternative crops in 2013, but not 2012. This signified that farmers in Northeast Missouri could potentially boost yield potential for a given field and produce additional forage or green manure yields in a year with less severe drought.

The impact of winter wheat cultivation practices on the quality of soil and grain

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 649-651
Author(s):  
D. Šileikiene ◽  
V. Rutkoviene ◽  
J. Pekarskas
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
The Impact

A Macroeconomic Analysis of Agricultural Sector in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Isah Funtua Abubakar ◽  
Umar Bambale Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
The Impact

This paper attempts to study the Nigerian agriculture industry as a panacea to growth as well as an anchor to the diversification agenda of the present government. To do this, the time series data of the four agriculture subsectors of crop production, livestock, forestry and fishery were analysed as stimulus to the Real GDP from 1981-2016 in order to explicate the individual contributions of the subsectors to the RGDP in order to guide the policy thrust on diversification. Using the Johansen approach to cointegration, all the variables were found to be cointegrated. With the exception of the forestry subsector, all the three subsectors were seen to have impacted on the real GDP at varying degrees during the time under review. The crop production subsector has the highest impact, however, taking size-by-size analysis, the livestock subsector could be of much importance due to its ability to retain its value chain and high investment returns particularly in poultry. Therefore, it is recommended that, the government should intensify efforts to retain the value chain in the crop production subsector, in order to harness its potentials optimally through the encouragement of the establishment of agriculture cottage industries. Secondly, the livestock subsector is found to be the most rapidly growing and commercialized subsector. Therefore, it should be the prime subsector to hinge the diversification agenda naturally. Lastly, the tourism industry which is a source through which the impact of the subsector is channeled to the GDP should be developed, in order to improve the impact of such channel to GDP with the sole objective to resuscitate the forestry subsector.

Effect of Nanobionics in crop production- A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinayak Fasake ◽  
Nita Patil ◽  
Zoya Javed ◽  
Mansi Mishra ◽  
Gyan Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
New Era ◽  
Mineral Toxicity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Favourable Situation ◽  
Unique Chemical ◽  
Macro Nutrients

: Nanobionics involves the improvement of plant or plant productivity using nanomaterials. Growth of a plant from a seed encompasses various factors which are directly or indirectly dependent upon the imbibition of micro and macro nutrients and vital elements from the soil. Since most of the nutrition is physiologically unavailable to the plants, it leads to mineral deficiencies in plant and mineral toxicity in soil. Either ways, it is not a favourable situation for the microcosom. The new era of nanotechnology offers a potential solution to the availability of the nutrients to the plants due to its unique chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles. Positive and negative impact of these nanoparticles on seed quality and plant growth varies according to the specific properties of nanoparticles. The present review is an attempt to summarize the impact of nanobionics in agriculture.

scholarly journals Improving Drought Tolerance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek): Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan Singh ◽  
Poornima Singh ◽  
Chandrakant Tiwari ◽  
Shalini Purwar ◽  
Mukul Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is considered a severe threat to crop production. It adversely affects the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular functions of the plants, especially in short duration crops like mungbean. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made towards enhancing climate resilience in legumes through classical and next-generation breeding coupled with omics approaches. Various defence mechanisms have been reported as key players in crop adaptation to drought stress. Many researchers have identified potential donors, QTLs/genes and candidate genes associated to drought tolerance-related traits. However, cloning and exploitation of these loci/gene(s) in breeding programmes are still limited. To bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical breeding, we need to reveal the omics-assisted genetic variations associated with drought tolerance in mungbean to tackle this stress. Furthermore, the use of wild relatives in breeding programmes for drought tolerance is also limited and needs to be focused. Even after six years of decoding the whole genome sequence of mungbean, the genome-wide characterization and expression of various gene families and transcriptional factors are still lacking. Due to the complex nature of drought tolerance, it also requires integrating high throughput multi-omics approaches to increase breeding efficiency and genomic selection for rapid genetic gains to develop drought-tolerant mungbean cultivars. This review highlights the impact of drought stress on mungbean and mitigation strategies for breeding high-yielding drought-tolerant mungbean varieties through classical and modern omics technologies.

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