scholarly journals Wide Range of the Prevalence and Viral Loads of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 (PCV3) in Different Clinical Materials from 21 Polish Pig Farms

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Woźniak ◽  
Dagmara Miłek ◽  
Tomasz Stadejek
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Genome Equivalent ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Precise Quantification ◽  
Type 3

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) was described in different clinical cases and healthy pigs. However, little is known about its circulation in pig farms. In order to assess PCV3 prevalence in 21 Polish farms, serum, feces, and oral fluid samples were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. In total, 1451 pairs of serum and feces from the same animals, as well as 327 samples of oral fluids were analyzed. The results showed that PCV3 is more commonly detected in oral fluids (37.3% positives) than in serum (9.7% positives) or feces (15.0% positives) samples. The viral loads detected in these materials ranged from 102.5–107.2 genome equivalent copies/mL. Although in most farms PCV3 was detected post weaning, in nine farms, the virus was also found in groups of suckling piglets, and in six of them viremia was detected. In four farms with reproductive failure, fetal materials were also obtained. PCV3 was detected in 36.0% of fetuses or stillborn piglets (9/25) with viral loads of 103.1–1010.4 genome equivalent copies/mL. In summary, the virus circulation may show different patterns, and congenital or early infection is not uncommon. Precise quantification of PCV3 loads in clinical materials seems to be necessary for the study and diagnosis of the infection.

scholarly journals Real-Time PCR Detection Patterns of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) in Polish Farms with Different Statuses of Vaccination against PCV2

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Woźniak ◽  
Dagmara Miłek ◽  
Piotr Matyba ◽  
Tomasz Stadejek
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Significant Difference

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a globally spread pathogen controlled with generally highly efficacious vaccination protocols. In order to compare PCV2 detection profiles in farms with different vaccination statuses, serum (359) and fecal pools (351) and oral fluids (209) from four farms that do not vaccinate against PCV2 (NON-VAC) and from 22 farms that do vaccinate (VAC) were tested with quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, nucleotide sequences of ORF2 of the virus were obtained from selected samples. Three genotypes, PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d, were detected. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in PCV2 prevalence and quantities between the VAC and NON-VAC farms were evident. In five VAC farms, no viremia or shedding in feces was detected. On the other hand, in four VAC farms, the results were very similar to those from NON-VAC farms. No significant difference in PCV2 prevalence in oral fluids was observed between VAC and NON-VAC farms. An examination of viremia can be recommended for the detection of vaccination efficacy issues. The median of the PCV2 viral loads >6.0 log10 copies/mL in pooled sera from the vaccinated population should be considered a very strong indication that the vaccination protocol needs revision.

scholarly journals Molecular detection and genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 3 in commercial pig farms in Xinjiang province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-488
Author(s):  
Qiao Mengfan ◽  
Wang Xifeng ◽  
Zhang Guowu ◽  
Meng Qingling ◽  
Qiao Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
And Control

AbstractIntroductionPorcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a newly discovered porcine circovirus. The molecular characteristics and genetic evolution of PCV3 in Xinjiang province, China still being unclear, the aim of the study was their elucidation.Material and MethodsA total of 393 clinical samples were collected from pigs on commercial farms in nine different regions of Xinjiang and phylogenetic analysis based on full-length Cap genes was performed.ResultsThe prevalence at farm level was 100%, while in all the tested samples it was 22.39%. Nine PCV3 strains were detected in Xinjiang province and they shared 98.9–99.3% nucleotide and 97.5–100.0% Cap gene amino acid sequence identities with other epidemic strains from China and abroad. Compared with other epidemic strains of PCV3, there were 26 base mutation sites in the Cap gene in the nine Xinjiang strains, resulting in the mutation of amino acids at positions 20, 24, 75, 77, 108, 111 and 206. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains can be divided into two different genetic groups, to the first of which five strains affiliated and divided between subgroups 1.1 and 1.2, and to the second of which the other four strains affiliated and similarly divided between subgroups 2.1 and 2.2.ConclusionPCV3 circulates widely among commercial pig farms in Xinjiang province, China, and displays obvious genetic diversity. The results provide epidemiological information useful for the prevention and control of PCV3 infection in the pig industry.

scholarly journals Field infection of a gilt and its litter demonstrates vertical transmission and effect on reproductive failure caused by porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana S. Vargas-Bermúdez ◽  
Mayra A. Vargas-Pinto ◽  
José Darío Mogollón ◽  
Jairo Jaime
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Type 3

Abstract Background PCV3 is a member of the Circovirus family, associated with disease and mortality in pigs. It is not clear whether PCV3 putatively causes clinical symptoms and disease. In the present case, we reported a gilt infected with PCV3 associated with reproductive failures, vertical transmission, tissue lesions, viral replication by in situ hybridization, and the hypothesis that some strains of PCV3 clade one are associated with reproductive failures at the field level. Case presentation In May 2019, a pig farm in Colombia reported increased reproductive failures, and the presence of PCV3 in gilts and sows was established in a single form or coinfections, mainly with PCV2 and PPV7. Ten sows with a single infection with PCV3 were found, and one gilt with a pre-farrowing serum viral load above 103 was studied. This gilt was followed up during the pre-farrowing, farrowing period and on her litter for 6 weeks. During dystocic farrowing, a mummy and ten piglets were released, including two weak-born piglets. The highest viral loads for PCV3 were found in the mummy and the placenta. In the weak-born piglets, there were viral loads both in serum and in tissues, mainly in the mesenteric ganglia and lung. Replication of PCV3 in these tissues was demonstrated by in situ hybridizations. PCV3 was also found in the precolostrum sera of piglets and colostrum, showing vertical transmission. The viral load in piglets decreased gradually until week six of life. The viral genome’s complete sequencing was made from the mummy, and its analysis classified it as PCV3 clade one. Conclusions This report confirms that PCV3 can cause disease at the field level, and putatively, in this case, we find the generation of reproductive failures. The ability of PCV3 to cause disease as a putative pathogen may be associated with the viral load present in the pig and the strain that is affecting the farm. For this case, we found that viral loads above 103 (4.93 log genomic copies / mL) in the gilt were associated with clinical manifestation and that some PCV3 strains belonging to clade one are more associated with the reproductive presentation.

The prevalence of novel porcine circovirus type 3 isolates in pig farms in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2143-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingyi Liu ◽  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Xiaohui Song ◽  
Bo Hou ◽  
Xiaoxue Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Type 3

First detection of porcine circovirus type 3 on commercial pig farms in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1350-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Stadejek ◽  
A. Woźniak ◽  
D. Miłek ◽  
K. Biernacka
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Type 3

Production of a monoclonal antibody against Porcine circovirus type 3 cap protein

2018 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Li ◽  
Yilin Bai ◽  
Haiyang Zhang ◽  
Dingding Zheng ◽  
Tongyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Type 3

Retrospective survey and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 3 in Jiangsu province, China, 2008 to 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 163 (9) ◽  
pp. 2531-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Zhao ◽  
Xiaobo Wang ◽  
Qingqing Gao ◽  
Changchao Huan ◽  
Wanbin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Type 3

Genetic diversity and prevalence of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) and type 2 (PCV2) in the Midwest of the USA during 2016–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 1284-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Wang ◽  
Lance Noll ◽  
Nanyan Lu ◽  
Elizabeth Porter ◽  
Colin Stoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Type 3
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