scholarly journals ZnO Nanoflower-Based NanoPCR as an Efficient Diagnostic Tool for Quick Diagnosis of Canine Vector-Borne Pathogens

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Upadhyay ◽  
Huan Yang ◽  
Bilal Zaman ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yundi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Canine Diseases

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a unique technique in molecular biology and biotechnology for amplifying target DNA strands, and is also considered as a gold standard for the diagnosis of many canine diseases as well as many other infectious diseases. However, PCR still faces many challenges and issues related to its sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, and turnaround time. To address these issues, we described the use of unique ZnO nanoflowers in PCR reaction and an efficient ZnO nanoflower-based PCR (nanoPCR) for the molecular diagnosis of canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs). A total of 1 mM of an aqueous solution of ZnO nanoflowers incorporated in PCR showed a significant enhancement of the PCR assay with respect to its sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of two important CVBDs, Babesia canis vogeli and Hepatozoon canis. Interestingly, it drastically reduced the turnaround time of the PCR assay without compromising the yield of the amplified DNA, which can be of benefit for veterinary practitioners for the improved management of diseases. This can be attributed to the favorable adsorption of ZnO nanoflowers to the DNA and thermal conductivity of ZnO nanoflowers. The unique ZnO nanoflower-assisted nanoPCR greatly improved the yield, purity, and quality of the amplified products, but the mechanism behind these properties and the effects and changes due to the different concentrations of ZnO nanoflowers in the PCR system needs to be further studied.

scholarly journals Molecular survey of vector-borne diseases in two groups of domestic dogs from Lisbon, Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Mafalda Dordio ◽  
Relja Beck ◽  
Telmo Nunes ◽  
Isabel Pereira da Fonseca ◽  
Jacinto Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Background Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are caused by a wide range of pathogens transmitted by arthropods. They have been an issue of growing importance in recent years; however, there is limited information about the vector-borne pathogens circulating in Portugal. The aim of the present study was to detect canine vector-borne bacteria and protozoa of veterinary and zoonotic importance using molecular methods. Methods One hundred and forty-two dogs from Lisbon, southern Portugal, were tested: 48 dogs from a veterinary hospital clinically suspected of vector-borne diseases and 94 apparently healthy dogs from shelters. Anaplasma spp./Ehrlichia spp., Babesia/Theileria spp., Hepatozoon spp., and Mycoplasma spp. infections were detected by PCR from blood samples and examined under light microscopy. Other information including clinical status and diagnostic test results were collected for each animal. Results Infections were detected by PCR in 48 (33.80%) dogs. Single infections were found in 35 dogs (24.64%), and co-infections were found in 13 (9.15%) dogs. Twenty-nine (20.42%) dogs were positive for Hepatozoon spp., 15 (10.56%) for Mycoplasma spp., 11 (7.75%) for Anaplasma spp./Ehrlichia spp., and six (4.21%) for Babesia spp. DNA sequencing was used to identify Babesia vogeli (2.81%), Babesia canis (1.40%), Hepatozoon canis (20.42%), Mycoplasma haematoparvum (2.11%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (8.45%), Anaplasma platys (7.04%), and Ehrlichia canis (0.70%). Conclusions This is the first molecular identification of B. canis and M. haematoparvum in dogs from southern Portugal. This study highlights the importance of molecular methods to identify CVBD pathogens in endemic areas and helps to guide the clinical approach of veterinarians in practice.

Critical analysis of vector-borne infections in dogs: Babesia vogeli, Babesia gibsoni, Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis in Punjab, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lachhman Das Singla ◽  
Deepak Sumbria ◽  
Ajay Mandhotra ◽  
M.S. Bal ◽  
Paramjit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Babesia Gibsoni ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Babesia Vogeli ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Blood Smear Examination ◽  
Vector Borne

AbstractThere are few published studies on various vector borne diseases of dogs in India and most depict clinical infection in dogs, diagnosed by observation of the haemopathogens in stained blood smears. This study provides the first report regarding molecular confirmation and ancestral relationship analysis of blood smears positive cases of assorted haemopathogens in Punjab province of India. On blood smear examination, haemopathogens were observed in 124 out of 778 (15.95%, 95% CI: 13.53– 18.68) blood smears. Further polymerase chain reactions (PCR) was used on bloods smear positive cases to validate the results. Out of 778 blood samples,

scholarly journals Vector-borne pathogens in dogs of different regions of Iran and Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Iatta ◽  
Alireza Sazmand ◽  
Viet-Linh Nguyen ◽  
Farzad Nemati ◽  
Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Babesia Vogeli ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Pathogen Dna

AbstractCanine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are highly prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries, mainly due to favorable climate conditions and reduced adoption of preventive measures. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on the prevalence of CVBDs in Iran and Pakistan where limited data are available. Blood samples were collected from 403 dogs from six provinces in Iran and Pakistan to assess the presence of pathogen DNA (i.e., Anaplasma spp., Coxiella burnetii, Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., Hepatozoon spp., filarioids, and Leishmania spp.). Sera were also screened by an immunofluorescence antibody test for the detection of antibodies against Leishmania infantum. In total, 46.9% of dogs scored positive to Hepatozoon canis being the most frequently detected (41.4%), followed by Anaplasma platys (6.4%), Ehrlichia canis (3.4%), Rickettsia spp. (2.2%), Babesia vogeli (1.0%), and L. infantum (0.3%). A seroprevalence of 9.6% to anti-L. infantum IgG was also recorded. Data reported herein demonstrate that dogs from Iran and Pakistan are at a high risk of CVBDs, particularly of canine hepatozoonosis. Effective control strategies are advocated for minimizing the risk of infection in animals and humans, also in consideration of the zoonotic potential of some pathogens detected.

scholarly journals Vector-borne diseases of small companion animals in Namibia: Literature review, knowledge gaps and opportunity for a One Health approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce H. Noden ◽  
Minty Soni
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
One Health ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Namibia has a rich history in veterinary health but little is known about the vector-borne diseases that affect companion dogs and cats. The aim of this review is to summarise the existing published and available unpublished literature, put it into a wider geographical context, and explore some significant knowledge gaps. To date, only two filarial pathogens (Dirofilaria repens and Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides) and three tick-borne pathogens (Babesia canis vogeli, Hepatozoon canis and Ehrlichia canis) have been reported. Most studies have focused solely on dogs and cats in the urban Windhoek and surrounding areas, with almost nothing reported in rural farming areas, in either the populous northern regions or the low-income urban areas where animal owners have limited access to veterinary services. With the development of several biomedical training programmes in the country, there is now an excellent opportunity to address zoonotic vector-borne diseases through a One Health approach so as to assess the risks to small companion animals as well as diseases of public health importance.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Babesia canis vogeli and Hepatozoon canis in dogs in the department of Magdalena (Colombia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Richard Thomas ◽  
Adriana Santodomingo ◽  
Lyda Castro
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Canine Population ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The canine population in the cities of Ciénaga and Santa Marta has been estimated at 54,953 based on individual dogs with owners. Due to the role that dogs play in society, either as pets or as transmitters of zoonoses to humans, we conducted a study with 169 blood samples from dogs that visited two veterinary clinics in these locations between March and September of 2017. The objective of the study was to detect species of Babesia and Hepatozoon canis by amplifying the 18S gene using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCRc). The presence of Babesia sp. and Hepatozoon canis was detected in 15 (8.87%) and 12 (7.10%) DNA samples, respectively. In addition, 7 (4.14%) cases of coinfection were recorded. The Babesia sp. sequences obtained corresponded to the B. canis vogeli subspecies. This both pathogens in the Colombian Caribbean region and cases of coinfection in Colombian dogs. Therefore, the national veterinary community is encouraged to consider the information presented here in their differential diagnoses associated with companion vector-borne diseases (CVBDs). This information will allow veterinary professionalsto create control and prevention strategies to prevent the spread of these infections.

scholarly journals Canine Vector-Borne Diseases of Working Dogs of the Sri Lanka Air Force, Free-Roaming, and Privately-Owned Dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupika Subashini Rajakaruna ◽  
PS Jayathilake ◽  
HSU Wijerathna ◽  
ADS Fernando ◽  
KMH Ginarathne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Working Dogs ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Military ◽  
Privately Owned

Abstract Background Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are a significant health problem among dogs globally. The veterinary records show that the military working dogs of Sri Lanka die early at an average age of six years and CVBDs have been listed as one of the speculated causes. This study examined CVBDs in the working dogs of the Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF) together with free-roaming and privately-owned dogs living close to the SLAF establishments and country-wide. Methods Blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein for a three year period, from July 2016 to July 2019. Giemsa stained thin blood smears were observed under light microscopy. Results A total of 668 dogs were sampled, of which 169 were infected (25.3%) with hemoparasites. The prevalence of infections among the SLAF working dogs (22.5%), free-roaming (26.3%), or privately-owned (26.2%) dogs did not differ significantly (Chi-square test, p > 0.05). A large number of infected dogs were asymptomatic (57.4%), which was significantly higher in free-roaming dogs (96.3%) compared to the SLAF (41.1%) and privately-owned dogs (38.2%; p < 0.0001) but not between SLAF dogs and privately-owned dogs (χ2 = 0.005, p > 0.938). Seven hemoparasites were identified: Babesia gibsoni, B. canis, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Leishmania sp., Hepatozoon canis, and microfilariae. The most common infection was B. gibsoni (13.8%) followed by E. canis (9.9%) and A. platys (4.3%). There was no difference in the prevalence of B. gibsoni in the three categories of dogs (χ2 = 2.61, p = 0.10). Leishmania and H. canis were always presented as single infections, while microfilaria as mixed infections. Conclusions Even though the SLAF dogs are thoroughly quarantined before introducing them to the military units, the infection prevalence was similar compared to other dog categories. They have likely acquired the infections through ticks and other arthropod vectors. This is the first comprehensive and comparative island-wide study of dog CVBDs of Sri Lanka, especially the military dogs at the SLAF. It highlights that most infected dogs, especially the free-roaming ones, did not show clinical signs. Although it is speculated that they may act as reservoirs of infection, asymptomatic dogs' ability to spread these CVBDS should be investigated.

Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis, Hepatozoon canis, Babesia spp., Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in dogs on Costa Rica

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanjing Wei ◽  
Patrick Kelly ◽  
Kate Ackerson ◽  
Heba S. El-Mahallawy ◽  
Bernhard Kaltenboeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Anaplasma Platys ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Babesia Spp

AbstractAlthough vector-borne diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality in dogs in tropical areas, there is little information on these conditions in Costa Rica. In PCRs of blood from dogs in Costa Rica, we did not detect DNAs of Rickettsia (R.) felis and Coxiella (C.) burnetii but we did find evidence of infection with Dirofilaria (D.) immitis (9/40, 22.5%), Hepatozoon (H.) canis (15/40, 37.5%), Babesia spp. (10/40, 25%; 2 with B. gibsoni and 8 with B. vogeli), Anaplasma (A.) platys (3/40, 7.5%) and Ehrlichia (E.) canis (20/40, 50%). Nine dogs (22.5%) were free of any vector-borne pathogens while 14 (35%) were infected with a single pathogen, 11 (27.5%) with two, 4 (10%) with three, 1 (2.5%) with four, and 1 (2.5%) with five pathogens. Dogs in Costa Rica are commonly infected with vector-borne agents

scholarly journals Penilaian Perumahan Berdasarkan Kriteria Rumah Sehat Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision Making

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hadi Saputra ◽  
Azrai Sirait
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract - A healthy home is very important for human life. The advantage can avoid various environmental-based diseases such as ARI, which affects many infants, tuberculus, diarrhea and avoid vector-borne diseases such as dengue fever, malaria, PES and Filariasis. In addition to avoiding a variety of healthy home ailments can affect healthy behavior in humans that affect the quality of human resources. Therefore it is necessary to hold regular assessments to assess housing based on the criteria of a healthy home so that all desires are expected to be achieved properly. The use of the method in this housing case is Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making (FMCDM), which this method will provide a decision for the problem at hand. This method helps make decisions in situations where there are many alternative criteria. Keywords - Decision Support Systems, Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making, Healthy Houses

The Spread of Mosquito Borne Disease – Is Climate Change Beginning to Bite?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 192-194
Author(s):  
John (Luke) Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

The author considers the threat to vector-borne diseases in the light of climate change.

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