scholarly journals Drought Stress Affects the Response of Italian Local Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Varieties in a Genotype-Dependent Manner

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Veronica Conti ◽  
Lavinia Mareri ◽  
Claudia Faleri ◽  
Massimo Nepi ◽  
Marco Romi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
The Face ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Local Germplasm

Drought stress is one of the most severe conditions for plants, especially in the face of the emerging problem of global warming. This issue is important when considering economically relevant crops, including the tomato. For these plants, a promising solution is the valorization of local agrobiodiversity as a source of genetic variability. In this paper we investigated how six Italian tomato varieties react to a prolonged period of water depletion. We used a multidisciplinary approach, from genetics to plant physiology and cytology, to provide a detailed overview of the response of plants to stress. The varieties analyzed, each characterized by a specific genetic profile, showed a genotype-specific response with the variety ‘Fragola’ being the most resistant and the variety ‘Pisanello’ the most susceptible. For all the parameters evaluated, ‘Fragola’ performed in a manner comparable to that of control plants. On the contrary, ‘Pisanello’ appeared to be more affected and showed an increase in the number of stomata and a drastic increase in antioxidants, a symptom of acute oxidative stress. Our work suggests the existence of a valuable reservoir of genetic biodiversity with more drought-tolerant tomato genotypes opening the way to further exploitation and use of local germplasm in breeding programs.

Drought-induced changes in the accumulation of boiling-soluble proteins (p40, GST, HSP90) in the grains of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivars of Triticum aestivum

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurmeen Rakhra ◽  
Arun Dev Sharma ◽  
Jatinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Specific Regulation

Approximately 70% of crop yield losses are caused by abiotic stresses, with drought being the most serious threat to crop production in many areas of the world. Plants have developed physiological and biochemical responses at multiple levels to allow them to grow and survive under drought stress. Among these, hydrophilins (BSPs, proteins soluble after boiling), representing 0.2% of the total genome, play an important role in the stress adaptation in plants. In this study, we examined the effect of drought on BSPs at different developmental stages of leaves and seeds in drought-tolerant (cv. PBW 175) and drought-susceptible (cv. PBW 621) cultivars of Triticum aestivum. The BSP profiles of seeds were outlined via SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblot analysis using anti-HSP (heat shock protein-90), anti-GST (glutathione S-transferases) and anti-p40 (protein 40). In SDS-PAGE profile, BSPs were detected in a genotype- and treatment-dependent manner. Notably, no BSPs were detected in shoots at any stage, whereas in seeds, many BSPs were detected, indicating organ-specific regulation of BSPs. In western blotting, the induced accumulation of protein bands Bsp40-51 and 59 and presence of differential band of BsHSP44 under drought conditions was observed only in tolerant cv. PBW 175, not in sensitive cv. PBW 621, indicating the roles of such proteins in drought-stress adaptation. BSPs were accumulated at different developmental stages in a cultivar- and stage-dependent manner. The induced expression of different BSPs under drought conditions in tolerant cv. PBW 175 implies the relevance of these BSPs under drought conditions. Notably, the different BSPs were also expressed under normal growth and developmental stages at 57 and 76 days post-anthesis, implying their key role in earlier stages and maturity of grain development.

scholarly journals Studies on the Accumulation of Drought-Induced Boiling Soluble Proteins (Hydrophilins) at Vegetative and Reproductive Phases of Drought Tolerant and Susceptible Cultivars of Triticum aestivum

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
Gurmeen RAKHRA ◽  
Arun Dev SHARMA ◽  
Jatinder SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Boiling Soluble Proteins

Drought is one of the major environmental constraints affecting the crops worldwide. Expression of boiling soluble proteins (BSPs) is of paramount importance, because they play important roles in the water stress responses and also in plant metabolism. In this study, the effect of drought on BSPs at vegetative (shoots) and reproductive (seeds) phases of drought tolerant (cv. ‘PBW 527’) and drought susceptible (cv. ‘PBW 343’) cultivars of Triticumaestivum were carried at three different developmental stages. The boiling soluble protein profiles of shoots and seeds were outlined via SDS-PAGE followed by immune-blot analysis using anti-HSP, anti-APase, anti-LEA, anti-SOD, anti-AQUA and anti-CAT antibodies. Western blot analysis revealed that expression of BSPs was modulated differentially in a stress, tissue, developmental stage and cultivar dependent manner. For instance, enhanced expression of seeds BSPs (APase, LEA, CAT, AQUA) was observed in the tolerant cv. ‘PBW 527’ after drought stress. However, no such enhancement was observed in the susceptible cultivar. Similarly, in shoots of cv. ‘PBW 527’, a substantial increase of BSP (SOD) expression was established after drought stress treatment, indicating their role in drought stress adaptation. Further, to gain an insight into the role of BSPs, a time course pre- and post-stress kinetic studies were also conducted in the seeds of tolerant and susceptible wheat cultivars. Based upon the observations, the possible role of boiling soluble proteins (hydrophilins) in water stress tolerance is discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of auxin and cytokinin on the regeneration and growth of shoot tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) in drought stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Thang Thanh Tran ◽  
Hoang Ngo Phan ◽  
Tuan Minh Nguy ◽  
Huong Thanh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Drought Stress Condition

Tomato is one of the most popular foods in the world. However, drought stress has strongly decreased the growth and yield of tomatoes. Therefore, the study on drought-tolerant tomatoes is essential. In this paper, tomato cultivar TN704, which is popularly grown in Vietnam's Southeast and Vietnam's Mekong Delta was selected. The combination of auxin (IAA, indoleacetic acid) and cytokinin (zeatin) at different concentrations was investigated to determine the effective regeneration media. Then, the drought pretreatment was applied to obtain drought-tolerant shoots. The drought tolerance of regenerated shoots was checked by culture in the drought stress condition after two generations (F1 and F2). The physiological and biochemical changes of regenerated shoots in the drought stress condition were analyzed. The MS 1 2 medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IAA and 0.5 mg/L zeatin was the effective medium for in vitro shoot regeneration from tomato leaves. The drought pretreatment (MS 1 2 with 20 g/L mannitol) increased the number of regenerated shoots which can develop in the drought stress condition. The regenerated shoots in the F1 and F2 generations grew strongly under drought conditions. The content of chlorophyll, carotenoid and proline, the intensity of respiration and photosynthesis, and the activity of auxin and cytokinin in leaves of F1 and F2 plant were higher than the control.

Mitigation of drought stress in maize through inoculation with drought tolerant ACC deaminase containing PGPR under axenic conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhan Danish ◽  
Muhammad Zafar-Ul-Hye ◽  
Shahid Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Axenic Conditions

scholarly journals Exploring Smallholder Farmers’ Preferences for Climate-Smart Seed Innovations: Empirical Evidence from Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2786
Author(s):  
Shimelis Araya Geda ◽  
Rainer Kühl
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mnl Model ◽  
Participatory Research Methods

Rapid plant breeding is essential to overcome low productivity problems in the face of climatic challenges. Despite considerable efforts to improve breeding practices in Ethiopia, increasing varietal release does not necessarily imply that farmers have access to innovative varietal choices. Prior research did not adequately address whether varietal attributes are compatible with farmers’ preferences in harsh environmental conditions. With an agricultural policy mainly aiming to achieve productivity maximization, existing breeding programs prioritize varietal development based on yield superiority. Against this background, we estimated a multinomial logit (MNL) model based on choice-experiment data from 167 bean growers in southern Ethiopia to explore whether farmers’ attribute preferences significantly diverge from those of breeders’ priorities. Four important bean attributes identified through participatory research methods were used. The results demonstrate that farmers have a higher propensity toward drought-tolerant capability than any of the attributes considered. The model estimates further show the existence of significant preference heterogeneity across farmers. These findings provide important insight to design breeding profiles compatible with specific producer segments. We suggest demand-driven breeding innovations and dissemination strategies in order to accelerate the adoption of climate-smart and higher-yielding bean innovations that contribute to achieve the national and global sustainability goals in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Improving Drought Tolerance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek): Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan Singh ◽  
Poornima Singh ◽  
Chandrakant Tiwari ◽  
Shalini Purwar ◽  
Mukul Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is considered a severe threat to crop production. It adversely affects the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular functions of the plants, especially in short duration crops like mungbean. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made towards enhancing climate resilience in legumes through classical and next-generation breeding coupled with omics approaches. Various defence mechanisms have been reported as key players in crop adaptation to drought stress. Many researchers have identified potential donors, QTLs/genes and candidate genes associated to drought tolerance-related traits. However, cloning and exploitation of these loci/gene(s) in breeding programmes are still limited. To bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical breeding, we need to reveal the omics-assisted genetic variations associated with drought tolerance in mungbean to tackle this stress. Furthermore, the use of wild relatives in breeding programmes for drought tolerance is also limited and needs to be focused. Even after six years of decoding the whole genome sequence of mungbean, the genome-wide characterization and expression of various gene families and transcriptional factors are still lacking. Due to the complex nature of drought tolerance, it also requires integrating high throughput multi-omics approaches to increase breeding efficiency and genomic selection for rapid genetic gains to develop drought-tolerant mungbean cultivars. This review highlights the impact of drought stress on mungbean and mitigation strategies for breeding high-yielding drought-tolerant mungbean varieties through classical and modern omics technologies.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the PDI Gene Family Reveals Their Probable Involvement in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Antt Htet Wai ◽  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
A B M Mahbub Morshed Khan ◽  
Ujjal Kumar Nath ◽  
Do Jin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Protein Disulfide

Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) and PDI-like proteins catalyze the formation and isomerization of protein disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevent the buildup of misfolded proteins under abiotic stress conditions. In the present study, we conducted the first comprehensive genome-wide exploration of the PDI gene family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). We identified 19 tomato PDI genes that were unevenly distributed on 8 of the 12 tomato chromosomes, with segmental duplications detected for 3 paralogous gene pairs. Expression profiling of the PDI genes revealed that most of them were differentially expressed across different organs and developmental stages of the fruit. Furthermore, most of the PDI genes were highly induced by heat, salt, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, while relatively few of the genes were induced by cold and nutrient and water deficit (NWD) stresses. The predominant expression of SlPDI1-1, SlPDI1-3, SlPDI1-4, SlPDI2-1, SlPDI4-1, and SlPDI5-1 in response to abiotic stress and ABA treatment suggested they play regulatory roles in abiotic stress tolerance in tomato in an ABA-dependent manner. Our results provide new insight into the structure and function of PDI genes and will be helpful for the selection of candidate genes involved in fruit development and abiotic stress tolerance in tomato.

scholarly journals Genome wide identification and characterization of light-harvesting Chloro a/b binding (LHC) genes reveals their potential role in enhancing drought tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teame Gereziher MEHARI ◽  
Yanchao XU ◽  
Richard Odongo MAGWANGA ◽  
Muhammad Jawad UMER ◽  
Joy Nyangasi KIRUNGU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Substitution Rate ◽  
Synonymous Substitution ◽  
Synonymous Substitution Rate ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Abstract Background Cotton is an important commercial crop for being a valuable source of natural fiber. Its production has undergone a sharp decline because of abiotic stresses, etc. Drought is one of the major abiotic stress causing significant yield losses in cotton. However, plants have evolved self-defense mechanisms to cope abiotic factors like drought, salt, cold, etc. The evolution of stress responsive transcription factors such as the trihelix, a nodule-inception-like protein (NLP), and the late embryogenesis abundant proteins have shown positive response in the resistance improvement to several abiotic stresses. Results Genome wide identification and characterization of the effects of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding (LHC) genes were carried out in cotton under drought stress conditions. A hundred and nine proteins encoded by the LHC genes were found in the cotton genome, with 55, 27, and 27 genes found to be distributed in Gossypium hirsutum, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii, respectively. The proteins encoded by the genes were unevenly distributed on various chromosomes. The Ka/Ks (Non-synonymous substitution rate/Synonymous substitution rate) values were less than one, an indication of negative selection of the gene family. Differential expressions of genes showed that majority of the genes are being highly upregulated in the roots as compared with leaves and stem tissues. Most genes were found to be highly expressed in MR-85, a relative drought tolerant germplasm. Conclusion The results provide proofs of the possible role of the LHC genes in improving drought stress tolerance, and can be explored by cotton breeders in releasing a more drought tolerant cotton varieties.

scholarly journals The signing body: extensive sign language practice shapes the size of hands and face

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mora ◽  
Anna Sedda ◽  
Teresa Esteban ◽  
Gianna Cocchini
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Space Condition ◽  
Hand Size ◽  
Stable Representation ◽  
The Face

AbstractThe representation of the metrics of the hands is distorted, but is susceptible to malleability due to expert dexterity (magicians) and long-term tool use (baseball players). However, it remains unclear whether modulation leads to a stable representation of the hand that is adopted in every circumstance, or whether the modulation is closely linked to the spatial context where the expertise occurs. To this aim, a group of 10 experienced Sign Language (SL) interpreters were recruited to study the selective influence of expertise and space localisation in the metric representation of hands. Experiment 1 explored differences in hands’ size representation between the SL interpreters and 10 age-matched controls in near-reaching (Condition 1) and far-reaching space (Condition 2), using the localisation task. SL interpreters presented reduced hand size in near-reaching condition, with characteristic underestimation of finger lengths, and reduced overestimation of hands and wrists widths in comparison with controls. This difference was lost in far-reaching space, confirming the effect of expertise on hand representations is closely linked to the spatial context where an action is performed. As SL interpreters are also experts in the use of their face with communication purposes, the effects of expertise in the metrics of the face were also studied (Experiment 2). SL interpreters were more accurate than controls, with overall reduction of width overestimation. Overall, expertise modifies the representation of relevant body parts in a specific and context-dependent manner. Hence, different representations of the same body part can coexist simultaneously.

scholarly journals Drought Tolerant near Isogenic Lines (NILs) of Pusa 44 Developed through Marker Assisted Introgression of qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1 Enhances Yield under Reproductive Stage Drought Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Priyanka Dwivedi ◽  
Naleeni Ramawat ◽  
Gaurav Dhawan ◽  
Subbaiyan Gopala Krishnan ◽  
Kunnummal Kurungara Vinod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Improvement

Reproductive stage drought stress (RSDS) is detrimental for rice, which affects its productivity as well as grain quality. In the present study, we introgressed two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), namely, qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1, governing RSDS tolerance in a popular high yielding non-aromatic rice cultivar, Pusa 44, through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Pusa 44 is highly sensitive to RSDS, which restricts its cultivation across drought-prone environments. Foreground selection was carried out using markers, RM520 for qDTY3.1 and RM 521 for qDTY2.1. Background selection was achieved with 97 polymorphic SSR markers in tandem with phenotypic selection to achieve faster recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery. Three successive backcrosses followed by three selfings aided RPG recoveries of 98.6% to 99.4% among 31 near isogenic lines (NILs). Fourteen NILs were found to be significantly superior in yield and grain quality under RSDS with higher drought tolerance efficiency (DTE) than Pusa 44. Among these, the evaluation of two promising NILs in the multilocational trial during Kharif 2019 showed that they were significantly superior to Pusa 44 under reproductive stage drought stress, while performing on par with Pusa 44 under normal irrigated conditions. These di-QTL pyramided drought-tolerant NILs are in the final stages of testing the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project varietal trials for cultivar release. Alternately, the elite drought-tolerant Pusa 44 NILs will serve as an invaluable source of drought tolerance in rice improvement.

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