scholarly journals In Vitro Anti-NTHi Activity of Haemophilin-Producing Strains of Haemophilus haemolyticus

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Brianna Atto ◽  
Roger Latham ◽  
Dale Kunde ◽  
David A Gell ◽  
Stephen Tristram
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Heme Binding Protein ◽  
Essential Growth ◽  
Essential Growth Factor

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a leading causative organism of opportunistic respiratory tract infections. However, there are currently no effective vaccination strategies, and existing treatments are compromised by antibiotic resistance. We previously characterized Haemophilus haemolyticus (Hh) strains capable of producing haemophilin (HPL), a heme-binding protein that restricts NTHi growth by limiting its access to an essential growth factor, heme. Thus, these strains may have utility as a probiotic therapy against NTHi infection by limiting colonization, migration and subsequent infection in susceptible individuals. Here, we assess the preliminary feasibility of this approach by direct in vitro competition assays between NTHi and Hh strains with varying capacity to produce HPL. Subsequent changes in NTHi growth rate and fitness, in conjunction with HPL expression analysis, were employed to assess the NTHi-inhibitory capacity of Hh strains. HPL-producing strains of Hh not only outcompeted NTHi during short-term and extended co-culture, but also demonstrated a growth advantage compared with Hh strains unable to produce the protein. Additionally, HPL expression levels during competition correlated with the NTHi-inhibitory phenotype. HPL-producing strains of Hh demonstrate significant probiotic potential against NTHi colonization in the upper respiratory tract, however, further investigations are warranted to demonstrate a range of other characteristics that would support the eventual development of a probiotic.

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF MOTHERS REGARDING PREVENTION OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN A SELECTED COMMUNITY AREA AT BANGALORE.

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Blossom Maria Manuel
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The Future ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Community Area ◽  
Future Citizen ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru

“Children are the Wealth of Tomorrow - Take them, if you wish to have a strong INDIA, ever ready to meet various challenges” - Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru The child is the future citizen of the nation. World's greatest resource for a healthy future lies in the children of today. Today's children are tomorrow's citizens and leaders. The resources spent on the care and health of the young ones form an investment for the future. Respiratory tract infection is a frequent cause of acute illness and infection in children. Many paediatric infections are seasonal. The child's response to the infection will vary based on the age of the child, causative organism, general health of the child, existence of chronic medical conditions, and degree of contact with other children

scholarly journals Oral Bacteria as Potential Probiotics for the Pharyngeal Mucosa

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 3948-3958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Guglielmetti ◽  
Valentina Taverniti ◽  
Mario Minuzzo ◽  
Stefania Arioli ◽  
Milda Stuknyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pharyngeal Mucosa ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The research described here was aimed at the selection of oral bacteria that displayed properties compatible with their potential use as probiotics for the pharyngeal mucosa. We included in the study 56 bacteria newly isolated from the pharynges of healthy donors, which were identified at the intraspecies level and characterized in vitro for their probiotic potential. The experiments led us to select two potential probiotic bacterial strains (Streptococcus salivarius RS1 and ST3) and to compare them with the prototype oral probiotic S. salivarius strain K12. All three strains efficiently bound to FaDu human epithelial pharyngeal cells and thereby antagonized Streptococcus pyogenes adhesion and growth. All were sensitive to a variety of antibiotics routinely used for the control of upper respiratory tract infections. Immunological in vitro testing on a FaDu layer revealed different responses to RS1, ST3, and K12. RS1 and ST3 modulated NF-κB activation and biased proinflammatory cytokines at baseline and after interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induction. In conclusion, we suggest that the selected commensal streptococci represent potential pharyngeal probiotic candidates. They could display a good degree of adaptation to the host and possess potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.

Loracarbef: A New Orally Administered Carbacephem Antibiotic

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex W. Force ◽  
Milap C. Nahata
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Tract Infections

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the in vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and relative merits of loracarbef, a new orally administered carbacephem antibiotic. DATA SOURCES: Pertinent literature was identified by a review of selected journals and a MEDLINE search. Additional information was provided by the manufacturer of loracarbef. STUDY SELECTION: All studies that have evaluated the clinical efficacy of loracarbef were included. In vitro studies were included if they used similar methodologies. Additional information was incorporated regarding the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects of loracarbef. DATA SYNTHESIS: Loracarbef has antibacterial activity against most community-acquired respiratory tract, skin and skin structure, and urinary tract pathogens. The drug is well absorbed after oral administration and plasma concentrations achieved in patients are greater than the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations for most of the above bacteria. Although the majority of the clinical studies with loracarbef have methodologic deficiencies, loracarbef therapy has demonstrated similar efficacy in the treatment of upper respiratory tract (except otitis media), lower respiratory tract, skin and skin-structure, and urinary tract infections compared with accepted antibiotics. Potential advantages of the new carbacephem may be improved patient compliance with its less frequent dosing schedule (once or twice a day, depending on the infection), and a low incidence of adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary data indicate that loracarbef may be an alternative agent for the treatment of a variety of community-acquired infections. Additional clinical experience and rigorously controlled comparative clinical trials are necessary to enable practitioners to fully define the therapeutic role of loracarbef.

scholarly journals The HMW1 and HMW2 Adhesins Enhance the Ability of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae To Colonize the Upper Respiratory Tract of Rhesus Macaques

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 2771-2778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Rempe ◽  
Eric A. Porsch ◽  
Jolaine M. Wilson ◽  
Joseph W. St. Geme
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Parent Strain ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Upper Respiratory

NontypeableHaemophilus influenzae(NTHi) initiates infection by colonizing the upper respiratory tract and is a common cause of localized respiratory tract disease. Previous work has established that the NTHi HMW1 and HMW2 proteins are potent adhesins that mediate efficientin vitroadherence to cultured human respiratory epithelial cells. In this study, we used a rhesus macaque model to assess the contributions of HMW1 and HMW2 toin vivocolonization. In experiments involving inoculation of individual isogenic derivatives of NTHi strain 12, the parent strain expressing both HMW1 and HMW2 and the mutant strains expressing either HMW1 or HMW2 were able to colonize more frequently than the double mutant strain lacking HMW1 and HMW2. In competition experiments, the parent strain efficiently outcompeted the double mutant lacking HMW1 and HMW2. Colonization with strains expressing HMW2 resulted in development of antibody against HMW2 in a number of the animals, demonstrating that colonization can stimulate an antibody response. In conclusion, we have established that the HMW1 and HMW2 adhesins play a major role in facilitating colonization of the upper respiratory tract of rhesus macaques, in some cases associated with stimulation of an immune response.

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