scholarly journals Potential for transmission of Elizabethkingia anophelis by Aedes albopictus and the role of microbial interactions in Zika virus competence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Onyango ◽  
AF Payne ◽  
J Stout ◽  
C Dieme ◽  
L Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Transmission Barrier

AbstractElizabethkingia anophelis has been the cause of four outbreaks with significant morbidity and mortality. Its transmission routes remain unknown and no point source of infection has been identified. Here we show that E. anophelis can be found in the saliva of Aedes mosquitoes, suggesting the novel possibility of vector-borne transmission of this bacterium. We additionally characterized diverse microbial communities in Aedes midguts, salivary glands and saliva. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first description of the microbiome of Aedes saliva. Further, we demonstrate that increased abundance of E. anophelis is associated with decreased susceptibility and replication of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the midgut of Aedes mosquitoes, suggesting a novel transmission barrier for arboviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Together, these results demonstrate the complex relationships between the mosquito, the midgut microbial community and arboviruses and offer insights into the epidemiology and control of emerging bacterial and viral pathogens.Author SummaryElizabethkingia anophelis has in the recent past caused outbreaks different parts of the world resulting both in morbidity and mortality. Until now, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been able to demonstrate that this bacterium can be transmitted by mosquitoes. We have demonstrated for the first time that Elizabethkingia anophelis is present in the saliva of both infected and non-infected Aedes mosquitoes. Further, we have shown that it confers an inhibitory effect on Zika virus establishment in the midguts of Aedes mosquitoes. Together, these results potentially display the potential for vector borne transmission of E. anophelis as well as a novel transmission barrier of ZIKV. Lastly, we have for the first time characterized salivary microbes of Aedes mosquitoes necessitating the investigation of the impact of salivary microbes in severity of disease in vertebrate hosts.

scholarly journals A mathematical model for biodiversity diluting transmission of zika virus through competition mechanics

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Zongmin Yue ◽  
Fauzi Mohamed Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Whether increasing biodiversity will lead to a promotion (amplification effect) or inhibition (dilution effect) in the transmission of infectious diseases remains to be discovered. In vector-borne infectious diseases, Lyme Disease (LD) and West Nile Virus (WNV) have become typical examples of the dilution effect of biodiversity. Thus, as a vector-borne disease, biodiversity may also play a positive role in the control of the Zika virus. We developed a Zika virus model affected by biodiversity through a competitive mechanism. Through the qualitative analysis of the model, the stability condition of the disease-free equilibrium point and the control threshold of the disease - the basic reproduction number is given. Not only has the numerical analysis verified the inference results, but also it has shown the regulatory effect of the competition mechanism on Zika virus transmission. As competition limits the size of the vector population, the number of final viral infections also decreases. Besides, we also find that under certain parameter conditions, the dilution effect may disappear because of the different initial values. Finally, we emphasized the impact of human activities on biological diversity, to indirectly dilute the abundance of diversity and make the virus continuously spread.</p>

scholarly journals MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS ACQUIRING COVID-19 FOLLOWING MAJOR ONCOLOGICAL SURGERY IN A TERTIARY CANCER CARE CENTRE

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Minoti Baruah ◽  
Kaberi Kakati ◽  
Amal Ch. Kataki
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Oncological Surgery ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Post Operative Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
The Impact

Introduction : SARS CoV-2 infection has been creating havoc in the world since it was first detected and reported in Wuhan, China in December, 2019. It gradually spread all over the world and became an international emergency. No age is immune to this virus and can affect anyone. Some carriers may be asymptomatic and may act as a potential source of infection. Cancer patients are considered to be a high risk group for contracting this infection with a higher morbidity and mortality. This article analyses the impact and outcome of COVID-19 after major oncological resections. Methods : A retrospective analysis on the morbidity and outcome of COVID-19 in cancer patients after major oncological resections were done from a prospectively maintained database. They were studied from 16th July, 2020 to 30th September, 2020. All surgical candidates underwent a mandatory RTPCR test for COVID-19 pre-operatively. Only the surgical cases who were pre-operatively negative for COVID-19 and then became positive in the post-operative period were taken for analysis. Results : A total of 299 major oncological surgeries were performed during the period of study. Out of these, 10 cases developed COVID-19 in the post-operative period and were taken up for the study. 7 out of the 10 cases were head and neck oncological resections. 4 cases had taken neo-adjuvant chemotherapy before surgery. 2 of the cases died which had probable handling of the aero-digestive tract as a part of the oncological resections. Conclusion : Cancer care has to continue even in the midst of an ongoing pandemic . Hence, identification of the factors which might increase the vulnerability of these patients are important so that extra care can be taken to protect them.

scholarly journals Fractional Dynamics of Vector-Borne Infection with Sexual Transmission Rate and Vaccination

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 3118
Author(s):  
Shah Hussain ◽  
Elissa Nadia Madi ◽  
Naveed Iqbal ◽  
Thongchai Botmart ◽  
Yeliz Karaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Fixed Point Theory ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Fractional Dynamics ◽  
Fractional Operators ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Impact

New fractional operators have the aim of attracting nonlocal problems that display fractal behaviour; and thus fractional derivatives have applications in long-term relation description along with micro-scaled and macro-scaled phenomena. Formulated by fractional operators, the formulation of a dynamical system is used in applications for the description of systems with long-range interactions. Vector-borne illnesses are one of the world’s most serious public health issues with a large economic impact on the nations that are impacted. Population increase, urbanization, globalization, and a lack of public health infrastructure have all had a role in the introduction and reemergence of vector-borne illnesses during the last four decades. The control of these infections are important to lessen the economic burden of vector-borne diseases in infected regions. In this research work, we formulate the transmission process of Zika virus with the impact of sexual incidence rate and vaccination in terms of mathematics. We presented the fundamental theory of fractional operators Caputo–Fabrizio (CF) and Atangana–Baleanu (AB) for the analysis of the proposed system. We examine our system of Zika infection and determined the endemic indicator through a next-generation matrix technique. The uniqueness and existence of the solution has been investigated through fixed point theory. Accordingly, a numerical method has been introduced to investigate the dynamical nature of the system and make a comparison of the outcomes of the operators. The impact of different input factors has been conceptualized through dynamical behaviour of the system. We observed that lowering the index of memory, the fractional system provides accurate results about the recommended Zika dynamics and dramatically reduces infected people. It has been proved that high efficacy of a vaccine can lower the level of infection. Moreover, the impact of other parameters on the system of Zika virus infection are highlighted through numerical results.

Relationship between big five personality model and abusive supervision

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Tahira ◽  
Naveed Saif ◽  
Muhammad Haroon ◽  
Sadaqat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Abusive Supervision ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Supervisor Behavior ◽  
Moderating Role

The current study tries to understand the diverse nature of relationship between personality Big Five Model (PBFM) and student's perception of abusive supervision in higher education institutions of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Pakistan. Data was collected in dyads i.e. (supervisors were asked to rate their personality attributes while student were asked to rate the supervisor behavior) through adopted construct. For this purpose, data was collected from three government state universities and one Private Sector University. The focus was on MS/M.Phill and PhD student and their supervisors of the mentioned universities. After measuring normality and validity regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of supervisor personality characteristics that leads to abusive supervision. Findings indicate interestingly that except agreeableness other four attributes of (PBFM) are play their role for abusive supervision. The results are novel in the nature as for the first time Neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion and conscientiousness are held responsible for the abusive supervision. The study did not explore the demographic characteristics, and moderating role of organizational culture, justice and interpersonal deviances to understand the strength of relationship in more detail way. Keywords: Personality big five model, abusive supervision, HEIs

The Influence of TRIPS Compliant Patent Laws on Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Rastogi ◽  
Virendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Uruguay Round ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Patent Laws ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

The first legislation in India relating to patents was the Act VI of 1856. The Indian Patents and Design Act, 1911 (Act II of 1911) replaced all the previous Acts. The Act brought patent administration under the management of Controller of Patents for the first time. After Independence, it was felt that the Indian Patents & Designs Act, 1911 was not fulfilling its objective. Various comities were constituted to recommend, framing a patent law which can fulfill the requirement of Indian Industry and people. The Indian Patent Act of 1970 was enacted to achieve the above objectives. The major provisions of the act, provided for process, not the product patents in food, medicines, chemicals with a term of 14 years and 5-7 for chemicals and drugs. The Act enabled Indian citizens to access cheapest medicines in the world and paved a way for exponential growth of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry. TRIPS agreement, which is one of the important results of the Uruguay Round, mandated strong patent protection, especially for pharmaceutical products, thereby allowing the patenting of NCEs, compounds and processes. India is thereby required to meet the minimum standards under the TRIPS Agreement in relation to patents and the pharmaceutical industry. India’s patent legislation must now include provisions for availability of patents for both pharmaceutical products and processes inventions. The present paper examines the impact of change in Indian Patent law on Pharmaceutical Industry.

The impact of traditional plants and their secondary metabolites in the discovery of COVID-19 treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabana Bibi ◽  
Ayesha Sarfraz ◽  
Ghazala Mustafa ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Aurang Zeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Test System ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
System Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Sources

Background: Coronavirus Disease-2019 belongs to the family of viruses which cause a serious pneumonia along with fever, breathing issues and infection of lungs for the first time in China and later spread worldwide. Objective: Several studies and clinical trials have been conducted to identify potential drugs and vaccines for Coronavirus Disease-2019. The present study listed natural secondary metabolites identified from plant sources with antiviral properties and could be safer and tolerable treatment for Coronavirus Disease-2019. Methods: A comprehensive search on the reported studies was conducted using different search engine such as Google scholar, SciFinder, Sciencedirect, Medline PubMed, and Scopus for the collection of research articles based on plantderived secondary metabolites, herbal extracts, and traditional medicine for coronavirus infections. Results: Status of COVID-19 worldwide and information of important molecular targets involved in COVID-19 is described and through literature search, is highlighted that numerous plant species and their extracts possess antiviral properties and studied with respect to Coronavirus treatments. Chemical information, plant source, test system type with mechanism of action for each secondary metabolite is also mentioned in this review paper. Conclusion: The present review has listed plants that have presented antiviral potential in the previous coronavirus pandemics and their secondary metabolites which could be significant for the development of novel and a safer drug which could prevent and cure coronavirus infection worldwide.

Individual and Combined Assessment of Ser680Asn FSH Receptor and FSHβ -211 G>T Gene Polymorphisms in Ovarian Response in IVF/ICSI Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elli Anagnostou ◽  
Alexia Kafkoutsou ◽  
Despina Mavrogianni ◽  
Ekaterini Domali ◽  
Evangelia Dimitroulia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Greek Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Molecular Genetic Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Background: Molecular biology tools, such as the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been considered to assist to the management of the ovarian stimulation protocols. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of two polymorphisms, the Asn680Ser polymorphism of the FSHR gene, and the FSH β subunit (FSHβ) gene polymorphism -211 G>T, in a Greek population of women undergoing IVF/ICSI program in our center. In addition, a control group of fertile women was studied, to verify whether there are differences in the genotype distribution between fertile and infertile population for both polymorphisms, as the FSHβ gene polymorphism -211 G>T is studied for the first time in the Greek population. Results : The FSH β-211 G>T polymorphism, studied for the first time in the Greek infertile population, appears to be quite rare. When studying the two polymorphisms separately, statistically significant differences were obtained that concerned the LH levels. Discussion: According to the combination analysis of the two polymorphisms by the number of alleles, women with 2-3 polymorphic alleles needed more days of stimulation, but there were no differences in pregnancy rates. Conclusion: This molecular genetic study helps to elucidate whether the polygenic combination of the Asn680Ser and FSH β subunit -211 G>T gene polymorphisms is of additive value in the prediction of ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins.

Impact of Nanotechnology Patents on Green Development of China's Building Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Xialing Sun ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
Pengpeng Li ◽  
Jin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Building Engineering

Background: The sustainable development of the building industry has drawn increasing attention around the world. Nanomaterials and nanotechnology play an important role in the processes of energy saving and reducing consumption in the building industry. Nanotechnology patents provide key technological support for the green development of the building industry. Based on patent data in China, this paper quantitatively analyzed the application of nanotechnology patents in the building industry and the time trend, regional differences, and evolution of China's nano-patent applications in the building field. Methods: In this study, the environmental total factor productivity of the building industry considering carbon constraints was determined and then used as the dependent variable to measure the green development of the building industry. On this basis, a panel data regression model was constructed to determine the impact of nano-patents on the green development of the building industry. Results: Nanotechnology patents in the building industry can significantly improve total factor productivity. From the perspective of patent composition, technology-based patents that focus on substantial innovation can significantly promote the green development of the building industry, whereas strategic patents show a significant inhibitory effect. Regionally, the western region of China has the advantage of being less developed and thus more efficient than the central and eastern regions in the application of new nano-products. Finally, the research also showed a significant lag in the application of China's nanotechnology patents and low implementation efficiency. Conclusion: Nano patents can promote green development in the building industry, but there is room for improvement in the speed with which laboratory inventions are transformed into building engineering applications.

Reconstituting the International, 1918–1923

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talbot C. Imlay
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Events ◽  
Great War ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
Meaning And Purpose ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Do So ◽  
Lengthy Process

This chapter examines the post-war efforts of European socialists to reconstitute the Socialist International. Initial efforts to cooperate culminated in an international socialist conference in Berne in February 1919 at which socialists from the two wartime camps met for the first time. In the end, however, it would take four years to reconstitute the International with the creation of the Labour and Socialist International (LSI) in 1923. That it took so long to do so is a testimony to the impact of the Great War and to the Bolshevik revolution. Together, these two seismic events compelled socialists to reconsider the meaning and purpose of socialism. The search for answers sparked prolonged debates between and within the major parties, profoundly reconfiguring the pre-war world of European socialism. One prominent stake in this lengthy process, moreover, was the nature of socialist internationalism—both its content and its functioning.

scholarly journals Autism Tsunami: the Impact of Rising Prevalence on the Societal Cost of Autism in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Blaxill ◽  
Toby Rogers ◽  
Cynthia Nevison
Keyword(s):  
Forecast Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Total Base ◽  
Cost Categories ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe cost of ASD in the U.S. is estimated using a forecast model that for the first time accounts for the true historical increase in ASD. Model inputs include ASD prevalence, census population projections, six cost categories, ten age brackets, inflation projections, and three future prevalence scenarios. Future ASD costs increase dramatically: total base-case costs of $223 (175–271) billion/year are estimated in 2020; $589 billion/year in 2030, $1.36 trillion/year in 2040, and $5.54 (4.29–6.78) trillion/year by 2060, with substantial potential savings through ASD prevention. Rising prevalence, the shift from child to adult-dominated costs, the transfer of costs from parents onto government, and the soaring total costs raise pressing policy questions and demand an urgent focus on prevention strategies.

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