scholarly journals Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis: Human Exposure through Environmental and Domestic Aerosols

Pathogens ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Rhodes ◽  
Hollian Richardson ◽  
John Hermon-Taylor ◽  
Andrew Weightman ◽  
Andrew Higham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis

scholarly journals Presence of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Monitored Over Varying Temporal and Spatial Scales in River Catchments: Persistent Routes for Human Exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hollian Richardson ◽  
Glenn Rhodes ◽  
Peter Henrys ◽  
Luigi Sedda ◽  
Andrew J. Weightman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Infected Animal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Adequate Representation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
First Time ◽  
River Catchments

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) was monitored by quantitative PCR over a range of temporal and spatial scales in the River Tywi catchment. This study shows the persistence of Map over a 10-year period with little change, which correlates with the recognised levels of Johne’s disease in British herds over that period (aim 1). Map was quantified within the river at up to 108 cell equivalents L−1 and was shown to be consistently present when monitored over finer timescales (aim 4). Small wastewater treatment plants where the ingress of human-associated Map might be expected had no significant effect (aim 2). Map was found for the first time to be located in natural river foams providing another route for spread via aerosols (aim 5). This study provides evidence for the environmental continuum of Map from the grazing infected animal via rain driven runoff through field drains and streams into main rivers; with detection at a high frequency throughout the year. Should Map need to be monitored in the future, we recommend that weekly or monthly sampling from a fixed location on a river will capture an adequate representation of the flow dynamics of Map in a catchment (aim 3). The human exposure to Map during this process and its impact on human health remains unquantified.

scholarly journals Detection of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis in Pooled Fecal Samples by Fecal Culture and Real-Time PCR in Relation to Bacterial Density

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1605
Author(s):  
Annika Wichert ◽  
Esra Einax ◽  
Natalie Hahn ◽  
Anne Klassen ◽  
Karsten Donat
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Detection Probability ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Bacterial Density ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr

Within paratuberculosis control programs Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-infected herds have to be detected with minimum effort but with sufficient reliability. We aimed to evaluate a combination of random sampling (RS) and pooling for the detection of MAP-infected herds, simulating repeated RS in imitated dairy herds (within-herd prevalence 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.3%). Each RS consisted of taking 80 out of 300 pretested fecal samples, and five or ten samples were repeatedly and randomly pooled. All pools containing at least one MAP-positive sample were analyzed by culture and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The pool detection probability was 47.0% or 45.9% for pools of size 5 or 10 applying qPCR and slightly lower using culture. Combining these methods increased the pool detection probability. A positive association between bacterial density in pools and pool detection probability was identified by logistic regression. The herd-level detection probability ranged from 67.3% to 84.8% for pools of size 10 analyzed by both qPCR and culture. Pools of size 10 can be used without significant loss of sensitivity compared with pools of size 5. Analyzing randomly sampled and pooled fecal samples allows the detection of MAP-infected herds, but is not recommended for one-time testing in low prevalence herds.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in oral biopsies of Crohn’s disease patients

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Molicotti ◽  
Antonio M Scanu ◽  
Aurea Lumbau ◽  
Sara Cannas ◽  
Alessandra Bua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis
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