scholarly journals Insulin-Mimic Components in Acer truncatum Leaves: Bio-Guided Isolation, Annual Variance Profiling and Regulating Pathway Investigated by Omics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yue Zhang ◽  
Yi-Han Liu ◽  
Da-Zhi Liu ◽  
Jia-Yang Xu ◽  
Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Early Diabetes ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Bioactive Component ◽  
Quality Mark ◽  
Insulin Mimic

Insulin mimic can promote transporting glucose to muscle tissue and accelerate glucose consumption. It is commonly occurring in many functional foods or traditional medicines. Anti-diabetes molecules from food sources are highly safe and suitable for long-term use to prevent early diabetes. The leaves of Acer truncatum was found glucose uptake promotion in our phenotypic screening. However, its bioactive components and mechanism are still unclear. We collected leaves from trees of different ages (2, 3, 4, 7 and 11 years old) and profiled the ingredients by LC-MS/MS. The essential active component (myricitrin) was acquired following bio-guide on a whole organism Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Its content in the leaves was not affected by tree ages. Therefore, myricitrin can serve as a quality mark for functional foods derived from A. truncatum leaves. The transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis in Zebrafish explored the differentially expressed genes and metabolites. Based on joint-pathway enrichment and qRT-PCR verification, the critical bioactive component myricitrin was found to affect toll-like receptors signaling pathways to regulate glucose uptake. Our findings disclosed a bioactive marker (myricitrin) in A. truncatum leaves and explored its regulation mechanism, which rationalized the anti-diabetes function of the herbal food.

scholarly journals The Cytotoxic Properties of Baeckea frutescens Branches Extracts in Eliminating Breast Cancer Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Shahruzaman ◽  
M. F. Mustafa ◽  
S. Ramli ◽  
S. Maniam ◽  
S. Fakurazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Uptake Assay ◽  
Glucose Uptake Assay ◽  
Baeckea Frutescens ◽  
Mcf 7

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women in over 100 countries worldwide and accounts for almost 1 in 4 cancer cases among women. Baeckea frutescens of the family Myrtaceae has been used in traditional medicine and is known to possess antibacterial, antipyretic, and cytoprotective properties. In this study, we investigated the role of Baeckea frutescens branches extracts against human breast cancer cells. Baeckea frutescens branches extracts were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus with solvents of different polarity. The selective cytotoxic activity and the glucose consumption rate of Baeckea frutescens branches extracts of various concentrations (20 to 160 ug/ml) at 24-, 48-, and 72-hour time points were studied using MTT and glucose uptake assay. The IC50 values in human breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and mammary breast (MCF10A) cell lines were determined. Apoptotic study using AO/PI double staining was performed using fluorescent microscopy. The glucose uptake was measured using 2-NBDG, a fluorescent glucose analogue. The phytochemical screening of major secondary metabolites in plants was performed. This study reports that Baeckea frutescens branches extracts showed potent selective cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells compared to MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hours of treatment. Evidence of early apoptosis which includes membrane blebbing and chromatin condensation was observed after 72 hours of treatment with Baeckea frutescens branches extracts. Interestingly, for the glucose uptake assay, the inhibition was observed as early as 24 hours upon treatment. All Baeckea frutescens extracts showed the presence of major secondary metabolites such as tannin, triterpenoid, flavonoid, and phenol. However, alkaloid level was unable to be determined. The identification of Baeckea frutescens and its possible role in selectively inhibiting glucose consumption in breast cancer cells defines a new role of natural product that can be utilised as an effective agent that regulates metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer.

Functional Foods and Cardiac Health

2017 ◽  
pp. 16-41
Author(s):  
Santosh Jain Passi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Traditional Medicines

Functional foods containing physiologically-active components, have been reported to confer several health benefits. Longitudinal cohort studies indicate that certain foods and dietary patterns play an important role in primary prevention of numerous disease conditions and this has led to the identification of putative functional foods. Research is necessary to substantiate the potential health benefits of various functional foods for which the diet–health relationships have yet not been scientifically validated. The term ‘functional foods' may include health/functional health foods, foods fortified with minerals/vitamins, dietary supplements or even the traditional medicines (Zawistowski, 2014).

Effects of gonadotrophins and insulin on glucose uptake in the porcine cumulus–oocyte complex during IVM

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
Gabriel Martín Alvarez ◽  
María Josefina Barrios Expósito ◽  
Evelin Elia ◽  
Dante Paz ◽  
Sergio Morado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Cumulus Oocyte Complex ◽  
Sperm Penetration ◽  
The Individual

The combination of gonadotrophins (LH and FSH) and insulin is frequently used in porcine oocyte IVM, but the individual effects of gonadotrophins and insulin have not been completely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in glucose metabolism in the swine cumulus–oocyte complex (COC), analysing the effects of gonadotrophins (10IUmL−1 LH+10IUmL−1 FSH) and 0.4μUmL−1insulin, during 44h of IVM, on glucose transport and consumption, as well as on nuclear maturation and sperm penetration. We evaluated the effects of gonadotrophins and insulin separately or in combination on glucose consumption, membrane permeability to the glucose fluorescent analogue 6-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-6-deoxyglucose (6-NBDG), the presence of GLUT-4 and oocyte maturation rates, after 44h of IVM. Nuclear maturation percentages increased significantly following the addition of gonadotrophins alone or in combination with insulin to the culture medium (P<0.0001), whereas insulin alone had no effect. A significant increase was observed in sperm penetration of COCs matured with insulin, gonadotrophins or their combination (P<0.0001). However, only gonadotrophins significantly increased glucose uptake (P<0.0001). Although gonadotrophins and insulin increased GLUT-4 expression, neither modified 6-NBDG incorporation. In conclusion, gonadotrophins and insulin had different effects during IVM; although gonadotrophins increased maturation rates and glucose consumption, they had no effect on glucose transport, and insulin improved sperm penetration without affecting the parameters related to glucose utilisation. Therefore, glucose metabolism is likely to be primarily regulated by its consumption in metabolic pathways rather than by changes in membrane permeability.

scholarly journals Persistent Resetting of the Cerebral Oxygen/Glucose Uptake Ratio by Brain Activation: Evidence Obtained with the Kety—Schmidt Technique

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lund Madsen ◽  
Steen G. Hasselbalch ◽  
Lars P. Hagemann ◽  
Karsten Skovgaard Olsen ◽  
Jens Bülow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen ◽  
Uptake Ratio ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Cerebral Activation

Global cerebral blood flow (CBF), global cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen (CMRO2), and for glucose (CMRglc), and lactate efflux were measured during rest and during cerebral activation induced by the Wisconsin card sorting test. Measurements were performed in healthy volunteers using the Kety–Schmidt technique. Global CMRO2 was unchanged during cerebral activation, whereas global CBF and global CMRglc both increased by 12%, reducing the molar ratio of oxygen to glucose consumption from 6.0 during baseline conditions to 5.4 during activation. Data obtained in the period following cerebral activation showed that the activation-induced resetting of the relation between CMRglc and CMRO2 persisted virtually unaltered for ≥40 min after the mental activation task was terminated. The activation-induced increase in cerebral lactate efflux measured over the same time period accounted for only a small fraction of the activation-induced excess glucose uptake. These data confirm earlier reports that brain activation can induce resetting of the cerebral oxygen/glucose consumption ratio, and indicate that the resetting persists for a long period after cerebral activation has been terminated and physiologic stress indicators returned to baseline values. Activation-induced resetting of the cerebral oxygen/glucose uptake ratio is not necessarily accounted for by increased lactate production from nonoxidative glucose metabolism.

Regulation of glucose transport and GLUT1 glucose transporter expression by O2 in muscle cells in culture

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. C682-C690 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bashan ◽  
E. Burdett ◽  
H. S. Hundal ◽  
A. Klip
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Glut1 Glucose Transporter

The effect of varying cellular oxygenation on L6 muscle cell 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport, glucose utilization, lactate production, and expression of GLUT1 and GLUT4 transport proteins was investigated. Incubation of L6 myotubes in 3% O2 (mimicking a state of hypoxia) elevated glucose uptake by 6.5-fold over 48 h relative to cells incubated in 21% O2 (normoxia). Incubation of L6 cells in hyperoxic conditions (50% O2) significantly depressed glucose uptake by 0.4-fold. These effects were fully reversible. Incubation in 3% O2 also caused lactate accumulation and enhanced glucose consumption from the medium. Hypoxia elevated 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport even when the concentration of glucose in the medium was kept constant, suggesting that glucose deprivation alone was not responsible for increased cellular glucose uptake. Incubation in 3% O2 also elevated 3-O-methylglucose uptake but not amino acid uptake. Cycloheximide prevented the hypoxia-induced increase in glucose uptake, indicating that de novo synthesis of glucose transport-related proteins was the major means by which cells increased glucose uptake. The content of GLUT1 glucose transporter was significantly elevated in total membranes of cells incubated in 3% O2 and depressed in membranes from cells incubated in hyperoxic conditions, whereas GLUT4 expression was not affected. These results indicate that hypoxia induces an adaptive response of increasing cellular glucose uptake through elevated expression of GLUT1 in an attempt to maintain supply of glucose for utilization by nonoxidative pathways.

Altered renal expression of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 in experimental diabetes mellitus

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. F816-F824 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Marcus ◽  
R. England ◽  
K. Nguyen ◽  
M. J. Charron ◽  
J. P. Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Diabetes ◽  
Glut4 Expression ◽  
Microvascular Cells ◽  
Glucose Transporter Glut4

Because the insulin-responsive glucose transporter, GLUT4, is expressed in renal vascular and glomerular cells, we determined the effects of experimental diabetes mellitus on GLUT4 expression and glucose uptake by these tissues. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction studies of microdissected afferent microvessels and renal glomeruli showed that, after 1 wk of diabetes, GLUT4 mRNA was decreased to 26 and 34% of control values, respectively. GLUT4 immunoblots of renal glomerular and microvessel samples showed that GLUT4 polypeptide was decreased to 51% of control values. These results were confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence, which showed decreased GLUT4 expression in glomerular cells and in vascular smooth muscle cells of the afferent microvasculature of diabetic animals. Uptake of the glucose analogue, 2-deoxyglucose, was also depressed in microvessels of diabetic rats to 57% of control values, supporting the conclusion that fewer total glucose transporters were available for glucose uptake into diabetic renal glomerular and microvascular cells. Thus both GLUT4 expression and glucose uptake by glomerular and microvascular cells are decreased in diabetic animals. These results have led us to suggest a mechanism by which decreased renal GLUT4 expression could contribute to glomerular hyperfiltration and hypertension seen in early diabetes.

scholarly journals Dictyostelium Differentiation-Inducing Factor-1 Promotes Glucose Uptake, at Least in Part, via an AMPK-Dependent Pathway in Mouse 3T3-L1 Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2293
Author(s):  
Yuzuru Kubohara ◽  
Yoshimi Homma ◽  
Hiroshi Shibata ◽  
Yoshiteru Oshima ◽  
Haruhisa Kikuchi
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Cellular Slime Mold ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Dependent Pathway

Differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1) is a chlorinated alkylphenone (a polyketide) found in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. DIF-1 and its derivative, DIF-1(3M) promote glucose consumption in vitro in mammalian cells and in vivo in diabetic rats; they are expected to be the leading antiobesity and antidiabetes compounds. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the actions of DIF-1 and DIF-1(3M). In isolated mouse liver mitochondria, these compounds at 2–20 mM promoted oxygen consumption in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that they act as mitochondrial uncouplers, whereas CP-DIF-1 (another derivative of DIF-1) at 10–20 mM had no effect. In confluent mouse 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, DIF-1 and DIF-1(3M) but not CP-DIF-1 induced phosphorylation (and therefore activation) of AMP kinase (AMPK) and promoted glucose consumption and metabolism. The DIF-induced glucose consumption was reduced by compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) or AMPK knock down. These data suggest that DIF-1 and DIF-1(3M) promote glucose uptake, at least in part, via an AMPK-dependent pathway in 3T3-L1 cells, whereas cellular metabolome analysis revealed that DIF-1 and DIF-1(3M) may act differently at least in part.

scholarly journals Tetrahydrocannabinol-Rich Extracts From Cannabis Sativa L. Improve Glucose Consumption and Modulate Metabolic Complications Linked to Neurodegenerative Diseases in Isolated Rat Brains

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ochuko L. Erukainure ◽  
Motlalepula G. Matsabisa ◽  
Veronica F. Salau ◽  
Md. Shahidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Brain Glucose ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase ◽  
Cholinergic Dysfunction

Reduced brain glucose consumption arising from impaired glucose uptake and utilization has been linked to the pathogenesis and complications of neurodegenerative diseases. The ability of Cannabis sativa L. tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-rich extracts to stimulate brain glucose uptake and utilization as well as its modulatory effect on gluconeogenesis, antioxidative, purinergic and cholinergic activities were investigated in isolated rats’ brains. C. sativa leaves were sequentially extracted to yield the hexane and dichloromethane extracts. The extracts were incubated at 37°C with freshly harvested brains in the presence of glucose for 2 h. The control consisted of incubation without the extracts, while brains without the extracts and glucose served as the normal control. Metformin was used as the standard drug. C. sativa extracts caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in brain glucose uptake, with concomitant elevation of glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase activities compared to the controls. Incubation with C. sativa extracts also led to depletion in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, glucose 6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-biphosphatase activities. GC-MS analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of THC. In silico analysis predicted THC to be permeable across the blood-brain-barrier. THC was also predicted to have an oral LD50 and toxicity class values of 482 mg/kg and 4 respectively. These results indicate that C. sativa improves glucose consumption with concomitant suppression of oxidative stress and cholinergic dysfunction, and modulation of purinergic and gluconeogenic activities in brain tissues

Associations of Salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity With Cortical Amyloid-Beta Burden, Cortical Glucose Uptake, and Cognitive Function in Normal Aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Palomar-Bonet ◽  
Mercedes Atienza ◽  
Blanca Hernández-Ledesma ◽  
Jose L Cantero
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Abstract Background Determining susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in asymptomatic individuals requires from noninvasive, simple, and inexpensive markers that can be easily obtained in primary care settings. While saliva meets all these requirements, there is a lack of evidence linking salivary constituents to in vivo AD pathology in aging. Methods We examined the potential of salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) for identifying global cortical amyloid-beta (Aβ) burden, deficits in regional glucose uptake, and poorer cognition in 71 cognitively normal older adults. We further assessed whether salivary TAC-related cognitive performance was associated with higher Aβ load and lower cortical glucose consumption. Results Linear regression analyses adjusted by age, sex, years of education, and ApoE4 status showed that salivary TAC was associated with slower processing speed and poorer sustained attention, as well as with higher Aβ load and lower glucose metabolism in cortical regions vulnerable to cognitive aging and AD. Results also revealed that lower scores in processing speed and sustained attention were associated with greater Aβ burden and lower regional glucose consumption, respectively. Conclusions Together, these findings support the use of salivary TAC for preventive screening and detection of cerebral vulnerability to AD. Further research is needed to evaluate the utility of salivary TAC as a clinical marker.

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