scholarly journals High Resistance of Potato to Early Blight Is Achieved by Expression of the Pro-SmAMP1 Gene for Hevein-Like Antimicrobial Peptides from Common Chickweed (Stellaria media)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1395
Author(s):  
Denis V. Beliaev ◽  
Natalia O. Yuorieva ◽  
Dmitry V. Tereshonok ◽  
Ilina I. Tashlieva ◽  
Marina K. Derevyagina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Plant Susceptibility

In the common chickweed Stellaria media, two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), SmAMP1.1a and SmAMP1.2a, have been shown to be proteolytically released as products of the expression of a single gene, proSmAMP1. In this study, the gene proSmAMP1 was introduced into two potato varieties, Zhukovsky ranny and Udacha. These early-maturing varieties were shown to be susceptible to early blight caused by Alternaria spp. Most transgenic lines of either variety having strong expression of the target gene demonstrated high levels of resistance to Alternaria spp. during three years of cultivation, but did not otherwise differ from the initial varieties. Disease severity index (DSI) was introduced as a complex measure of plant susceptibility to early blight, taking into account the diameter of lesions caused by the Alternaria spp., the fungus sporulation intensity and its incubation period duration. Across all transgenic lines, the DSI inversely correlated both with the target gene expression and the copy number in the plant genome. Our results are promising for improving the resistance of potato and other crops to early blight by expression of AMPs from wild plants.

scholarly journals NAC Transcription Factor PwNAC11 Activates ERD1 by Interaction with ABF3 and DREB2A to Enhance Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6952
Author(s):  
Mingxin Yu ◽  
Junling Liu ◽  
Bingshuai Du ◽  
Mengjuan Zhang ◽  
Aibin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
State Level ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Nac Transcription Factor ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Transgenic Lines

NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factors are ubiquitously distributed in eukaryotes and play significant roles in stress response. However, the functional verifications of NACs in Picea (P.) wilsonii remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we identified the NAC transcription factor PwNAC11 as a mediator of drought stress, which was significantly upregulated in P. wilsonii under drought and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that both the full length and C-terminal of PwNAC11 had transcriptional activation activity and PwNAC11 protein cannot form a homodimer by itself. Subcellular observation demonstrated that PwNAC11 protein was located in nucleus. The overexpression of PwNAC11 in Arabidopsis obviously improved the tolerance to drought stress but delayed flowering time under nonstress conditions. The steady-state level of antioxidant enzymes’ activities and light energy conversion efficiency were significantly increased in PwNAC11 transgenic lines under dehydration compared to wild plants. PwNAC11 transgenic lines showed hypersensitivity to ABA and PwNAC11 activated the expression of the downstream gene ERD1 by binding to ABA-responsive elements (ABREs) instead of drought-responsive elements (DREs). Genetic evidence demonstrated that PwNAC11 physically interacted with an ABA-induced protein—ABRE Binding Factor3 (ABF3)—and promoted the activation of ERD1 promoter, which implied an ABA-dependent signaling cascade controlled by PwNAC11. In addition, qRT-PCR and yeast assays showed that an ABA-independent gene—DREB2A—was also probably involved in PwNAC11-mediated drought stress response. Taken together, our results provide the evidence that PwNAC11 plays a dominant role in plants positively responding to early drought stress and ABF3 and DREB2A synergistically regulate the expression of ERD1.

scholarly journals Plastid-Targeted Cyanobacterial Flavodiiron Proteins Maintain Carbohydrate Turnover and Enhance Drought Stress Tolerance in Barley

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Shahinnia ◽  
Suresh Tula ◽  
Goetz Hensel ◽  
Narges Reiahisamani ◽  
Nasrin Nasr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Chloroplasts, the sites of photosynthesis in higher plants, have evolved several means to tolerate short episodes of drought stress through biosynthesis of diverse metabolites essential for plant function, but these become ineffective when the duration of the stress is prolonged. Cyanobacteria are the closest bacterial homologs of plastids with two photosystems to perform photosynthesis and to evolve oxygen as a byproduct. The presence of Flv genes encoding flavodiiron proteins has been shown to enhance stress tolerance in cyanobacteria. In an attempt to support the growth of plants exposed to drought, the Synechocystis genes Flv1 and Flv3 were expressed in barley with their products being targeted to the chloroplasts. The heterologous expression of both Flv1 and Flv3 accelerated days to heading, increased biomass, promoted the number of spikes and grains per plant, and improved the total grain weight per plant of transgenic lines exposed to drought. Improved growth correlated with enhanced availability of soluble sugars, a higher turnover of amino acids and the accumulation of lower levels of proline in the leaf. Flv1 and Flv3 maintained the energy status of the leaves in the stressed plants by converting sucrose to glucose and fructose, immediate precursors for energy production to support plant growth under drought. The results suggest that sugars and amino acids play a fundamental role in the maintenance of the energy status and metabolic activity to ensure growth and survival under stress conditions, that is, water limitation in this particular case. Engineering chloroplasts by Flv genes into the plant genome, therefore, has the potential to improve plant productivity wherever drought stress represents a significant production constraint.

scholarly journals GmBTB/POZ promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of LHP1 to regulate the response of soybean to Phytophthora sojae

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanzhong Zhang ◽  
Qun Cheng ◽  
Huiyu Wang ◽  
Hong Gao ◽  
Xin Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Downstream Target Gene ◽  
Transgenic Lines

AbstractPhytophthora sojae is a pathogen that causes stem and root rot in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). We previously demonstrated that GmBTB/POZ, a BTB/POZ domain-containing nuclear protein, enhances resistance to P. sojae in soybean, via a process that depends on salicylic acid (SA). Here, we demonstrate that GmBTB/POZ associates directly with soybean LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 (GmLHP1) in vitro and in vivo and promotes its ubiquitination and degradation. Both overexpression and RNA interference analysis of transgenic lines demonstrate that GmLHP1 negatively regulates the response of soybean to P. sojae by reducing SA levels and repressing GmPR1 expression. The WRKY transcription factor gene, GmWRKY40, a SA-induced gene in the SA signaling pathway, is targeted by GmLHP1, which represses its expression via at least two mechanisms (directly binding to its promoter and impairing SA accumulation). Furthermore, the nuclear localization of GmLHP1 is required for the GmLHP1-mediated negative regulation of immunity, SA levels and the suppression of GmWRKY40 expression. Finally, GmBTB/POZ releases GmLHP1-regulated GmWRKY40 suppression and increases resistance to P. sojae in GmLHP1-OE hairy roots. These findings uncover a regulatory mechanism by which GmBTB/POZ-GmLHP1 modulates resistance to P. sojae in soybean, likely by regulating the expression of downstream target gene GmWRKY40.

scholarly journals The DefH9-iaaM-containing construct efficiently induces parthenocarpy in cucumber

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Yin ◽  
Robert Malinowski ◽  
Agnieszka Ziółkowska ◽  
Hans Sommer ◽  
Wojciech Plcader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Cucumber Genome ◽  
Seedless Fruits ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Independent Transformation

AbstractParthenocarpy (seedless fruits) is a desirable trait that has been achieved in many plant cultivars. We generated parthenocarpic cucumber fruits by introducing the chimeric DefH9-iaaM construct into the cucumber genome using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated protocol. The construct consists of the DefH9 promoter from Antirrhinum majus and the iaaM coding sequence from Pseudomonas syringae. Transgenic plants were obtained from nine independent transformation events: half of these were tetraploid and did not produce seeds following self-pollination, while the remaining half were capable of displaying parthenocarpy in the subsequent reproductive generation. Of the fruits produced by the transgenic lines, 70–90% were parthenocarpic. The segregation of the marker gene in the transgenic T1 progeny indicated single gene inheritance. The seed set in the transgenic lines and their F1 hybrids was lower than in the non-transgenic control plants. Some of the methodological details and the practical significance of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic Transformation of Passionflower and Evaluation of R1 and R2 Generations for Resistance to Cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 1021-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra C. B. A. Monteiro-Hara ◽  
Adriana S. Jadão ◽  
Beatriz M. J. Mendes ◽  
Jorge A. M. Rezende ◽  
Flavio Trevisan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Transgenic Line ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Capsid Protein Gene ◽  
Cowpea Aphid ◽  
Myzus Nicotianae ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Inoculum Pressure

We report on the production and evaluation of passionflower transgenic lines for resistance to Cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus (CABMV). Genetic transformation was done using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and transgene integration was confirmed by Southern blot analyses, resulting in nine transgenic lines for ‘IAC 275’ and three for ‘IAC 277’. Transgenic lines were clonally propagated and evaluated for resistance to CABMV. After the third inoculation, under higher inoculum pressure, only propagated plants of the transgenic line T16 remained asymptomatic, indicating a high resistance to infection with CABMV. This transgenic line was self-pollinated and the R1 generation was evaluated together with the R1 generation of another resistant transgenic line (T2) identified previously. Plants were inoculated with CABMV by means of viruliferous Myzus nicotianae. All 524 T2R1 plants became infected, whereas 13 of 279 T16R1 remained asymptomatic after four successive inoculations. A T16R2 generation was obtained and plants were inoculated with CABMV mechanically or by aphids. After successive inoculations, 118 of 258 plants were symptomless, suggesting that the resistance to CABMV was maintained in the plant genome as the homozygous condition was achieved. Five selected resistant T16R2 plants which contained the capsid protein gene are being crossed for further analyses.

scholarly journals Selection of glufosinate-resistant cotton lines (Gossypium hirsutum L.) among bar transgenic lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (05) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Nha T. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Botanical Characteristics ◽  
Biological Assessments ◽  
Selection Of

Basta-herbicide was tested at a concentration of 0.6 kg ai./ha for confirming resistance of 116 bar transgenic T1 lines; many lines with tolerance were obtained. Evaluation of selected lines using PCR, the integration and expression of transgenes in genome of transgenic plants was determined by southern blot and northern blot techniques. The combination of molecular and biological assessments resulted in the selection of 5 lines, i.e., B1, B6, B9, B18, and BF17 contained 01 target-gene copy which expressed transcription activities and showed uniform growth and best tolerance to glufosinate. Two T2 transgenic cotton lines, i.e., B9 and BF17, carried one copy of the gene which transmitted to the next generation according to the Mendel's rules of inheritance. These transgenic lines were highly resistant to Basta herbicide at a concentration of 0.6 kg ai./ha and had no difference in botanical characteristics and disease resistance in comparison with original non-transgenic Coker310 cotton plant

scholarly journals CDK13-Mediated Cell Cycle Disorder Promotes Tumorigenesis of High HMGA2 Expression Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhouying Wu ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Jianchao Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Adjacent Tissue ◽  
M Phase ◽  
Direct Target Gene ◽  
Direct Target

The inhibitor of CDK4/6 has been clinically used for treating certain types of cancer which are characterized by G0/G1 acceleration induced by the CDK4/6-RB1 pathway. On the contrary, the cell cycle–related molecules are abnormal in over 50% of the patients with gastric cancer (GC), but the efficiency of inhibiting CDK4/6 does not work well as it is expected. In our study, we found HMGA2 promotes GC through accelerating the S–G2/M phase transition, instead of G0/G1. We also found CDK13 is the direct target gene of HMGA2. Importantly, we analyzed 200 pairs of GC and the adjacent tissue and proved the positive relation between HMGA2 and CDK13; moreover, high expression of both genes predicts a poorer prognosis than the expression of single gene does. We explored the effect of the novel CDK12/13 inhibiting agent, SR-4835, on high HMGA2 expression GC and found inhibition of both genes jointly could reach a satisfied result. Therefore, we suggest that inhibition of CDK13 and HMGA2 simultaneously could be an effective strategy for high HMGA2 expression GC. To detect the expression of both genes simultaneously and individually could be of benefit to predict prognosis for GC.

scholarly journals (262) Transgenic Tomato Lines Expressing Plant Defense Genes Show Resistance to Early Blight Disease

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015C-1015
Author(s):  
Scott C. Schaefer ◽  
Ksenija Gasic ◽  
Schuyler S. Korban
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Southern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Tomato Genome ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Plant Defense Genes ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Blight Disease

Several plant defense genes, including an iris ribosomal-inactivating protein (I-RIP) and a maize β-glucanase (M-GLU) as well as a small antimicrobial peptide (5 kd) from Mirabilisjalapa(Mj-AMP) were separately introduced into tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum) cv. Sweet Chelsea using Agrobacteriumtumefaciens-mediated transformation. Transgenic lines carrying each of the transgenes were confirmed for integration into the tomato genome using Southern blot hybridization. Transcription of I-RIP, M-GLU, and Mj-AMP genes in various transgenic lines was determined using Northern blot analysis. Plants of some transgenic lines were inoculated with a 2 × 104 to 3 × 104 conidial spores/mL suspension of the fungal pathogen Alternariasolani, the causal agent of tomato early blight disease. Several transgenic lines carrying either a M-GLU or Mj-AMP transgene showed a higher level of resistance to early blight than control (nontransgenic) plants. The implications of this approach on developing disease resistance in tomato will be discussed.

scholarly journals AI-based Analysis on Relationship between Genes and Personality

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Masayuki Kanazawa
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Abo Blood Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AI can be applied in various ways to the measurement of personality in psychology. Measuring the impact of a single gene on personality can be handled by AI technologies, at least technically, i.e., using supervised learning models of machine learning. The ABO blood type is a relatively easy biological marker to examine; therefore, people in many countries know their type, and its impact on the relationship with personality has been the subject of a large amount of research. In this study, we selected the ABO blood type as the target gene, examined its association with personality, and cross-checked the results with previous works. Two scales were used to measure personality: a) blood type personality traits extracted from previous studies, and b) the TIPI-J, a simplified version of the Big Five personality test. In the former, the AI was able to predict the respondents’ blood types with a higher probability than chance, while in the latter, the accuracy was within the range of chance. These obtained results were also discussed.

scholarly journals The relationship between microbial population size and disease in the Arabidopsis thaliana phyllosphere

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia L. Karasov ◽  
Manuela Neumann ◽  
Alejandra Duque-Jaramillo ◽  
Sonja Kersten ◽  
Ilja Bezrukov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

AbstractA central goal in microbiome research is to learn what distinguishes a healthy from a dysbiotic microbial community. Shifts in diversity and taxonomic composition are important indicators of dysbiosis, but a full understanding also requires knowledge of absolute microbial population sizes. In addition to the number of microbial cells, information on taxonomic composition can provide important insight into microbiome function and disease state. Here we use shotgun metagenomics to simultaneously assess microbiome composition and microbial load in the phyllosphere of wild populations of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We find that wild plants vary substantially in the load of colonizing microbes, and that high loads are typically associated with the proliferation of single taxa, with only a few putatively pathogenic taxa achieving high abundances in the field. Our results suggest (i) that the inside of a plant leaf is on average sparsely colonized with an estimated two bacterial genomes per plant genome and an order of magnitude fewer eukaryotic microbial genomes, and (ii) that higher levels of microbial cells often indicate successful colonization by pathogens. Lastly, our results show that load is a significant explanatory variable for loss of estimated Shannon diversity in phyllosphere microbiomes, implying that reduced diversity may be a significant predictor of microbial dysbiosis in a plant leaf.

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