scholarly journals Distribution of Parasitic Helminths in the Small Intestine of the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Jacek Karamon ◽  
Jacek Sroka ◽  
Joanna Dąbrowska ◽  
Ewa Bilska-Zając ◽  
Katarzyna Skrzypek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Alaria Alata ◽  
Different Types

The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution of the main groups of parasitic helminths within the small intestine of the red fox on the example of animals coming from eastern Poland. Two hundred and sixteen red foxes shot in eastern Poland were used in the investigation. Before examination, each small intestine was divided into three equal parts: anterior (A), middle (M), and posterior (P). Each part was examined separately with the sedimentation and counting technique. Six different types of intestinal parasites were detected: Alaria alata (78.7%), Mesocestoides spp. (78.2%), hookworms (72.7%), Taenia spp. (53.2%), Toxocara/Toxascaris (43.1%), and Echinococcus multilocularis (18.5%). Alaria alata was most often found in A and in the only-A variant. Taenia spp. and Toxocara/Toxascaris occurred often in A and were the second (after A. alata) parasites in terms of frequency occurring in the only-A variant. Mesocestoides spp. was most commonly located in M. Parasites with predilection sites located mainly in M and P were E. multilocularis and hookworms. In all parasite species, the variant covering the entire intestine (A + M + P) was found in samples with a higher intensity compared to variants limited to one or two fragments. Our investigation, as one of the few of its type, conducted a comprehensive analysis of the distribution of intestinal helminths in the small intestine of the red fox. It showed significant differences in the distribution of parasitic helminths in the small intestine of the red fox. Determining typical predilection sites for parasites in the intestine can be helpful in creating effective diagnostic methods.

scholarly journals Effect of Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Red Fox Intestine on the Prevalence of Its Intestinal Parasites

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Marie Borkovcova ◽  
Vladimir Fiser ◽  
Martina Bednarova ◽  
Zdenek Havlicek ◽  
Anna Adámková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was (i) to compare levels of accumulated heavy metals in the fox intestines with and without parasites. Moreover, our research also dealt with (ii) examination of the relationship between heavy metal content in fox intestines and between the presence of fox intestinal parasites. The intestines of 34 hunter-killed foxes were dissected to detect the occurrence of parasites. In 15 intestinal samples, parasitic intestinal helminths were found. Heavy metal content in small intestine tissue and in parasites was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The prevalence of parasites was significantly dependent on Cd content in the host’s small intestine (p < 0.01). To conclude, the authors suggest that parasites are sensitive to Cd levels; their prevalence in the intestines of the fox host decreases to zero with increasing Cd content.

scholarly journals Influence of anthelmintic baits on the occurrence of causative agents of helminthozoonoses in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Antolová ◽  
M. Miterpáková ◽  
K. Reiterová ◽  
P. Dubinský
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Wildlife Reservoir

AbstractRed fox (Vulpes vulpes) presents major wildlife reservoir of parasitozoonoses, transmissible to humans and domestic animals. The study was aimed to find out the effect of anthelmintic baits on the occurrence of Echinococcus multilocularis and other intestinal helminths in red foxes. In two bait areas (B1 and B2) 20 baits per km2 were distributed monthly between August 2004 and April 2005. Fox fecal samples were collected in both bait areas and two control areas (C1 and C2) between August 2004 and August 2005. In bait area B1 the decrease of parasite species number, decrease of their prevalence and prevalence of E. multilocularis was observed. No significant decline was observed in bait area B2, probably due to consumption of baits by wild boars. Bait distribution represents the possibility of reduction of environmental contamination with parasites and their propagation stages. Especially on the periphery of towns and villages and in recreational areas it seems to be suitable way of human health protection.

scholarly journals Significance of the red fox as a natural reservoir of intestinal zoonoses in Vojvodina, Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Miljević ◽  
Olivera Bjelić Čabrilo ◽  
Verica Simin ◽  
Borislav Čabrilo ◽  
Jelena Boganč Miljević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Fox ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
Alaria Alata ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina ◽  
Vojvodina Province

In the present study, 223 foxes were collected from various localities in the northern part of the Republic of Serbia (Vojvodina province) and examined for intestinal helminths. Among the examined foxes 178 (79.8%) were infected. The most frequently identified parasites were Mesocestoides spp. (49.3%) and Toxascaris leonina (36.3%). The parasite with the lowest prevalence was Pterygodermatites affinis (0.9%), and this is the first confirmed finding in Serbia. The other recovered species were Alaria alata (25.6%), Taenia spp. (6.3%), Echinococcus multilocularis (13%), Toxocara canis (16.6%) and Uncinaria stenocephala (14.8%). The highest number of foxes infected with E. multilocularis were in the Srem area. The results of this study indicate the presence of helminth species in red foxes in Vojvodina which may also infect humans.

scholarly journals Parasites of the alimentary tract of European otters in Bory Tucholskie National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (01) ◽  
pp. 6480-2021
Author(s):  
Górski P. ◽  
Lubińska K ◽  
Karabowicz J. ◽  
Bartosik J. ◽  
Zygner W.
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
National Park ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Lutra Lutra ◽  
Alaria Alata ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

The aim of the study was to investigate the intestinal parasites of European otters (Lutra lutra) living in Bory Tucholskie National Park. The park is located in northern Poland, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. From June to October 2019, 300 fecal samples were collected on the banks of 10 lakes and the Struga river within the national park. The samples were kept at 4°C for a maximum of 3 weeks until examination. Standard flotation (in sodium chloride aqueous solution) and sedimentation methods were used. The total percentage of positive samples containing parasites of the alimentary tract amounted to 15.3% (46 samples). Oocysts Cystoisospora gottschalki were found in 6.7% of samples, trematode eggs (Opisthorchis sp., Metorchis sp. and/or Pseudamphistomum truncatum, Alaria alata and/or Isthmiophora melis) in 4.3%, cestode eggs of the family Diphyllobothridae in 2.0%, and eggs of nematodes (Strongyloides lutrae, Aonchotheca putori, Uncinaria sp.) in 3.7% of samples. Two species, C. gottschalki and S. lutrae, were found in Poland for the first time. The large variety of parasite species is evidence of well-preserved local ecosystems.

scholarly journals Intestinal helminths of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the Augustów Primeval Forest (north-eastern Poland)

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Karamon ◽  
Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg ◽  
Bożena Moskwa ◽  
Mirosław Różycki ◽  
Ewa Bilska-Zając ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

AbstractIntroduction:The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminths in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in the Augustów Primeval Forest (north-eastern Poland), with particular regard to zoonotic parasites.Material and Methods:Intestines from 53 raccoon dogs and 66 red foxes were examined with the use of sedimentation and counting technique (SCT). Samples of faeces from 51 red foxes and 50 raccoon dogs were examined with the use of flotation method.Results:Parasitic helminths were found by SCT in 98.5% of red foxes and 96.2% of raccoon dogs. Both species were infected with:Alaria alata(93.9% and 94.3%, respectively), hookworms (68.2% and 83.0%),Apophallusspp. (7.6% and 15.1%),Mesocestoidesspp. (57.6% and 24.5%),Taeniaspp. (40.9% and 1.9%), andToxocara/Toxascarisnematodes (33.3% 15.1%).Echinococcus multiloculariswas detected only in red foxes (6.1%), but trematodes Echinostomatidae and nematodesMolineusspp. only in raccoon dogs (18.9% and 41.5%, respectively). Additionally,Capillariaspp. eggs were detected by flotation method in 78.4% of foxes and 20.0% of raccoon dogs.Conclusion:The study showed a very high percentage of red foxes and raccoon dogs infected with intestinal helminths in the Augustów Primeval Forest. Moreover, dangerous zoonotic parasites also were found, which should be taken into consideration in the assessment of infection risk for humans in this region.

Infections with cardiopulmonary and intestinal helminths and sarcoptic mange in red foxes from two different localities in Denmark

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al-Sabi ◽  
Tariq Halasa ◽  
Christian Kapel
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Red Foxes

AbstractMonitoring parasitic infections in the red fox is essential for obtaining baseline knowledge on the spread of diseases of veterinary and medical importance. In this study, screening for cardiopulmonary and intestinal helminths and sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) was done on 118 foxes originating from two distinct localities in Denmark, (Copenhagen) greater area and southern Jutland. Fifteen parasite species were recorded in 116 foxes (98.3%), nine parasitic species are of zoonotic potential. Parasite diversity was greater in foxes of Copenhagen in terms of overall parasite species richness and species richness of all helminth groups individually: trematodes; cestodes; and nematodes. Six parasite species were recovered from foxes of Copenhagen, but not from foxes of Southern Jutland: Echinochasmus perfoliatus; Echinostoma sp.; Pseudamphistomum truncatum; Dipylidium caninum; Angiostrongylus vasorum; and Sarcoptes scabiei, but Toxascaris leonina was only recorded in foxes of southern Jutland. A high prevalence and abundance of A. vasorum in foxes of Copenhagen was observed. The prevalence of four nematode species; Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophilus, Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis, and Crenosoma vulpis, in foxes of both localities were comparable and ranging from 22.9% to 89%. The prevalence of Mesocestoides sp. was significantly higher in foxes of Copenhagen. Taenia spp. were detected using morphological and molecular analysis, which revealed the dominance of T. polyacantha in foxes of both localities. Infections with sarcoptic mange were evident only among foxes of Copenhagen (44.9%), which significantly affected the average weight of the infected animals. Further remarks on the zoonotic and veterinary implications of the parasites recovered are given.

Acute mesenteric ischemia with necrosis of entire small intestine

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-177
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Entire Small Intestine ◽  
Common Etiology

The case study describes a case of a patient with acute mesenteric ischemia with necrosis of entire small intestine. In following text there is an overview of the incidence of acute mesenteric ischemia, its most common etiology, diagnostic methods and treatment of this severe disease.

Influence of small intestine wall changes after electrically welded anastomoses of different types for the anastomotic tensile strength

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
S. S. Podpriatov ◽  
S. E. Podpryatov ◽  
S. G. Gichka ◽  
V. G. Getman ◽  
A. V. Makarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Different Types

Potential remedy against Echinococcus multilocularis in wild red foxes using baits with anthelmintic distributed around fox breeding dens in Hokkaido, Japan

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. TSUKADA ◽  
K. HAMAZAKI ◽  
S. GANZORIG ◽  
T. IWAKI ◽  
K. KONNO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Clethrionomys Rufocanus ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Potential Remedy ◽  
Patent Infection

The effect of bait-delivered anthelmintic to reduce the prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in wild red foxes was evaluated in Koshimizu, in the eastern part of Hokkaido, Japan. The study area (200 km2) was divided into baited and non-baited sections. The anthelmintic baits were distributed around fox den sites in the baited section every month for 13 months. After 1 year of the anthelmintic bait distribution, the prevalence of E. multilocularis in foxes, evaluated either by the parasite egg examination (from 27.1 to 5.6%) or coproantigen ELISA (from 59.6 to 29.7%), decreased in the baited section contrasting to that in the non-baited section (parasite egg: from 18.8 to 24.2%; ELISA: from 41.9 to 45.8%). The prevalence of E. multilocularis in grey red-backed vole Clethrionomys rufocanus, caught around fox dens, born after bait distribution also decreased and was significantly lower than that in non-baited section. However, within the study periods, the coproantigen-positive rate in fox faeces sporadically increased, while egg-positive rate constantly decreased. Since coproantigen ELISA can detect pre-patent infection, this observation indicates that reinfection pressure in the baited section was still high even after the 13 months of anthelmintic bait distribution. Therefore, the bait distribution longer than our study period is required for the efficient control of E. multilocularis in wild red fox population.

Variation in fur farm and wild populations of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes (Carnivora: Canidae) — Part I: Morphometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zatoń-Dobrowolska ◽  
Magdalena Moska ◽  
Anna Mucha ◽  
Heliodor Wierzbicki ◽  
Piotr Przysiecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

This paper demonstrates the influence of artificial selection on morphometric traits in the red fox [Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)]. Measurements and two proportion coefficients were analysed in 132 wild and 199 farm red foxes. The two groups differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) on all but one of the measurements. Eight out of 11 measurements were significantly greater in the farm fox population, while only tail length, ear height, and length of the right hind limb were greater in the population of wild foxes. The opposite trend was observed when analysing variation in the measurements — the farm foxes were characterized by a greater variability only in the case of body weight, body length, and breadth of chest. When analysing the sexual dimorphism index in different sex and population groups, in almost all analysed traits, the greatest differences occurred between farm males and wild females. All of the traits examined in this study are important for survival of wild foxes. However, because importance of some traits was reduced during domestication and selective breeding (farm foxes do not have to fight for survival), the genetic relationship between them may have weakened. Other possible causes of morphological differences between the studied groups of red foxes are discussed as well.

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