scholarly journals Prevalence of Anisakis Larvae in Different Fish Species in Southern Albania: Five-Year Monitoring (2016–2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11528
Author(s):  
Enkeleda Ozuni ◽  
Ani Vodica ◽  
Marta Castrica ◽  
Gabriele Brecchia ◽  
Giulio Curone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Negative Results

Anisakidae are nematodes that commonly parasitize in the coelomic cavity and viscera of several fish species. They can be found in flesh, which is why they have an important economic and public health impact. The aim of the current work was to assess the presence and prevalence of Anisakis larvae in fish species caught in the coastal area of the Karaburun Peninsula in Vlora Bay (Albania). A total of 856 of wild teleosts and 219 specimens of farmed fish were collected over a 5-year period (from 2016 to 2020). The results showed that out of a total of 1075 analyzed samples, 361 (33.58%) were parasitized with L3 larvae. In particular, only Solea vulgaris returned negative results, while Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax, and Sardinella aurita showed the lowest prevalence (4.55%, 9.17%, and 10.53%, respectively) and mean abundance (0.84, 1.19, and 0.92, respectively). Conversely, Scomber japonicus and Scomber scombrus showed the highest prevalence (74.07% and 68.00%, respectively) and mean abundance (188.24 and 249.82, respectively). The data suggest that the coastal area of the Karaburun Peninsula (southern Albania) may be a high-risk area for zoonotic diseases, and the consumption of raw or undercooked fish caught in the Vlora district could result in the acquisition of human anisakiasis. For these reasons, it is necessary to improve the surveillance plan.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii in Mediterranean Fish Farms: New Trouble for European Aquaculture?

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Davide Mugetti ◽  
Katia Varello ◽  
Andrea Gustinelli ◽  
Paolo Pastorino ◽  
Vasco Menconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sciaenops Ocellatus ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
European Aquaculture

Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii, a slow-growing mycobacterium closely related to M. marinum, has been isolated only in wild fish in the United States and in Japanese fish farms to date. Here, we report cases of mortality in three farmed fish species (Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata, and Sciaenops ocellatus) caused by M. pseudoshottsii in Italy. Samples underwent necropsy, histology, and culture with pathogen identification based on PCR and sequencing of housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, hsp65, rpoB). Multifocal to coalescing granulomatous and necrotizing inflammation with acid-fast bacilli were observed in the parenchymatous organs, from which M. pseudoshottsii was isolated and identified. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the results of gene sequencing and allowed subdivision of the isolates into three distinct groups. M. pseudoshottsii poses a potential threat for Mediterranean aquaculture. Its origin in the area under study needs to be clarified, as well as the threat to the farmed fish species.

scholarly journals Seasonal Evaluation of Freshness Profile of Commercially Important Fish Species

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1567
Author(s):  
Patrícia G. Cardoso ◽  
Odete Gonçalves ◽  
Maria F. Carvalho ◽  
Rodrigo Ozório ◽  
Paulo Vaz-Pires
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
The Other ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
General Data

Freshness is considered one of the most important parameters to judge the quality of most fish products. In the current study, the seasonality effect on the freshness profile of different economic fish species was evaluated for the first time, using three different approaches (sensory: Quality Index Method (QIM) and European (EC) Scheme; physical: Torrymeter (TRM) values; and microbiological analyses: Total Viable Counts (TVC) and degradative bacteria). Over a year, individuals of farmed fish Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax, as well as the wild fish Trachurus trachurus, Scomber colias, and Sardina pilchardus, were sampled seasonally for the evaluation of their freshness profile over 10 days on ice. In general, data showed an increase in QIM values, a decline in TRM, and an increase of spoilage bacteria throughout the storage time, revealing a clear temporal degradation of the quality of the fish. Additionally, some signs of seasonality effect could only be observed for some species. For example, the seabass D. labrax showed lower numbers of degradative bacteria in winter than in the other seasons, suggesting a high potential to be marketed in a fresher condition, especially during that season. On the other hand, S. colias showed higher freshness scores (i.e., higher TRM values in spring and autumn and lower numbers of bacteria in summer) from spring to autumn. However, from the five studied species, S. colias presented the lowest freshness values, indicating a higher fragility of this species. This information is extremely relevant for consumers and retailers that want to invest in higher quality products, as they would thus be able to choose certain species in detriment of others. Additionally, obtained data showed that farmed species reached day 10 of storage time with lower values of QIM and microbial counts (cfu), as well as higher values of TRM, in relation to wild species. These results reinforce the idea that farmed fish can, under proper conditions, present high quality/freshness profile.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Aquaculture in a Changing Climate: Temperature Effects on Pathogens and Diseases of Three Farmed Fish Species

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara Cascarano ◽  
Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou ◽  
Ivona Mladineo ◽  
Kim D. Thompson ◽  
Nikos Papandroulakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
The Mediterranean

Climate change is expected to have a drastic effect on aquaculture worldwide. As we move forward with the agenda to increase and diversify aquaculture production, rising temperatures will have a progressively relevant impact on fish farming, linked to a multitude of issues associated with fish welfare. Temperature affects the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and has the potential to lead to significant increases in disease outbreaks within aquaculture systems, resulting in severe financial impacts. Significant shifts in future temperature regimes are projected for the Mediterranean Sea. We therefore aim to review and discuss the existing knowledge relating to disease outbreaks in the context of climate change in Mediterranean finfish aquaculture. The objective is to describe the effects of temperature on the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and moreover to list and discuss the principal diseases of the three main fish species farmed in the Mediterranean, namely gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and meagre (Argyrosomus regius). We will attempt to link the pathology of each disease to a specific temperature range, while discussing potential future disease threats associated with the available climate change trends for the Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals Visceral oil from farmed Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax and Diplodus puntazzo as a source of ω-3 PUFA

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 414-423
Author(s):  
Sinanoglou Vassilia ◽  
Houhoula Dimitra ◽  
Kyrana Vasiliki ◽  
Lougovois Vladimiros
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Diplodus Puntazzo ◽  
Lipid Oxidation Products ◽  
Muscle Lipids ◽  
Total Pufa

Crude oils recovered from the viscera of conventionally and organically farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo) were characterised. Triacylglycerols (TAG) and phospholipids (PL) were the major lipid classes. Visceral oils contained high levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The DHA/EPA ratios (range 1.66–2.46) were higher in organically farmed fish. Total PUFA and n-3 fatty acid levels varied according to both species and rearing system, and were higher in the conventionally farmed sparids. The ratios of n-3 to n-6 PUFA (1.42–2.19) were comparable to the values reported for muscle lipids, while the PUFA/SFA ratios (1.07–1.33) exceeded the recommended value. Visceral oils exhibited good oxidative stability, as judged by monitoring lipid oxidation products during storage at 63°C. These data indicate that the viscera of all three species may represent a good source for the production of omega-3 rich oils.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a combined species SNP array for the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Peñaloza ◽  
T. Manousaki ◽  
R. Franch ◽  
A. Tsakogiannis ◽  
A. Sonesson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
European Seabass ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractSNP arrays are powerful tools for high-resolution studies of the genetic basis of complex traits, facilitating both population genomic and selective breeding research. The European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) are the two most important fish species for Mediterranean aquaculture. While selective breeding programmes increasingly underpin stocky supply for this industry, genomic selection is not yet widespread. Genomic selection has major potential to expedite genetic gain, in particular for traits practically impossible to measure on selection candidates, such as disease resistance and fillet yield. The aim of our study was to design a combined-species 60K SNP array for both European seabass and gilthead seabream, and to validate its performance on farmed and wild populations from numerous locations throughout the species range. To achieve this, high coverage Illumina whole genome sequencing of pooled samples was performed for 24 populations of European seabass and 27 populations of gilthead seabream. This resulted in a database of ~20 million SNPs per species, which were then filtered to identify high-quality variants and create the final set for the development of the ‘MedFish’ SNP array. The array was then tested by genotyping a subset of the discovery populations and demonstrated a high conversion rate to functioning polymorphic assays on the array (92% in seabass: 89% in seabream) and repeatability (99.4 - 99.7%). The platform interrogates ~30K markers in each fish species, includes features such as SNPs previously shown to be associated with performance traits, and is enriched for SNPs predicted to alter protein function. The array was demonstrated to be effective at detecting population structure across a wide range of fish populations from diverse geographical origins, and to examine the extent of haplotype sharing among Mediterranean fish farms. Therefore, the MedFish array enables efficient and accurate high-throughput genotyping for genome-wide distributed SNPs on each fish species, and will facilitate stock management, population genomics approaches, and acceleration of selective breeding through genomic selection.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the biochemical and haematological parameters of four wild Tyrrhenian fish species

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fazio ◽  
S. Marafioti ◽  
F. Arfuso ◽  
G. Piccione ◽  
C. Faggio
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Lactate Levels

A characteristic feature of fish is the wide physiological range of blood parameters and also the large individual variations. The aim of this study was to compare the haematological profile, glucose and lactate levels of four teleost fish species (Gobius niger, Mugil cephalus, Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax) and to establish the similarities and differences between these species which are widely present in the Tyrrhenian Sea. To this end, glucose, lactate and complete haematological profiles were determined for 25 fish from each species. Statistical analysis confirmed statistical differences in blood parameters among the four species. Our findings show a lower level of glucose and higher levels of lactate, red blood cells and haemoglobin in M. cephalus with respect to the other species. White blood cell and thrombocyte counts have the same trend and result higher in S. aurata. The differences found in this study can be attributed to the feeding behaviour, life style and adaptation of the different fish species to the habitat in which they dwell.

scholarly journals The Bromodomain testis-specific gene (Brdt) characterization and expression in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, and European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Úbeda-Manzanaro ◽  
J.B. Ortiz-Delgado ◽  
C. Sarasquete
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
European Seabass ◽  
Organ Systems

<p>Multiple genes and transcription factors are involved in regulation and control of the complex process of sex determination and differentiation of fish species. Also more, several hormonal factors and some environmental conditions can also be adequate spawning strategies and stimuli for inducing reproduction of fish species. <em>Brdt</em> gene belongs to the bromodomain-extraterminal domain (BET) family of transcriptional coregulators. In mammals, <em>Brdt</em> gene is almost exclusively expressed in testis. Furthermore, Brdt protein is involved in elongating spermatids, and is required for proper spermatogenesis and male fertility. However, from our understanding of fish species, the role of this gene as key, during gametogenesis, still remains unknown. In this study, two <em>Brdt</em> mRNA transcripts were isolated from two teleostean fish species, gilthead seabream and European seabass. In both species the shorter form lacked a functional C-terminal domain, which may involve a different function as transcriptional regulator. The pattern of <em>Brdt</em> expression showed that the highest levels occurred in the gonads. Significantly lower levels of expression were detected in brain, pituitary and different organ systems (heart, kidney, gills, among other somatic tissues) from both studied species. <em>In situ</em> hybridization approach evidenced that <em>Brdt</em> mRNA expression was restricted to specific cell-types of the germ line, during both oogenesis and spermatogenesis processes.</p>

scholarly journals Update on the Inactivation Procedures for the Vaccine Development Prospects of a New Highly Virulent RGNNV Isolate

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Alberto Falco ◽  
Melissa Bello-Perez ◽  
Rocío Díaz-Puertas ◽  
Matthew Mold ◽  
Mikolaj Adamek
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Nervous Necrosis Virus ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Viral Nervous Necrosis ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Uv C

Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) caused by the nervous necrosis virus (NNV) affects a broad range of primarily marine fish species, with mass mortality rates often seen among larvae and juveniles. Its genetic diversification may hinder the effective implementation of preventive measures such as vaccines. The present study describes different inactivation procedures for developing an inactivated vaccine against a new NNV isolate confirmed to possess deadly effects upon the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), an important Mediterranean farmed fish species that is highly susceptible to this disease. First, an NNV isolate from seabass adults diagnosed with VNN was rescued and the sequences of its two genome segments (RNA1 and RNA2) were classified into the red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) genotype, closely clustering to the highly pathogenic 283.2009 isolate. The testing of different inactivation procedures revealed that the virus particles of this isolate showed a marked resistance to heat (for at least 60 °C for 120 min with and without 1% BSA) but that they were fully inactivated by 3 mJ/cm2 UV-C irradiation and 24 h 0.2% formalin treatment, which stood out as promising NNV-inactivation procedures for potential vaccine candidates. Therefore, these procedures are feasible, effective, and rapid response strategies for VNN control in aquaculture.

Absence of Anisakid Larvae in Farmed European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) and Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L.) in Southeast Spain

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1332-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. PEÑALVER ◽  
E. MARÍA DOLORES ◽  
P. MUÑOZ
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Anisakid Larvae

In the present study, a total of 871 farmed fish, 612 gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) and 259 European sea bass (Dicentrarchux labrax L.), were examined for the presence of anisakid larvae. Two diagnostic methods were applied, visual inspection and artificial digestion based on the degradation of fish soft tissue in an acidified pepsin enzyme solution. None of the samples examined in this study contained any anisakid parasite. The results suggest that consumption of these farmed fish species carries a minimal risk of exposure to these nematodes in this region.

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