scholarly journals Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii in Mediterranean Fish Farms: New Trouble for European Aquaculture?

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Davide Mugetti ◽  
Katia Varello ◽  
Andrea Gustinelli ◽  
Paolo Pastorino ◽  
Vasco Menconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sciaenops Ocellatus ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
European Aquaculture

Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii, a slow-growing mycobacterium closely related to M. marinum, has been isolated only in wild fish in the United States and in Japanese fish farms to date. Here, we report cases of mortality in three farmed fish species (Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata, and Sciaenops ocellatus) caused by M. pseudoshottsii in Italy. Samples underwent necropsy, histology, and culture with pathogen identification based on PCR and sequencing of housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, hsp65, rpoB). Multifocal to coalescing granulomatous and necrotizing inflammation with acid-fast bacilli were observed in the parenchymatous organs, from which M. pseudoshottsii was isolated and identified. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the results of gene sequencing and allowed subdivision of the isolates into three distinct groups. M. pseudoshottsii poses a potential threat for Mediterranean aquaculture. Its origin in the area under study needs to be clarified, as well as the threat to the farmed fish species.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anisakis Larvae in Different Fish Species in Southern Albania: Five-Year Monitoring (2016–2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11528
Author(s):  
Enkeleda Ozuni ◽  
Ani Vodica ◽  
Marta Castrica ◽  
Gabriele Brecchia ◽  
Giulio Curone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Negative Results

Anisakidae are nematodes that commonly parasitize in the coelomic cavity and viscera of several fish species. They can be found in flesh, which is why they have an important economic and public health impact. The aim of the current work was to assess the presence and prevalence of Anisakis larvae in fish species caught in the coastal area of the Karaburun Peninsula in Vlora Bay (Albania). A total of 856 of wild teleosts and 219 specimens of farmed fish were collected over a 5-year period (from 2016 to 2020). The results showed that out of a total of 1075 analyzed samples, 361 (33.58%) were parasitized with L3 larvae. In particular, only Solea vulgaris returned negative results, while Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax, and Sardinella aurita showed the lowest prevalence (4.55%, 9.17%, and 10.53%, respectively) and mean abundance (0.84, 1.19, and 0.92, respectively). Conversely, Scomber japonicus and Scomber scombrus showed the highest prevalence (74.07% and 68.00%, respectively) and mean abundance (188.24 and 249.82, respectively). The data suggest that the coastal area of the Karaburun Peninsula (southern Albania) may be a high-risk area for zoonotic diseases, and the consumption of raw or undercooked fish caught in the Vlora district could result in the acquisition of human anisakiasis. For these reasons, it is necessary to improve the surveillance plan.

scholarly journals Seasonal Evaluation of Freshness Profile of Commercially Important Fish Species

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1567
Author(s):  
Patrícia G. Cardoso ◽  
Odete Gonçalves ◽  
Maria F. Carvalho ◽  
Rodrigo Ozório ◽  
Paulo Vaz-Pires
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
The Other ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
General Data

Freshness is considered one of the most important parameters to judge the quality of most fish products. In the current study, the seasonality effect on the freshness profile of different economic fish species was evaluated for the first time, using three different approaches (sensory: Quality Index Method (QIM) and European (EC) Scheme; physical: Torrymeter (TRM) values; and microbiological analyses: Total Viable Counts (TVC) and degradative bacteria). Over a year, individuals of farmed fish Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax, as well as the wild fish Trachurus trachurus, Scomber colias, and Sardina pilchardus, were sampled seasonally for the evaluation of their freshness profile over 10 days on ice. In general, data showed an increase in QIM values, a decline in TRM, and an increase of spoilage bacteria throughout the storage time, revealing a clear temporal degradation of the quality of the fish. Additionally, some signs of seasonality effect could only be observed for some species. For example, the seabass D. labrax showed lower numbers of degradative bacteria in winter than in the other seasons, suggesting a high potential to be marketed in a fresher condition, especially during that season. On the other hand, S. colias showed higher freshness scores (i.e., higher TRM values in spring and autumn and lower numbers of bacteria in summer) from spring to autumn. However, from the five studied species, S. colias presented the lowest freshness values, indicating a higher fragility of this species. This information is extremely relevant for consumers and retailers that want to invest in higher quality products, as they would thus be able to choose certain species in detriment of others. Additionally, obtained data showed that farmed species reached day 10 of storage time with lower values of QIM and microbial counts (cfu), as well as higher values of TRM, in relation to wild species. These results reinforce the idea that farmed fish can, under proper conditions, present high quality/freshness profile.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Aquaculture in a Changing Climate: Temperature Effects on Pathogens and Diseases of Three Farmed Fish Species

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara Cascarano ◽  
Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou ◽  
Ivona Mladineo ◽  
Kim D. Thompson ◽  
Nikos Papandroulakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
The Mediterranean

Climate change is expected to have a drastic effect on aquaculture worldwide. As we move forward with the agenda to increase and diversify aquaculture production, rising temperatures will have a progressively relevant impact on fish farming, linked to a multitude of issues associated with fish welfare. Temperature affects the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and has the potential to lead to significant increases in disease outbreaks within aquaculture systems, resulting in severe financial impacts. Significant shifts in future temperature regimes are projected for the Mediterranean Sea. We therefore aim to review and discuss the existing knowledge relating to disease outbreaks in the context of climate change in Mediterranean finfish aquaculture. The objective is to describe the effects of temperature on the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and moreover to list and discuss the principal diseases of the three main fish species farmed in the Mediterranean, namely gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and meagre (Argyrosomus regius). We will attempt to link the pathology of each disease to a specific temperature range, while discussing potential future disease threats associated with the available climate change trends for the Mediterranean Sea.

Genetic characterization of wild and farmed European seabass in the Adriatic sea: assessment of farmed escapees using a Bayesian approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Šegvić-Bubić ◽  
Leon Grubišić ◽  
Željka Trumbić ◽  
Rino Stanić ◽  
Jelena Ljubković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
European Seabass ◽  
Solid Foundation

Hybridizations between domesticated escaped farmed fish and wild conspecifics may increase genetic diversity or break down locally adapted gene complexes, thus reducing competitive ability and overall fitness. We examined the genetic structure of six farmed populations of European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, of different geographical origin, and ten neighbouring wild populations in the Adriatic Sea using 10 microsatellite loci. All loci were polymorphic, with mean expected heterozygosity >74% in all 16 populations. Overall number of alleles as well as short-term effective population size were smaller in farmed (A = 18.7; Ne = 56.1) than in wild populations (A = 21.2; Ne = 180.6). The global FST of 0.0672 across loci showed significant population subdivision. Strong genetic differences between farmed fish and their wild conspecifics enabled the identification of seabass escapees back to their origins and the estimation of the extent of hybridization. Bayesian assignment analyses clustered wild populations together, whereas each farmed populations was assigned to a separate cluster. Intraspecific hybridization was highest in wild populations in areas impacted by fish farms, where highly admixed populations had decreased genetic diversity. The results of this study represent a solid foundation required to establish a genetic register of European seabass wild and farmed populations in the eastern Adriatic Sea that are required to establish a seabass DNA register.

scholarly journals Visceral oil from farmed Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax and Diplodus puntazzo as a source of ω-3 PUFA

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 414-423
Author(s):  
Sinanoglou Vassilia ◽  
Houhoula Dimitra ◽  
Kyrana Vasiliki ◽  
Lougovois Vladimiros
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Diplodus Puntazzo ◽  
Lipid Oxidation Products ◽  
Muscle Lipids ◽  
Total Pufa

Crude oils recovered from the viscera of conventionally and organically farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo) were characterised. Triacylglycerols (TAG) and phospholipids (PL) were the major lipid classes. Visceral oils contained high levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The DHA/EPA ratios (range 1.66–2.46) were higher in organically farmed fish. Total PUFA and n-3 fatty acid levels varied according to both species and rearing system, and were higher in the conventionally farmed sparids. The ratios of n-3 to n-6 PUFA (1.42–2.19) were comparable to the values reported for muscle lipids, while the PUFA/SFA ratios (1.07–1.33) exceeded the recommended value. Visceral oils exhibited good oxidative stability, as judged by monitoring lipid oxidation products during storage at 63°C. These data indicate that the viscera of all three species may represent a good source for the production of omega-3 rich oils.

scholarly journals Wild fish diversity around the sea-cage fish farms in the Aegean Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-283
Author(s):  
Okan Akyol ◽  
Tevfik Ceyhan ◽  
F. Ozan Düzbastılar ◽  
Aytaç Özgül ◽  
Halil Şen
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Fish Aggregation ◽  
Sea Cage ◽  
Cage Fish

Structures, floating on the surface of the ocean attract both juvenile and adult fishes in great numbers and diversity. Natural and artificial Fish Aggregation Devices (FADs) in open seas are widely recognised for their capacity to attract pelagic fishes. It can be assumed that floating sea-cages act as a kind of FAD. Even, fish aggregations beneath the sea-cages increase much more by the influence of feeding. In this study, aggregations of wild fish were counted around six sea-cage fish farms in both northern and southern Aegean Sea. Each fish farm cultivated Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax and the farms deployed between 720 m and 3 km far from the coast. Between July 2015 and July 2017, assemblages of wild fish were counted bimonthly on two separate days at each of these farms. The Rapid Visual Counts (RVC) in five minutes with SCUBA and covering 11250 m3 were performed for six times within each farm. A total of 40 species, belonging to 22 families were recorded at fish farms, with 3 families, Sparidae (7 species), Carangidae (6 species) and Mugilidae (4 species) being particularly abundant. The results of the study and other studies conducted in other parts of the Mediterranean were merged; it was found that a total of 99 fish species were listed around sea-cage fish farms in the Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a combined species SNP array for the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Peñaloza ◽  
T. Manousaki ◽  
R. Franch ◽  
A. Tsakogiannis ◽  
A. Sonesson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
European Seabass ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractSNP arrays are powerful tools for high-resolution studies of the genetic basis of complex traits, facilitating both population genomic and selective breeding research. The European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) are the two most important fish species for Mediterranean aquaculture. While selective breeding programmes increasingly underpin stocky supply for this industry, genomic selection is not yet widespread. Genomic selection has major potential to expedite genetic gain, in particular for traits practically impossible to measure on selection candidates, such as disease resistance and fillet yield. The aim of our study was to design a combined-species 60K SNP array for both European seabass and gilthead seabream, and to validate its performance on farmed and wild populations from numerous locations throughout the species range. To achieve this, high coverage Illumina whole genome sequencing of pooled samples was performed for 24 populations of European seabass and 27 populations of gilthead seabream. This resulted in a database of ~20 million SNPs per species, which were then filtered to identify high-quality variants and create the final set for the development of the ‘MedFish’ SNP array. The array was then tested by genotyping a subset of the discovery populations and demonstrated a high conversion rate to functioning polymorphic assays on the array (92% in seabass: 89% in seabream) and repeatability (99.4 - 99.7%). The platform interrogates ~30K markers in each fish species, includes features such as SNPs previously shown to be associated with performance traits, and is enriched for SNPs predicted to alter protein function. The array was demonstrated to be effective at detecting population structure across a wide range of fish populations from diverse geographical origins, and to examine the extent of haplotype sharing among Mediterranean fish farms. Therefore, the MedFish array enables efficient and accurate high-throughput genotyping for genome-wide distributed SNPs on each fish species, and will facilitate stock management, population genomics approaches, and acceleration of selective breeding through genomic selection.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the biochemical and haematological parameters of four wild Tyrrhenian fish species

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fazio ◽  
S. Marafioti ◽  
F. Arfuso ◽  
G. Piccione ◽  
C. Faggio
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Lactate Levels

A characteristic feature of fish is the wide physiological range of blood parameters and also the large individual variations. The aim of this study was to compare the haematological profile, glucose and lactate levels of four teleost fish species (Gobius niger, Mugil cephalus, Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax) and to establish the similarities and differences between these species which are widely present in the Tyrrhenian Sea. To this end, glucose, lactate and complete haematological profiles were determined for 25 fish from each species. Statistical analysis confirmed statistical differences in blood parameters among the four species. Our findings show a lower level of glucose and higher levels of lactate, red blood cells and haemoglobin in M. cephalus with respect to the other species. White blood cell and thrombocyte counts have the same trend and result higher in S. aurata. The differences found in this study can be attributed to the feeding behaviour, life style and adaptation of the different fish species to the habitat in which they dwell.

scholarly journals The Bromodomain testis-specific gene (Brdt) characterization and expression in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, and European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Úbeda-Manzanaro ◽  
J.B. Ortiz-Delgado ◽  
C. Sarasquete
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
European Seabass ◽  
Organ Systems

<p>Multiple genes and transcription factors are involved in regulation and control of the complex process of sex determination and differentiation of fish species. Also more, several hormonal factors and some environmental conditions can also be adequate spawning strategies and stimuli for inducing reproduction of fish species. <em>Brdt</em> gene belongs to the bromodomain-extraterminal domain (BET) family of transcriptional coregulators. In mammals, <em>Brdt</em> gene is almost exclusively expressed in testis. Furthermore, Brdt protein is involved in elongating spermatids, and is required for proper spermatogenesis and male fertility. However, from our understanding of fish species, the role of this gene as key, during gametogenesis, still remains unknown. In this study, two <em>Brdt</em> mRNA transcripts were isolated from two teleostean fish species, gilthead seabream and European seabass. In both species the shorter form lacked a functional C-terminal domain, which may involve a different function as transcriptional regulator. The pattern of <em>Brdt</em> expression showed that the highest levels occurred in the gonads. Significantly lower levels of expression were detected in brain, pituitary and different organ systems (heart, kidney, gills, among other somatic tissues) from both studied species. <em>In situ</em> hybridization approach evidenced that <em>Brdt</em> mRNA expression was restricted to specific cell-types of the germ line, during both oogenesis and spermatogenesis processes.</p>

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