scholarly journals Bovines Harbor a Diverse Array of Vector-Borne Pathogens in Northeast Algeria

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Ghania Boularias ◽  
Naouelle Azzag ◽  
Christelle Gandoin ◽  
Corinne Bouillin ◽  
Bruno Chomel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Mycoplasma Wenyonii ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Extensive Farming ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Babesia Spp ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

Arthropod-borne hemoparasites represent a serious health problem in livestock, causing significant production losses. Currently, the evidence of Anaplasma spp., Theileria spp., Babesia spp., and hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in Algeria remains limited to a few scattered geographical regions. In this work, our objectives were to study the prevalence of these vector-borne pathogens and to search other agents not yet described in Algeria as well as the identification of statistical associations with various risk factors in cattle in the northeast of Algeria. Among the 205 cattle blood samples tested by PCR analysis, 42.4% positive results were obtained for at least one pathogen. The overall rates of Anaplasma spp., Theileria/Babesia spp., and Mycoplasma spp. in the cattle sampled were respectively 30.7%, 18.5%, and 2.9%; co-infections with multiple species was also detected. Anaplasma spp. and Theileria/Babesia spp. were detected at a higher rate in cattle under 3 years old, according to univariate analysis. Anaplasma spp. DNA was detected more frequently in our sample in cattle living in semi extensive farming. Our study provides additional data about Anaplasma spp., Theileria/Babesia spp. and reveals for the first time that Mycoplasma wenyonii and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma hemobos are present in cattle in Northeast Algeria.

scholarly journals Prevalence and co-infection of mosquito- and tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs suspected for canine babesiosis in Lithuania

Biologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Radzijevskaja ◽  
Dovilė Tamoliūnaitė ◽  
Vytautas Sabūnas ◽  
Asta Aleksandravičienė ◽  
Algimantas Paulauskas
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Global Threat

During the past decade, vector-borne diseases (VBDs) have been continuously spreading in Europe, including Lithuania. VBDs are caused by bacteria, parasites, or viruses transmitted by the bite of hematophagous arthropods (mainly ticks and mosquitoes). Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are a growing global threat. Since the majority of these diseases have a zoonotic potential, their management requires a multidisciplinary approach. Global warming and simplified rules for travelling with animal companions provide ideal conditions for the circulation and spreading of vector-borne pathogens in non-endemic geographical regions. Information on CVBD agents at the local and regional levels allows veterinarians to better recognize the pathogens that can affect dogs, thus facilitating diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and co-infection of mosquito- and tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs using molecular DNA analysis methods. Blood samples were collected from dogs presented at different veterinary clinics in six regions of Lithuania. A total of 100 blood samples from dogs suspected for canine babesiosis were screened for the presence of tick-borne pathogens Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia spp., Babesia canis and mosquito-borne pathogens Dirofilaria spp. Results of real-time PCR analysis demonstrated the presence of D. repens in 23.0%, A. phagocytophilum in 35.0%, Babesia spp. in 81.0%, and Borrelia spp. in 19.0% of examined dogs. Double, triple, or even quadruple co-infections were detected. The present study is the first investigation of multiple vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Lithuania using molecular detection methods. Our findings demonstrate a high infection rate of vector-borne pathogens in dogs and suggest that co-infections with anaplasmosis, borreliosis, babesiosis, and dirofilariosis in dogs are expected in Lithuania.

scholarly journals Pathogen screening in the red fox (Vulpes Vulpes) from Lithuania

Biologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Povilas Sakalauskas ◽  
Indrė Lipatova ◽  
Jana Radzijevskaja ◽  
Algimantas Paulauskas
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Pathogen Screening ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Babesia Spp ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

The aim of this study was to screen free-ranging red foxes from Lithuania for the presence of different vector-borne pathogens. A total of 31 red foxes from three districts of Lithuania were molecularly tested for the presence of pathogens. Five different pathogens were detected in 83.9% of red foxes: Anaplasma spp., Bartonella spp., Rickettsia spp., Borrellia spp. and Babesia spp. The presence of Mycoplasma spp. and Dirofilaria spp. was not detected in our study.

scholarly journals Molecular Survey of Vector-Borne Pathogens of Dogs and Cats in Two Regions of Saudi Arabia

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Abdullah D. Alanazi ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Alouffi ◽  
Mohamed S. Alyousif ◽  
Mohammad Y. Alshahrani ◽  
Hend H. A. M. Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Babesia Vogeli ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
First Time

Dogs and cats play an important role as reservoirs of vector-borne pathogens, yet reports of canine and feline vector-borne diseases in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Blood samples were collected from 188 free-roaming dogs and cats in Asir (70 dogs and 44 cats) and Riyadh (74 dogs), Saudi Arabia. The presence of Anaplasma spp., Bartonella spp., hemotropic Mycoplasma spp., Babesia spp., and Hepatozoon spp. was detected using a multiplex tandem real-time PCR. PCR-positive samples were further examined with specific conventional and real-time PCR followed by sequencing. Dogs from Riyadh tested negative for all pathogens, while 46 out of 70 dogs (65.7%) and 17 out of 44 cats (38.6%) from Asir were positive for at least one pathogen. Positive dogs were infected with Anaplasma platys (57.1%), Babesia vogeli (30%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (15.7%), and Bartonella henselae (1.4%), and cats were infected with Mycoplasma haemofelis (13.6%), Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (13.6%), B. henselae (9.2%), and A. platys (2.27%), all of which are reported for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Co-infection with A. platys and B. vogeli was detected in 17 dogs (24.28%), while coinfections were not detected in cats. These results suggest that effective control and public awareness strategies for minimizing infection in animals are necessary.

scholarly journals Bark traits, decomposition and flammability of Australian forest trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Grootemaat ◽  
Ian J. Wright ◽  
Peter M. van Bodegom ◽  
Johannes H. C. Cornelissen ◽  
Veronica Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Forest Tree ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
Physical Traits ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Tissues

Bark shedding is a remarkable feature of Australian trees, yet relatively little is known about interspecific differences in bark decomposability and flammability, or what chemical or physical traits drive variation in these properties. We measured the decomposition rate and flammability (ignitibility, sustainability and combustibility) of bark from 10 common forest tree species, and quantified correlations with potentially important traits. We compared our findings to those for leaf litter, asking whether the same traits drive flammability and decomposition in different tissues, and whether process rates are correlated across tissue types. Considerable variation in bark decomposability and flammability was found both within and across species. Bark decomposed more slowly than leaves, but in both tissues lignin concentration was a key driver. Bark took longer to ignite than leaves, and had longer mass-specific flame durations. Variation in flammability parameters was driven by different traits in the different tissues. Decomposability and flammability were each unrelated, when comparing between the different tissue types. For example, species with fast-decomposing leaves did not necessarily have fast-decomposing bark. For the first time, we show how patterns of variation in decomposability and flammability of bark diverge across multiple species. By taking species-specific bark traits into consideration there is potential to make better estimates of wildfire risks and carbon loss dynamics. This can lead to better informed management decisions for Australian forests, and eucalypt plantations, worldwide.

scholarly journals Elemental and Isotopic Characterization of Tobacco from Umbria

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Luana Bontempo ◽  
Daniela Bertoldi ◽  
Pietro Franceschi ◽  
Fabio Rossi ◽  
Roberto Larcher
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Umbria Region ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Isotopic Characterization ◽  
First Time ◽  
Micro Elements

Umbrian tobacco of the Virginia Bright variety is one of the most appreciated tobaccos in Europe, and one characterized by an excellent yield. In recent years, the Umbria region and local producers have invested in introducing novel practices (for production and processing) focused on environmental, social, and economic sustainability. Due to this, tobacco from Umbria is a leading commodity in the global tobacco industry, and it claims a high economic value. The aim of this study is then to assess if elemental and isotopic compositions can be used to protect the quality and geographical traceability of this particular tobacco. For the first time the characteristic value ranges of the stable isotope ratios of the bio-elements as a whole (δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, and δ34S) and of the concentration of 56 macro- and micro-elements are now available, determined in Virginia Bright tobacco produced in two different areas of Italy (Umbria and Veneto), and from other worldwide geographical regions. The ranges of variability of elements and stable isotope ratios had slightly different results, according to the three geographical origins considered. In particular, Umbria samples presented significantly lower content of metals potentially dangerous for human health. The results of this first exploratory work highlight the possibility of characterizing tobacco from Umbria, and suggest widening the scope of the survey throughout Italy and foreign regions, in order to be used to describe the geographical origin of tobacco in general and verify the origin of the products on the market.

Using population-based routinely collected data from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme to investigate factors associated with discharge to care home after rehabilitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1108-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipankar Dutta ◽  
Daniel Thornton ◽  
Emily Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Care Home ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
National Audit ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Routinely Collected Data ◽  
Early Supported Discharge ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
First Time

Objectives: We investigated factors associated with Care Home (CH) discharge following stroke using routinely collected data in unselected patients and assessed the relevance of previous research findings to such patients seen in routine clinical practice. Design: Retrospective analysis of data from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme using univariate analysis and logistic regression. Setting: A large acute and rehabilitation UK stroke unit with access to early supported discharge. Subjects: All patients with stroke treated from 1 January 2014 to 1 January 2017. Main measures: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: Of 2584 patients (median age 78 years, interquartile range (IQR) 69–86; 50.6% male; 86.7% infarcts; median admission NIHSS 4, IQR 2–9), 401 (15.5%) died in hospital and 203 patients (7.9%) were permanently discharged to CH for the first time. Most had pre-discharge mRS scores of 4/5. Factors (odds ratios; 95% confidence intervals) associated with CH discharge included age (1.07; 1.05–1.10), incontinence (11.5; 7.13–19.25), dysphagia (2.13; 1.39–3.29), severe weakness (1.93; 1.28–2.92), pneumonia (1.68; 1.13–2.50), urinary tract infection (UTI) (1.70; 1.04–2.75) and depression (1.65; 1.00–2.72). In a subgroup of all patients with a pre-discharge mRS of 4/5, age (1.04; 1.02–1.06), incontinence (4.87; 2.39–11.02), UTI (2.0; 1.09–3.71) and pneumonia (1.59; 1.02–2.50) were the only factors associated with CH discharge. Conclusion: Potentially modifiable variables like incontinence, UTI and pneumonia were associated with CH discharge, particularly in the severely disabled.

scholarly journals Rickettsia typhi IN RODENTS AND R. felis IN FLEAS IN YUCATÁN AS A POSSIBLE CAUSAL AGENT OF UNDEFINED FEBRILE CASES

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaspar PENICHE-LARA ◽  
Karla DZUL-ROSADO ◽  
Carlos PÉREZ-OSORIO ◽  
Jorge ZAVALA-CASTRO
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Murine Typhus ◽  
Rickettsia Typhi ◽  
Rickettsia Felis ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time

Rickettsia typhi is the causal agent of murine typhus; a worldwide zoonotic and vector-borne infectious disease, commonly associated with the presence of domestic and wild rodents. Human cases of murine typhus in the state of Yucatán are frequent. However, there is no evidence of the presence of Rickettsia typhi in mammals or vectors in Yucatán. The presence of Rickettsia in rodents and their ectoparasites was evaluated in a small municipality of Yucatán using the conventional polymerase chain reaction technique and sequencing. The study only identified the presence of Rickettsia typhi in blood samples obtained from Rattus rattus and it reported, for the first time, the presence of R. felis in the flea Polygenis odiosus collected from Ototylomys phyllotis rodent. Additionally, Rickettsia felis was detected in the ectoparasite Ctenocephalides felis fleas parasitizing the wild rodent Peromyscus yucatanicus. This study’s results contributed to a better knowledge of Rickettsia epidemiology in Yucatán.

scholarly journals Bovine ephemeral fever epidemics in Kingdom Saudi Arabia: clinical, epidemiological and molecular investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 854-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A Zaghawa ◽  
Fadhel Housawi ◽  
Abdulmohsen Al-Naeem ◽  
Ahmed Elsify ◽  
Yamen Mohammed Hegazy
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Epidemiological Pattern ◽  
First Time

Introduction: Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod borne Rhabdovirus affects cattle and water buffalo causes acute febrile disease. Methodology: The clinical picture and epidemiological pattern of BEF were described among cattle in epidemics of 2007, 2009 and 2011 in four geographical regions of Kingdom Saudi Arabia (Eastern, Jizan, Qasim, and Riyadh). Serum samples were tested using VNT. Virus isolation and molecular characterization were carried out for the first time in KSA. Results: The main clinical symptoms were fever, stiffness, lameness, salivation and subcutaneous emphysema. The prevalence and the mortality rate of BEF have decreased from 70% and 4.6% in 2007 to 30% and 0.6% in 2011, respectively in the 4 studied areas. There was no region association with higher prevalence of BEF. The intracluster correlation (ICC) was estimated for the first time in KSA as 0.0034. BEFV had been isolated from 11 out of 20 samples (55%) and isolation was confirmed by VNT. The molecular detection of BEFV by RT-PCR and real- time RT-qPCR were found more sensitive for diagnosis of the disease than virus isolation; 80% and 90% for the former tests and 55% for the latter. Three isolates were sequenced, they showed 84.7% - 100% identities in between and shared 90.4%-96.5% sequence identity with a previously published sequence from Australia (KF679404). The generated sequences belonged to 3rd cluster of BEFV glycoprotein. Conclusions: BEF occurrence has cyclic nature and the efficacy of vaccines prepared from local strains has to be evaluated and considered in diseases control.

scholarly journals Potential for transmission of Elizabethkingia anophelis by Aedes albopictus and the role of microbial interactions in Zika virus competence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Onyango ◽  
AF Payne ◽  
J Stout ◽  
C Dieme ◽  
L Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Transmission Barrier

AbstractElizabethkingia anophelis has been the cause of four outbreaks with significant morbidity and mortality. Its transmission routes remain unknown and no point source of infection has been identified. Here we show that E. anophelis can be found in the saliva of Aedes mosquitoes, suggesting the novel possibility of vector-borne transmission of this bacterium. We additionally characterized diverse microbial communities in Aedes midguts, salivary glands and saliva. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first description of the microbiome of Aedes saliva. Further, we demonstrate that increased abundance of E. anophelis is associated with decreased susceptibility and replication of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the midgut of Aedes mosquitoes, suggesting a novel transmission barrier for arboviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Together, these results demonstrate the complex relationships between the mosquito, the midgut microbial community and arboviruses and offer insights into the epidemiology and control of emerging bacterial and viral pathogens.Author SummaryElizabethkingia anophelis has in the recent past caused outbreaks different parts of the world resulting both in morbidity and mortality. Until now, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been able to demonstrate that this bacterium can be transmitted by mosquitoes. We have demonstrated for the first time that Elizabethkingia anophelis is present in the saliva of both infected and non-infected Aedes mosquitoes. Further, we have shown that it confers an inhibitory effect on Zika virus establishment in the midguts of Aedes mosquitoes. Together, these results potentially display the potential for vector borne transmission of E. anophelis as well as a novel transmission barrier of ZIKV. Lastly, we have for the first time characterized salivary microbes of Aedes mosquitoes necessitating the investigation of the impact of salivary microbes in severity of disease in vertebrate hosts.

scholarly journals Identification and Functional Characterization of the CVOMT and EOMT Genes Promoters from Ocimum Basilicum L

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Khakdan ◽  
Zahra Shirazi ◽  
Mojtaba Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Stress Dependent ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Abstract Methyl chavicol and methyl eugenol are important phenylpropanoid compounds previously purified from basil. These compounds are significantly enhanced by the water deficit stress-dependent mechanism. Here, for the first time, pObCVOMT and pObEOMT promoters were extracted by the genome walking method. They were then cloned into the upstream of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene to identify the pattern of GUS water deficit stress-specific expression. Histochemical GUS assays showed in transgenic tobacco lines bearing the GUS gene driven by pObCVOMT and pObEOMT promoters, GUS was strongly expressed under water deficit stress. qRT-PCR analysis of pObCVOMT and pObEOMT transgenic plants confirmed the histochemical assays, indicating that the GUS expression is also significantly induced and up-regulated by increasing density of water deficit stress. This indicates these promoters are able to drive inducible expression. The cis-acting elements analysis showed that the pObCVOMT and pObEOMT promoters contained dehydration or water deficit-related transcriptional control elements.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document