scholarly journals Aminoacids and Flavonoids Profiling in Tempranillo Berries Can Be Modulated by the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torres ◽  
Hilbert ◽  
Antolín ◽  
Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

(1) Background: Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo is cultivated over the world for its wine of high quality. The association of Tempranillo with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) induced the accumulation of phenolics and carotenoids in leaves, affected the metabolism of abscisic acid (ABA) during berry ripening, and modulated some characteristics and quality aspects of grapes. The objective of this study was to elucidate if AMF influenced the profiles and the content of primary and secondary metabolites determinants for berry quality in Tempranillo. (2) Methods: Fruit-bearing cuttings inoculated with AMF or uninoculated were cultivated under controlled conditions. (3) Results: Mycorrhizal symbiosis modified the profile of metabolites in Tempranillo berries, especially those of the primary compounds. The levels of glucose and amino acids clearly increased in berries of mycorrhized Tempranillo grapevines, including those of the aromatic precursor amino acids. However, mycorrhizal inoculation barely influenced the total amount and the profiles of anthocyanins and flavonols in berries. (4) Conclusions: Mycorrhizal inoculation of Tempranillo grapevines may be an alternative to the exogenous application of nitrogen compounds in order to enhance the contents of amino acids in grapes, which may affect the aromatic characteristics of wines.

scholarly journals First Insights into the Effect of Mycorrhizae on the Expression of Pathogen Effectors during the Infection of Grapevine with Plasmopara viticola

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1226
Author(s):  
Ana Cruz-Silva ◽  
Andreia Figueiredo ◽  
Mónica Sebastiana
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽  
Pathogen Effectors ◽  
Rxlr Effectors ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
And Control

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), widely used for berry and wine production, is highly susceptible to the pathogenic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the etiological agent of grapevine downy mildew disease. The method commonly used to prevent and control P. viticola infection relies on multiple applications of chemical fungicides. However, with European Union goals to lower the usage of such chemicals in viticulture there is a need to develop new and more sustainable strategies. The use of beneficial microorganisms with biocontrol capabilities, such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), has been pointed out as a viable alternative. With this study, we intended to investigate the effect of AMF colonization on the expression of P. viticola effectors during infection of grapevine. Grapevine plants were inoculated with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis and, after mycorrhizae development, plants were infected with P. viticola. The expression of P. viticola RxLR effectors was analyzed by real-time PCR (qPCR) during the first hours of interaction. Results show that pre-mycorrhizal inoculation of grapevine alters the expression of several P. viticola effectors; namely, PvRxLR28, which presented decreased expression in mycorrhizal plants at the two time points post-infection tested. These results suggest that the pre-inoculation of grapevine with AMF could interfere with the pathogen’s ability to infect grapevine by modulation of pathogenicity effectors expression, supporting the hypothesis that AMF can be used to increase plant resistance to pathogens and promote more sustainable agriculture practices, particularly in viticulture.

scholarly journals Biostimulatory Action of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhances Productivity, Functional and Sensory Quality in ‘Piennolo del Vesuvio’ Cherry Tomato Landraces

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petronia Carillo ◽  
Angelos Kyratzis ◽  
Marios C. Kyriacou ◽  
Emilia Dell’Aversana ◽  
Giovanna Marta Fusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a promising tool to improve plant nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and tolerance against abiotic stresses. Moreover, AMF can potentially increase plant productivity and reduce the negative externalities of the agricultural sector. Our study aimed to elucidate whether AMF (containing Rhizoglomus irregulare and Funneliformis mosseae) could positively affect not only tomato growth and productivity but also the nutritional and nutraceutical quality of yellow-pigmented type (‘Giagiù’) and red-pigmented type (‘Lucariello’) tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). These cherry tomatoes are landraces of the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) ‘Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio’ (PPV), one of the most typical agricultural products of the Campania region (Southern Italy). AMF rose fruit yield by increasing the number of fruits per plant (+49% and +29% in ‘Giagiù’ and ‘Lucariello’, respectively) but not of the fruit mean mass. AMF increased lycopene (+40%), total ascorbic acid (TAA; +41%), alanine (+162%), gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA; +101%) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; +53%) in ‘Lucariello’. In ‘Giagiù’, AMF increased calcium (+63%), zinc (+45%), ASP (+70%), GABA (+53%) and the essential amino acids arginine (+58%) and lysine (+45%), also indicating a genotype-specific response. In both landraces, AMF improved nutrient uptake and biosynthesis of important molecules involved in the control the oxidative stress and cellular pH. In addition to the beneficial effects of human health, the molecules influenced by the AMF treatment are expected to extend the shelf life of tomato fruits, thus further promoting the useful agronomic application of AMF for premium tomatoes marketed fresh or in pendulums (‘piennoli’).

Advance and Prospect of Mycorrhizal Physic Nut

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5381-5384
Author(s):  
Song Mei Shi ◽  
Bo Tu ◽  
Dai Jun Liu ◽  
Xiao Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Gene Engineering ◽  
Energy Plant

Physic nut (Jatropha curcas Linn., Euphorbiaceae) is one of the hottest biomass energy plant studied by scientists. This paper first reviewed the symbiosis relationship between physic nut and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The researches have showed that diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) exists around the rhizosphere of physic nut. The AMF hyphae colonize root tips of physic nut to develop arbuscular mycorrhizae. The construction of mycorrhizal symbiosis relationship improves the nutritional absorption, promotes the growth and development of seedlings, and enhance the stress tolerance capacity of physic nut. This paper also displays a prospect for mycorrhizal physic nut research in the future, such as mycorrhizal system, the molecular mechanism for stress resistance and gene engineering. As an important resource of biomass energy, mycorrhizal physic nut has a huge exploitation potential and practical value.

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Grass and Weed in Acidic Andosol

2013 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 664-669
Author(s):  
En Wu ◽  
Guo Rong Xin ◽  
Kazuo Sugawara
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Anthoxanthum Odoratum ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Positive Effect

With the aggravation of volcanic ash Andosol acidification, artificial forage grass Dactylis glomerata L. gradual degradation, replaced by weed plant Anthoxanthum odoratum L., but the mechanism is unclear. In order to reveal the mechanism, this study used Andosol soil as matrix, explored the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on D. glomerata and A. odoratum at different pH gradients in acidic Andosol by glasshouse experiment. The results show that the mycorrhizal colonization of D. glomerata strongly affected by soil pH, but the A. odoratum was not yet. The mycorrhizal symbiosis led to a positive effect on growth and P uptake of D. glomerata and A. odoratum. Consider to invasion and expansion of A. odoratum in severity acidic pasture is origin of this specificity on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in acidic soil other than D. glomerata.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Regulate Flowering of Hyacinths orientalis L. Anna Marie

2018 ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-Miao Xie, Q.-Sheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Flower Stem ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent positive effects on growth performance, nutrient absorption and stressed tolerance of host plants, whereas it is not clear whether AMF can affect flowering traits of ornamental plants. In this work, Diversispora spurca, D. versiformis, and Funneliformis mosseae were applied to rhizosphere of potted hyacinth (Hyacinths orientalis L. Anna Marie) plants. After four months of mycorrhizal inoculation, root could be colonized by exogenous AMF species, varied from 38% to 49%, whilst F. mosseae had the best mycorrhizal status. Out of these AMF species used, only F. mosseae-inoculated plants recorded greater raceme length and biomass production of single flowerlet, raceme, and flower stem. F. mosseae also induced the flowering earlier in 2 days and prolonged flowering time for 3 days. D. versiformis postponed 2 days for flowering. Mycorrhizal plants recorded considerably higher acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) levels in flowers, irrespective of AMF species. F. mosseae-inoculated plants had significantly higher methyl jasmonate (MeJA) concentrations in flowers than other AMF- or non-AMF-treated plants. These results thereby conclude that F. mosseae can be used to regulate flowering of H. orientalis L. Anna Marie, including flowering earlier and prolonging flowering time, which is closely associated with IAA, ZR and MeJA levels in flowers.

scholarly journals Effet de l’inoculation mycorhizienne avec des souches des champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires sur la croissance de Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC en condition contrôlée

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1065-1073
Author(s):  
Hadou Haro ◽  
Kadidia Semde ◽  
Kadidiata Bahadio ◽  
Kadidia B. Sanon
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Au Burkina Faso, l’élevage occupe plus de 80% des ménages ruraux et constitue le troisième produit d’exportation après l’or et le coton. De type extensif, cet élevage est basé essentiellement sur l’exploitation des ressources naturelles. Ainsi, il doit s’adapter aux grandes variations saisonnières et interannuelles des ressources en biomasse végétale et en eau. Or les aléas climatiques, l’étendue et la qualité des pâturages, de même que les contraintes rendent l’activité pastorale souvent précaire. C’est ainsi que cette étude a été initiée dans le but de contribuer à améliorer la production fourragère. Dans cette étude, Mucuna pruriens a été cultivé en serre et inoculé avec deux inocula de champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires. Les paramètres de croissance ont été mesurés à 30 et 60 jours après semis. La biomasse aérienne, racinaire et totale a été évaluée à 60 jours après semis. Les résultats montrent une amélioration de la croissance en hauteur du mucuna de 225,76%, de la biomasse aérienne de 56,79%, la biomasse racinaire de 70% et la biomasse totale de 61,16% par rapport au témoin non inoculé. Cette étude a montré des résultats intéressants et mérite d’être approfondie par des essais in situ tout en étendant l’étude sur les inoculations rhizobiennes.Mots clés : Mucuna, inoculation mycorhizienne, champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires.   English Title: Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains on Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC growth under controlled conditionIn Burkina Faso, breeding occupies more than 80% of rural households and is the third export product after gold and cotton. Extensive type, this breeding is based essentially on the exploitation of natural resources. Thus, it must adapt to large seasonal and interannual variations in plant biomass and water resources. Climatic hazards, the extent and quality of pastures, as well as constraints make pastoral activity often precarious. Therefore, this study was initiated with the aim of helping to improve forage production. In this study, Mucuna pruriens was grown in a greenhouse and inoculated with two inocula of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The growth parameters were measured at 30 and 60 days after sowing. Shoot, root and total biomass was evaluated at 60 days after sowing. The results show an improvement in the height growth of mucuna by 225.76%, shoot biomass by 56.79%, root biomass by 70% and total biomass by 61.16% compared to the control. This study showed interesting results and deserves to be deepened by in situ tests while extending the study of rhizobial inoculations. Keywords: Mucuna, mycorrhizal inoculation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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