Associations of Salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity With Cortical Amyloid-Beta Burden, Cortical Glucose Uptake, and Cognitive Function in Normal Aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Palomar-Bonet ◽  
Mercedes Atienza ◽  
Blanca Hernández-Ledesma ◽  
Jose L Cantero
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Abstract Background Determining susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in asymptomatic individuals requires from noninvasive, simple, and inexpensive markers that can be easily obtained in primary care settings. While saliva meets all these requirements, there is a lack of evidence linking salivary constituents to in vivo AD pathology in aging. Methods We examined the potential of salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) for identifying global cortical amyloid-beta (Aβ) burden, deficits in regional glucose uptake, and poorer cognition in 71 cognitively normal older adults. We further assessed whether salivary TAC-related cognitive performance was associated with higher Aβ load and lower cortical glucose consumption. Results Linear regression analyses adjusted by age, sex, years of education, and ApoE4 status showed that salivary TAC was associated with slower processing speed and poorer sustained attention, as well as with higher Aβ load and lower glucose metabolism in cortical regions vulnerable to cognitive aging and AD. Results also revealed that lower scores in processing speed and sustained attention were associated with greater Aβ burden and lower regional glucose consumption, respectively. Conclusions Together, these findings support the use of salivary TAC for preventive screening and detection of cerebral vulnerability to AD. Further research is needed to evaluate the utility of salivary TAC as a clinical marker.

scholarly journals Method validation to assess in vivo cellular and subcellular changes in buccal mucosa cells and saliva following CBCT examinations

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 20180428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Belmans ◽  
Liese Gilles ◽  
Piroska Virag ◽  
Mihaela Hedesiu ◽  
Benjamin Salmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Immunocytochemical Staining ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dna Dsbs ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Objectives: Cone-beam CT (CBCT) is a medical imaging technique used in dental medicine. However, there are no conclusive data available indicating that exposure to X-ray doses used by CBCT are harmless. We aim, for the first time, to characterize the potential age-dependent cellular and subcellular effects related to exposure to CBCT imaging. Current objective is to describe and validate the protocol for characterization of cellular and subcellular changes after diagnostic CBCT. Methods: Development and validation of a dedicated two-part protocol: 1) assessing DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in buccal mucosal (BM) cells and 2) oxidative stress measurements in saliva samples. BM cells and saliva samples are collected prior to and 0.5 h after CBCT examination. BM cells are also collected 24 h after CBCT examination. DNA DSBs are monitored in BM cells via immunocytochemical staining for γH2AX and 53BP1. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and total antioxidant capacity are measured in saliva to assess oxidative damage. Results: Validation experiments show that sufficient BM cells are collected (97.1 ± 1.4 %) and that γH2AX/53BP1 foci can be detected before and after CBCT examination. Collection and analysis of saliva samples, either sham exposed or exposed to IR, show that changes in 8-oxo-dG and total antioxidant capacity can be detected in saliva samples after CBCT examination. Conclusion: The DIMITRA Research Group presents a two-part protocol to analyze potential age-related biological differences following CBCT examinations. This protocol was validated for collecting BM cells and saliva and for analyzing these samples for DNA DSBs and oxidative stress markers, respectively.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF RUBUS FRUTICOSUS AND ZIZYPHUS VULGARIS METHANOL EXTRACTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Asma Meziti ◽  
Hamama Bouriche ◽  
Meziti Hichem ◽  
Seoussen Kada ◽  
Abderrahmane Senator ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Dna Cleavage ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Rubus Fruticosus ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

<p class="Default"><strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>This report is an attempt to study the phenolic composition of <em>Rubus fruticosus </em>(RFE) and<em> Zizyphus vulgaris (</em>ZVE<em>) </em>methanol<em> </em>extracts<em> and </em>evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects <em>in-vitro</em> and <em>in-vivo</em>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Total phenolic and total flavonoids contents of extracts were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Phenolic compounds were identified by<strong> </strong>HPLC-TOF/MS. The antioxidant activities were evaluated <em>in vitro</em> using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. The effect of RFE and ZVE<em> </em>on DNA cleavage induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> UV-photolysis was also investigated. The antioxidant effect of RFE and ZVE was tested <em>in vivo</em> using the blood total antioxidant capacity test in mice. On the other hand, the anti-inflammatory activity was assessed <em>in vivo</em> using two models of acute inflammation ear edema and vascular permeability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The phytochemical analysis of these extracts showed that RFE possesses higher polyphenolic and flavonoid content than ZVE. in the same way RFE exerted the highest antioxidant capacity with IC<sub> 50 </sub>value of 14 µg/ml in DPPH assay, 1.58 mmol of Trolox E/mg extract and 3.39 of mmol FesO<sub>4</sub>/mg extract in ABTS, and FRAP assay respectively. The studied extracts showed a concentration-dependent protective effect on DNA cleavage induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> UV-photolysis. The daily oral administration of 200 mg/kg of RFE or ZVE during three weeks showed an improvement of the blood total antioxidant capacity; the HT<sub>50</sub> values were151.45 min and 146.72 min for the groups treated with RFE and ZVE, respectively <em>versus</em> 122.5 min for the control group. The topical application of 2 mg/ear of RFE inhibited the croton oil-induced ear edema by 75.72%, while the inhibition exerted by ZVE was 64.24%. These inhibitions were higher than that of indomethacin, used as a reference. Moreover, the oral administration of 400 mg/kg of RFE inhibited significantly (33.57%) acetic acid induced vascular permeability in mice. However, this effect was lower than this of indomethacin. The inhibition effect exerted by ZVE was not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>The results obtained in this investigation showed that RFE possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential in comparison with ZVE, which may be attributed to the presence of polyphenolic phytoconstituents.</p>

scholarly journals Fluctuations in total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity and hydrogen peroxide levels of follicular fluid during bovine folliculogenesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajal Gupta ◽  
Audrey Choi ◽  
Hope Y. Yu ◽  
Suzanne M. Czerniak ◽  
Emily A. Holick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Follicle Size

Follicular fluid is an important environment for oocyte development, yet current knowledge regarding its in vivo oxidant and antioxidant levels remains limited. Examining follicular fluid oxidants and antioxidants will improve understanding of their changes in vivo and contribute to optimisation of in vitro maturation conditions. The aim of the present study was to consider selected markers, namely catalase (CAT) enzyme activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in follicular fluid samples (n = 503) originating from bovine antral follicles. The dynamic changes in two relevant antioxidant measures and one reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured through stages of bovine follicular development and the oestrous cycle. CAT activity and H2O2 levels decreased significantly as follicle size increased, whereas TAC increased significantly as follicle size increased. Lower TAC and higher H2O2 in small follicles suggest increased ROS in the initial stages of folliculogenesis. Because CAT levels are highest in the follicular fluid of small follicles in the setting of an overall low TAC, CAT may represent a dominant antioxidant defence in the initial stages of folliculogenesis. Future studies must focus on other reactive oxygen species and their various scavenger types during antral folliculogenesis.

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