scholarly journals Phenotypic Diversity and Productivity of Medicago sativa Subspecies from Drought-Prone Environments in Mediterranean Type Climates

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Luis Inostroza ◽  
Soledad Espinoza ◽  
Viviana Barahona ◽  
Macarena Gerding ◽  
Alan Humphries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Fall Dormancy ◽  
Annual Water

The phenotypic diversity and productivity of a diverse alfalfa (M. sativa subspp.) panel of cultivars, landraces and wild relatives with putative drought tolerance were evaluated in two Mediterranean environments (central Chile and Southern Australia). In Chile, 70 accessions were evaluated in rainfed conditions and in Australia 30 accessions under rainfed and irrigated conditions, during three growing seasons. Large phenotypic variation was observed among and within subspecies for NDVI, stem length, intercepted PAR and forage yield. Principal component analysis indicated that the first two principal components (PC) accounted for 84.2% of total variance; fall dormancy, taxa, and breeding status were closely related to the agronomical performance of alfalfa accessions. Forage yield varied largely among accessions across years and locations. A linear relationship was found between annual forage yield and annual water added to the experiments (R2 = 0.60, p < 0.001). The GxE analysis for forage yield allowed the detection of the highest yielding accessions for each of the two mega-environments identified. The accessions CTA002 and CTA003 showed greater forage yield in both Chile and Australia environments. It is concluded that new breeding lines derived from crosses between cultivated alfalfa (M. sativa subsp. sativa) and wild relatives belonging to the primary (M. sativa subsp. falcata) and tertiary (M. arborea) gene pool, achieve outstanding agronomical performance in drought-prone environments.

Phenotypic stability of oats measured with different stability analyses

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Peltonen-Sainio ◽  
K. Moore ◽  
E. Pehu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Phenotypic Stability ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Stability Analyses ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield Production

SUMMARYThe phenotypic stability of seven Finnish and Nordic oat cultivars and 12 breeding lines developed at the Hankkija Plant Breeding Institute, Finland, was studied using the Finlay–Wilkinson regression method, Eberhart–Russell stability analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) with biplot presentation, canonical variate analysis (CVA) and Procrustes analysis. Comparison of stability analyses was based on four dissimilar growing seasons. In addition to the measurement of phenotypic stability of grain yield, the performance of 12 morpho-physiological traits was evaluated, including maturity class and structure of canopy and plant stand.The different stability analyses examined produced uniform results and ranked the cultivars and breeding lines without major disagreements. Lines with exceptionally stable yield performance over the different growing seasons were identified. In general, there was an association of high yielding ability with poor stability. However, some cultivars deviated from this tendency and showed high grain yield production and average stability of yield performance.

Anthracnose Resistance in Sorghum Breeding Lines Developed from Ethiopian Germplasm

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
John E. Erpelding
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Anthracnose Resistance ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Sorghum Breeding

Ninety-nine dwarf and photoperiod-insensitive breeding lines developed from Ethiopian sorghum germplasm were inoculated with Colletotrichum sublineolum and evaluated for anthracnose resistance at the Tropical Agriculture Research Station in Isabela, Puerto Rico, during the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. A resistant response was observed for 57 lines in 2008 and for 47 lines in 2009 with 44 lines showing a resistant response across growing seasons. These lines showed reddening of inoculated leaves and no acervuli. Variation in resistance across growing seasons and replications within a growing season was observed for 19 lines rated as susceptible and these lines also showed low disease severity. Mean disease severity for the susceptible accessions was similar across growing seasons with a mean of 26% for 42 lines in 2008 and 23% for 52 lines in 2009. The resistant lines showed phenotypic diversity in response to anthracnose, suggesting potential genetic variation for resistance. Accepted for publication 31 October 2010. Published 23 November 2010.

scholarly journals Genetic worth of multiple sets of cowpea breeding lines destined for advanced yield testing

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Obia Ongom ◽  
Christian Fatokun ◽  
Abou Togola ◽  
Oluwaseye Gideon Oyebode ◽  
Mansur Sani Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
Genotypic Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Location Interaction

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine genetic potentials in eight sets of cowpea lines for grain yield (GY), hundred seed weight (HSDWT) and days to 50% flowering (DT50FL). A total of 614 F6 genotypes constituting the sets, grouped by maturity, were evaluated across two locations in Northern Nigeria, in an alpha lattice design, two replications each. Data were recorded on GY, HSDWT and DT50FL.Variance components, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), and genetic advance (GA) were used to decode the magnitude of genetic variance within and among sets. Genetic usefulness (Up) which depends on mean and variance to score the genetic merits in historically bi-parental populations was applied to groups of breeding lines with mixed parentage. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to depict contribution of traits to observed variations. GY and DT50FL explained the variance within and between sets respectively. Genotypes were significantly different, although genotype-by-location and set-by-location interaction effects were also prominent. Genetic variance (δ2G) and GCV were high for GY in Prelim2 (δ2G = 45,897; GCV = 19.58%), HSDWT in Prelim11 (δ2G = 7.137; GCV = 17.07%) and DT50F in Prelim5 (δ2G = 4.54; GCV = 4.4%). Heritability varied among sets for GY (H = 0.21 to 0.57), HSDWT (H = 0.76 to 0.93) and DT50FL (H = 0.20 to 0.81). GA and percentage GA (GAPM) were high for GY in Prelim2 (GAPM = 24.59%; GA = 269.05Kg/ha), HSDWT in Prelim11 (GAPM = 28.54%; GA = 4.47 g), and DT50F in Prelim10 (GAPM = 6.49%; GA = 3.01 days). These sets also registered high values of genetic usefulness, suggesting potential application in non-full sib populations. These approaches can be used during preliminary performance tests to reinforce decisions in extracting promising lines and choose among defined groups of lines.

scholarly journals Effect of harvesting time on forage yield and quality of maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Maja Petricevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality

Maize is the very important silage source in the world. Timely harvesting ensure high maize forage yield and quality. Therefore, the study focused on the effects of four harvesting times (starting at the 12 August every 7 days) on yield and qualitative parameters of forage green mass of maize hybrid ZP 677. The experiment was set in Vojvodina Province, Serbia, during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, ear percentage, forage yield, dry matter content and crude protein content were higher, while stem percentage was lower in 2014 with favorable climatic condition. Forage yield, crude protein content, ADF and NDF decreased, while dry matter content significantly increased with delay in harvesting. The maize hybrid should be harvested when the milk line is three-quarter of the way down the grain that is in the third decade of August.

scholarly journals Assessment of wild tomato accessions for fruit yield, physicochemical and nutritional properties under a rain forest agro-ecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dorcas Ibitoye ◽  
Adesike Kolawole ◽  
Roseline Feyisola
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a broadly consumed fruit vegetable globally. It is one of the research mandate vegetable of the National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria. The institute’s contains diverse collections of tomato accessions and wild relatives, without utilization information for the African continent. With the decline in diversity and potential of cultivars, a robust tomato breeding pipeline with broad genetic base that eliminates redundancy in the development of lines with desired horticultural traits is paramount. This study evaluated the mean performance and variations of thirteen wild tomato accessions obtained from the C.M. Rick Tomato Genetic Resource Center, University of California, Davis, USA, evaluated for agronomic, nutritional and physicochemical traits under a rain forest zone in Nigeria. The accessions were planted and grown in three replications with randomized complete block design. Agronomic traits, physicochemical and nutritional parameters were measured and analyzed. There was significant (P < 0.001) variation among accessions for all traits measured. Accession LA0130 was separated from others by cluster analysis and was outstanding for its unique attributes which include: fruit yield parameters, total soluble solids, acidity and content. The principal component analysis suggests fruit yield related traits, acidity and contributed most to the variation among the 13 accessions. The results obtained can be used to breed materials adapted to a rain forest . These wild tomato accessions have genes with desirable agronomic, nutritional and physicochemical traits that could be into breeding lines to improve commercial tomato varieties.

Screening wild progenitors of wheat for salinity stress at early stages of plant growth: insight into potential sources of variability for salinity adaptation in wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar Ahmadi ◽  
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh ◽  
Sedigheh Fabriki-Ourang ◽  
Ali-Ashraf Mehrabi ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Triticum Boeoticum ◽  
Extensive Collection ◽  
Wild Progenitors

Wild relatives of wheat have served as a pool of genetic variation for understanding salinity tolerance mechanisms. Two separate experiments were performed to evaluate the natural diversity in root and shoot Na+ exclusion and K+ accumulation, and the activity of four antioxidant enzymes within an extensive collection of ancestral wheat accessions. In the initial screening experiment, salinity stress (300 mm NaCl) significantly increased Na+ concentration in roots and leaves and led to a significant decline in root and shoot fresh weights, dry weights, and K+ contents. Principal component analysis of the 181 accessions and 12 species identified three first components accounted for 63.47% and 78.55% of the variation under salinity stress. We identified 12 accessions of each species with superior tolerance to salinity for further assessment of their antioxidant defence systems in response to salinity. Both mild (250 mm NaCl) and severe (350 mm NaCl) levels of salinity significantly increased activities of four enzymes, indicating an enhanced antioxidant-scavenging system for minimising the damaging effects of H2O2. Some of the wild relatives—Aegilops speltoides (putative B genome), Ae. caudata (C genome), Ae. cylindrica (DC genome) and Triticum boeoticum (Ab genome)—responded to salinity stress by increasing antioxidants as the dominant mechanism to retain oxidative balance in cells. Further evaluation of salt-tolerance mechanisms in these superior wild relatives will help us to understand the potential of wheat progenitors in the development of more salt-tolerant varieties.

Characterization and pathogenicity of Diplodia, Lasiodiplodia and Neofusicoccum species causing Botryosphaeria canker and dieback of apple trees in central Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo A. Díaz ◽  
Adrián Vinicio Valdez ◽  
Francois Halleen ◽  
Enrique Ferrada ◽  
Mauricio A. Lolas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
First Time ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

In recent years, the number of apple trees affected by Botryosphaeria cankers and dieback has considerably increased in central Chile. This study aimed to identify the species of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with canker and dieback symptoms, estimate disease incidence and distributions, and study their pathogenicity and virulence on apple and other fruit crops. A field survey of 34 commercial orchards of apple (7-to 30-year-old) was conducted in 16 localities obtaining 270 symptomatic branches and trunks samples in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The incidence of Botryosphaeria canker and dieback ranged between 5 and 40%, and a total of 255 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. were obtained from 238 cankers. Morphological identification along with phylogenetics studies of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the rDNA, part of the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α), and part of the beta tubulin (tub2) genes allowed to identify Diplodia mutila (n = 49 isolates), D. seriata (n = 136 isolates), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (n = 16 isolates) and Neofusicoccum arbuti (n= 54 isolates). L. theobromae was isolated mainly of apple dieback from northern localities. All pathogens tested were pathogenic, causing canker and dieback symptoms on lignified twigs of apple, pear, walnut, and green grapevine shoots in the field. Isolates of N. arbuti were the most virulent by reproducing more severe cankers on lignified tissues inoculated. This study reports D. mutila and L. theobromae for the first time associated with Botryosphaeria canker and dieback in Chile, and it is the first description of N. arbuti causing apple dieback worldwide.

Identification of molecular markers for starch content in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by genome-wide association studies based on bulked samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Yinghu Zhang ◽  
Haiye Luan ◽  
Hui Zang ◽  
Hongyan Yang ◽  
Xiao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
High Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Growing Seasons

AbstractStarch content is an important trait in barley. To evaluate the genetic diversity and identify molecular markers of starch content in barley, 40 cultivated barley genotypes collected from different regions, including genotypes whose starch content is at either the high or low end of the spectrum (15), were used in this study. All the genotypes were re-sequenced by the double-digest-restriction associated DNA sequencing method, and a total of 299,103 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were obtained. The genotypes were divided into four sub-populations based on FASTSTRUCTURE, principal component analysis and neighbour-joining tree analysis. All four sub-populations had a high linkage disequilibrium, especially group 3, whose members were recently bred for malting in the Jiangsu coastal area. The starch content of the barley lines was evaluated during three growing seasons (2014–2017), and the average values of starch content across the three growing seasons at the low and high ends were 51.5 and 55.0%, respectively. The starch content was affected by population structure, the barley in group 2 had a low starch content, while the barley in group 4 had a high starch content. Twenty-six SNP markers were identified as being significantly associated with starch content (P ⩽ 0.001) based on the average values across the three growing seasons using the mixed linear model method. These SNP markers were located on chromosomes 1H and 4H, and were considered loci of qSC1-1 and qSC4-1, respectively. The major identified QTLs for starch content are helpful for further research on carbohydrates and for barley breeding.

scholarly journals Occurrence of dwarf virus of winter wheat and barley in several regions of Slovakiaduring the growing seasons 2001–2004

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 392-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bukvayová ◽  
M. Henselová ◽  
V. Vajcíková ◽  
T. Kormanová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Growing Seasons

The aim of the study was to monitor the incidence and to detect the presence of viruses of yellow dwarfness in barley (BYDV-PAV, BYDV-RMV), of yellow dwarfness in cereals (CYDV-RPV) and dwarfness in wheat (WDV) in stands of winter wheat and winter barley in Slovakia. During the period 2001&ndash;2004 a total of 292 samples coming from 150 localities were analyzed. This involved 190 samples of winter wheat (39 varieties and 13 breeding lines) and 102 samples of winter barley (17 varieties and 7 breeding lines). The detection of viruses was carried out with the aid of the method DAS and TAS ELISA. During the years surveyed, the occurrence of the various viruses differed. In 2001, the most represented virus proved to be the WDV (68%); in 2002, it was the strain PAV of the virus BYDV (93%); in 2003, the most numerous were the virus WDV (71%) and the strain PAV of virus BYDV (67%). Similarly, in 2004, two viruses were represented about evenly, WDV and BYDV-PAV (75%). The more frequent of the two species was the virus BYDV, with the strain BYDV-PAV predominating. The intensity of viral infection of stand cereals differed during the experimental years, being highest in 2002 when the blight occurred both locally and also on a large-scale. The highest frequency of the disease was in Western and Eastern Slovakia.

scholarly journals Tectonic tremor characterized by principal-component analysis in the vicinity of central Chile and Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 102178
Author(s):  
Yohei Nishitsuji ◽  
Luis Franco Marín ◽  
Martín Gomez ◽  
C.A. Rowe ◽  
Deyan Draganov
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Tectonic Tremor
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document