Drought-induced changes in the accumulation of boiling-soluble proteins (p40, GST, HSP90) in the grains of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivars of Triticum aestivum

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurmeen Rakhra ◽  
Arun Dev Sharma ◽  
Jatinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Specific Regulation

Approximately 70% of crop yield losses are caused by abiotic stresses, with drought being the most serious threat to crop production in many areas of the world. Plants have developed physiological and biochemical responses at multiple levels to allow them to grow and survive under drought stress. Among these, hydrophilins (BSPs, proteins soluble after boiling), representing 0.2% of the total genome, play an important role in the stress adaptation in plants. In this study, we examined the effect of drought on BSPs at different developmental stages of leaves and seeds in drought-tolerant (cv. PBW 175) and drought-susceptible (cv. PBW 621) cultivars of Triticum aestivum. The BSP profiles of seeds were outlined via SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblot analysis using anti-HSP (heat shock protein-90), anti-GST (glutathione S-transferases) and anti-p40 (protein 40). In SDS-PAGE profile, BSPs were detected in a genotype- and treatment-dependent manner. Notably, no BSPs were detected in shoots at any stage, whereas in seeds, many BSPs were detected, indicating organ-specific regulation of BSPs. In western blotting, the induced accumulation of protein bands Bsp40-51 and 59 and presence of differential band of BsHSP44 under drought conditions was observed only in tolerant cv. PBW 175, not in sensitive cv. PBW 621, indicating the roles of such proteins in drought-stress adaptation. BSPs were accumulated at different developmental stages in a cultivar- and stage-dependent manner. The induced expression of different BSPs under drought conditions in tolerant cv. PBW 175 implies the relevance of these BSPs under drought conditions. Notably, the different BSPs were also expressed under normal growth and developmental stages at 57 and 76 days post-anthesis, implying their key role in earlier stages and maturity of grain development.

scholarly journals Profiling, isolation and characterisation of beneficial microbes from the seed microbiomes of drought tolerant wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Hone ◽  
Ross Mann ◽  
Guodong Yang ◽  
Jatinder Kaur ◽  
Ian Tannenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Commercial Crop ◽  
Wheat Lines

AbstractClimate change is predicted to increase the incidence and severity of drought conditions, posing a significant challenge for agriculture globally. Plant microbiomes have been demonstrated to aid crop species in the mitigation of drought stress. The study investigated the differences between the seed microbiomes of drought tolerant and drought susceptible wheat lines. Furthermore, it highlighted and quantified the degree of drought tolerance conferred by specific microbes isolated from drought tolerant wheat seed microbiomes. Metagenomic and culture-based methods were used to profile and characterise the seed microbiome composition of drought tolerant and drought susceptible wheat lines under rainfed and drought conditions. Isolates from certain genera were enriched by drought tolerant wheat lines when placed under drought stress. Wheat inoculated with isolates from these targeted genera, such as Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens (Cf D3-25) and Arthrobacter sp. (Ar sp. D4-14) demonstrated the ability to promote growth under drought conditions. This study indicates seed microbiomes from genetically distinct wheat lines enrich for beneficial bacteria in ways that are both line-specific and responsive to environmental stress. As such, seed from stress-phenotyped lines represent an invaluable resource for the identification of beneficial microbes with plant growth promoting activity that could improve commercial crop production.

scholarly journals Drought Tolerant Wheat Varieties Enrich Seed Microbiomes For Beneficial Microbes Under Drought Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Hone ◽  
Ross Mann ◽  
Guodong Yang ◽  
Jatinder Kaur ◽  
Ian Tannenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Wheat Lines

Abstract Climate change is predicted to increase the incidence and severity of drought conditions, posing a significant challenge for agriculture globally. Plant microbiomes have been demonstrated to aid crop species mitigate drought stress. In this study the wheat seed microbiomes from lines with contrasting drought tolerances were interrogated for microbes that alleviate drought stress. Metagenomic and culture-based methods were used to profile and characterise the seed microbiome composition of four drought tolerant and three drought susceptible wheat lines under rainfed and drought conditions. Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens (Cf D3-25) and Arthrobacter sp. (Ar sp. D4-14) were isolates enriched in drought tolerant lines under drought conditions and demonstrated the ability to promote wheat growth under drought conditions. Members of Triticeae inoculated with Cf D3-25 and Ar sp. D4-14 showed a biostimulation affect. This study indicates seed microbiomes from genetically distinct wheat lines enrich for beneficial bacteria in ways that are both line-specific and responsive to environmental stress. As such, seed from stress-phenotyped lines represents an invaluable resource for the identification of beneficial microbes with plant growth promoting activity that could improve commercial crop production, particularly under drought stress.

scholarly journals Improving Drought Tolerance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek): Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan Singh ◽  
Poornima Singh ◽  
Chandrakant Tiwari ◽  
Shalini Purwar ◽  
Mukul Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is considered a severe threat to crop production. It adversely affects the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular functions of the plants, especially in short duration crops like mungbean. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made towards enhancing climate resilience in legumes through classical and next-generation breeding coupled with omics approaches. Various defence mechanisms have been reported as key players in crop adaptation to drought stress. Many researchers have identified potential donors, QTLs/genes and candidate genes associated to drought tolerance-related traits. However, cloning and exploitation of these loci/gene(s) in breeding programmes are still limited. To bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical breeding, we need to reveal the omics-assisted genetic variations associated with drought tolerance in mungbean to tackle this stress. Furthermore, the use of wild relatives in breeding programmes for drought tolerance is also limited and needs to be focused. Even after six years of decoding the whole genome sequence of mungbean, the genome-wide characterization and expression of various gene families and transcriptional factors are still lacking. Due to the complex nature of drought tolerance, it also requires integrating high throughput multi-omics approaches to increase breeding efficiency and genomic selection for rapid genetic gains to develop drought-tolerant mungbean cultivars. This review highlights the impact of drought stress on mungbean and mitigation strategies for breeding high-yielding drought-tolerant mungbean varieties through classical and modern omics technologies.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Origins of Drought Tolerance in Spermatophytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. C. Bowles ◽  
Jordi Paps ◽  
Ulrike Bechtold
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Binary Trait ◽  
Gene Gain ◽  
Plant Kingdom ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Future Production

It is commonly known that drought stress is a major constraint limiting crop production. Drought stress and associated drought tolerance mechanisms are therefore under intense investigation with the view to future production of drought tolerant crops. With an ever-growing population and variable climate, novel approaches need to be considered to sustainably feed future generations. In this context, definitions of drought tolerance are highly variable, which poses a major challenge for the systematic assessment of this trait across the plant kingdom. Furthermore, drought tolerance is a polygenic trait and understanding the evolution of this complex trait may inform us about patterns of gene gain and loss in relation to diverse drought adaptations. We look at the transition of plants from water to land, and the role of drought tolerance in enabling this transition, before discussing the first drought tolerant plant and common drought responses amongst vascular plants. We reviewed the distribution of a combined “drought tolerance” trait in very broad terms to encompass different experimental systems and definitions used in the current literature and assigned a binary trait “tolerance vs. sensitivity” in 178 extant plant species. By simplifying drought responses of plants into this “binary” trait we were able to explore the evolution of drought tolerance across the wider plant kingdom, compared to previous studies. We show how this binary “drought tolerance/sensitivity” trait has evolved and discuss how incorporating this information into an evolutionary genomics framework could provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying extreme drought adaptations.

scholarly journals Effect of SiO2 nanoparticles on drought resistance in hawthorn seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Ashkavand ◽  
Masoud Tabari ◽  
Mehrdad Zarafshar ◽  
Ivana Tomášková ◽  
Daniel Struve
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract Drought is a significant factor limiting crop production in arid regions while hawthorns (Crataegus sp.) are an important component of such region’s forests. Therefore, treatments that increase hawthorn drought resistance may also increase transplanting success. Thus, the physiological and biochemical responses of hawthorn seedlings to a factorial combination of different concentrations of silica nanoparticles (SNPs at 0, 10, 50 and 100 mg L−1) and three soil moisture treatments (without stress, moderate stress and severe stress) were investigated. Seedlings were irrigated with one of the four concentrations of SNPs for 45 days before exposing them to drought stress. Photosynthesis parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA), relative water content (RWC), membrane electrolyte leakage (ELI) as well as chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate and proline content were determined. At the end of the experiment, positive effects by SNP pre-treatment on physiological indexes were observed during drought stress. Under drought conditions, the effect of SNPs on photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance was evident. Although the SNPs increased plant biomass, xylem water potential and MDA content, especially under drought conditions, RWC and ELI were not affected by the SNP pre-treatments. Seedlings pre-treated with SNPs had a decreased carbohydrate and proline content under all water regimes, but especially so under drought. Total chlorophyll content and carotenoid content did not change among the treatments. Generally, the findings imply that SNPs play a positive role in maintaining critical physiological and biochemical functions in hawthorn seedlings under drought stress conditions. However, more studies are needed before the physiological and biochemical basis of induced drought resistance can be determined.

scholarly journals Combined Use of Endophytic Bacteria and Pre-Sowing Treatment of Thiamine Mitigates the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6582
Author(s):  
Syeda Fasiha Amjad ◽  
Nida Mansoora ◽  
Samia Yaseen ◽  
Afifa Kamal ◽  
Beenish Butt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
The Impact

On a global scale, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a widely cultivated crop among all cereals. Increasing pollution, population expansion, socio-economic development, ecological and industrial policies have induced changes in overall climatic attributes. The impact of these factors on agriculture dynamics has led to various biotic and abiotic stresses, i.e., significant decline in rainfall, directly affect sustainable agriculture. Increasing abiotic stresses have a direct negative effect on worldwide crop production. More promising and improved stress-tolerant strategies that can help to feed the increasing global population are required. A laboratory experiment was performed on two of the latest wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (Akbar 2019 and Anaj 2017) from Punjab Pakistan, to determine the influence of seed priming with thiamine (vitamin B1) along with soil inoculation of Endophytic bacterial strains to mitigate the effects of drought stress at different degrees. Results revealed that thiamine helped in the remote germination; seeds of Anaj 2017 germinated within 16 hours while Akbar 2019 germinated after one day. Overall growth parameters of Anaj 2017 were negatively affected even under higher levels of drought stress, while Akbar 2019 proved to be a susceptible cultivar. A significant increase in RFW (54%), SFW (85%), RDW (69%), SDW (67%) and TChl (136%) validated the effectiveness of D-T3 compared to C-T0 in drought stress. Significant decrease in MDA, EL and H2O2 signified the imperative function of D-T3 over C-T0 under drought stress. In conclusion and recommendation, we declare that farmers can get better wheat growth under drought stress by application of D-T3 over C-T0.

scholarly journals Drought Stress Affects the Response of Italian Local Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Varieties in a Genotype-Dependent Manner

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Veronica Conti ◽  
Lavinia Mareri ◽  
Claudia Faleri ◽  
Massimo Nepi ◽  
Marco Romi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
The Face ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Local Germplasm

Drought stress is one of the most severe conditions for plants, especially in the face of the emerging problem of global warming. This issue is important when considering economically relevant crops, including the tomato. For these plants, a promising solution is the valorization of local agrobiodiversity as a source of genetic variability. In this paper we investigated how six Italian tomato varieties react to a prolonged period of water depletion. We used a multidisciplinary approach, from genetics to plant physiology and cytology, to provide a detailed overview of the response of plants to stress. The varieties analyzed, each characterized by a specific genetic profile, showed a genotype-specific response with the variety ‘Fragola’ being the most resistant and the variety ‘Pisanello’ the most susceptible. For all the parameters evaluated, ‘Fragola’ performed in a manner comparable to that of control plants. On the contrary, ‘Pisanello’ appeared to be more affected and showed an increase in the number of stomata and a drastic increase in antioxidants, a symptom of acute oxidative stress. Our work suggests the existence of a valuable reservoir of genetic biodiversity with more drought-tolerant tomato genotypes opening the way to further exploitation and use of local germplasm in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Co-inoculation of rhizobacteria promotes growth, yield, and nutrient contents in soybean and improves soil enzymes and nutrients under drought conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Jabborova ◽  
Annapurna Kannepalli ◽  
Kakhramon Davranov ◽  
Abdujalil Narimanov ◽  
Yuriy Enakiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Drought Conditions

AbstractDrought stress is the major abiotic factor limiting crop production. Co-inoculating crops with nitrogen fixing bacteria and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improves plant growth and increases drought tolerance in arid or semiarid areas. Soybean is a major source of high-quality protein and oil for humans. It is susceptible to drought stress conditions. The co-inoculation of drought-stressed soybean with nodulating rhizobia and root-colonizing, PGPR improves the root and the shoot growth, formation of nodules, and nitrogen fixation capacity in soybean. The present study was aimed to observe if the co-inoculation of soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr.) nodulating with Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 and PGPR Pseudomonas putida NUU8 can enhance drought tolerance, nodulation, plant growth, and nutrient uptake under drought conditions. The results of the study showed that co-inoculation with B. japonicum USDA110 and P. putida NUU8 gave more benefits in nodulation and growth of soybean compared to plants inoculated with B. japonicum USDA110 alone and uninoculated control. Under drought conditions, co-inoculation of B. japonicum USDA 110 and P. putida NUU8 significantly enhanced the root length by 56%, shoot length by 33%, root dry weight by 47%, shoot dry weight by 48%, and nodule number 17% compared to the control under drought-stressed. Co-inoculation with B. japonicum, USDA 110 and P. putida NUU8 significantly enhanced plant and soil nutrients and soil enzymes compared to control under normal and drought stress conditions. The synergistic use of B. japonicum USDA110 and P. putida NUU8 improves plant growth and nodulation of soybean under drought stress conditions. The results suggested that these strains could be used to formulate a consortium of biofertilizers for sustainable production of soybean under drought-stressed field conditions.

scholarly journals Relating Whole-plant Photosynthesis to Physiological Acclimations at Leaf and Cellular Scales under Drought Stress in Bedding Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Krishna Nemali ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis

Bedding plants are at increased risk for exposure to drought stress during production because they are grown in small containers. Physiological mechanisms of bedding plants at leaf and cellular scales that regulate whole-plant photosynthesis under drought conditions are not well understood. This information can be useful for screening bedding plant cultivars with improved drought-tolerance and generate guidelines to mitigate drought stress during production. We subjected drought-sensitive salvia (Salvia splendens ‘Bonfire Red’) and drought-tolerant vinca (Catharanthus roseus ‘Cooler Peppermint’) to gradual drought stress inside whole-plant gas exchange chambers. Substrate water content (Θ), whole-plant net photosynthesis (Pn_avg), whole-plant respiration (Rd_avg), and daily carbon gain (DCG) were measured continuously, whereas stomatal conductance (gS) to water, leaf water (ΨL), osmotic (ΨS), and turgor (ΨP) potentials were measured at the start and end of the drought phase. In addition, ΨS was measured before exposure to stress and after thoroughly rehydrating plants. Dark-adapted quantum efficiency (dark-adapted ΦPSII) was measured after rehydrating plants. The results indicated that, at whole-plant scale, vinca continued to uptake water at lower Θ levels than the Θ level that resulted in wilting of salvia. There were no differences in Rd_avg; however, Pn_avg and DCG of salvia decreased at a higher Θ level than that of vinca. This indicated that salvia experienced drought stress at a higher Θ level than did vinca. At the leaf scale, there were no differences in ΨL; however, a more negative ΨS (P = 0.06) and significantly higher ΨP were observed in vinca (compared to salvia) under drought conditions. In addition, ΨS was not different between species before exposure to drought, whereas ΨS of rehydrated leaves after exposure to drought in vinca was significantly lower than that in salvia. Moreover, ΨS of rehydrated leaves after exposure to drought was significantly lower than that observed before exposure to drought in vinca. This indicated osmotic adjustment (OA) in vinca under drought conditions. Dark-adapted ΦPSII was lower in salvia than in vinca after exposure to drought, indicating damage to photosynthetic mechanisms. Our results suggested that increased OA likely helped to maintain higher ΨP under drought conditions and continuation of water uptake at lower Θ in vinca compared to salvia. In addition, healthier photosynthetic mechanisms of vinca (compared to salvia) under drought conditions likely resulted in its higher Pn_avg and DCG at lower Θ. Screening for OA and dark-adapted ΦPSII may be useful for developing drought-tolerant bedding plant cultivars.

Proteomic identification of an alpha class glutathione S-transferase in freshwater snails (Bulinus globosus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-390
Author(s):  
Yetunde A. Ayinuola ◽  
Isaac O. Adewale
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Visceral Mass ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
The Status ◽  
Bulinus Globosus

Abstract Bulinus globosus is a freshwater snail that serves as intermediate host for Schistosoma haematobium and is known to be drought-tolerant. A previous report on the alteration in the status of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in B. globosus during aestivation and recovery, suggested that GST might be involved in the adaptation of the organism to drought. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize GST isoforms that are displayed in snails under drought stress, sampled during the dry season, and those under recovery, sampled during the rainy season. Our data show that the hepatopancreas contained the highest level of GST compared to foot muscle, hemolymph, and visceral mass. GST activity in the hepatopancreas of snails under drought stress was about 2-3 times higher than that of the recovered snails. Activity staining of a polyacrylamide gel revealed that B. globosus both in the active and inactive state has at least three forms of GST. Based on SDS-PAGE, the multiplicity of the main GSTs in the hepatopancreas of B. globosus (BgGSTs) was further revealed by the presence of five protein bands. In addition, LC-MS/MS analysis of BgGST 2, 3 and 4 revealed the expression of alpha GST. In conclusion, B. globosus exhibits tissue-specific expression of multiple GSTs with elevated activities when the organism is under stress. Elevated activities coupled with an alpha GST class expression accentuate the role of BgGSTs as an antioxidant defense system, in particular under stress conditions.

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