scholarly journals MAP1203 Promotes Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Binding and Invasion to Bovine Epithelial Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Everman ◽  
Lia Danelishvili ◽  
Lucero G. Flores ◽  
Luiz E. Bermudez
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis

scholarly journals Macrophage Proteome Analysis at Different Stages of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Infection Reveals a Mechanism of Pathogen Dissemination

Proteomes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Ida L. Phillips ◽  
Lia Danelishvili ◽  
Luiz E. Bermudez
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Macrophage Infection

Johne’s disease is a chronic and usually fatal enteric infection of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and is responsible for hundreds of millions of dollars in losses for the agricultural industry. Natural infection typically begins with bacterial uptake and translocation through the epithelium of the small intestine, followed by ingestion by tissue macrophages and dissemination via the lymphatic or blood system throughout the body. To gain insights into the host responses and adaptation of MAP within phagocytic cells, we utilized the previously developed cell culture passage model, and mass spectrometric-based quantitative proteomic approach. Using the cell culture system, which mimics an in vivo interaction of MAP with intestinal epithelium and tissue macrophages, bacteria were passed through the bovine epithelial cells and, subsequently, used for macrophage infection (termed indirect infection), while uninfected cells and macrophage infection initiated with the culture grown bacteria (termed direct infection) served as controls. Approximately 3900 proteins were identified across all studied groups. The comparison within the subset of proteins that showed synthesis for more than two-fold in the direct infection over the uninfected control revealed an enrichment for the pro-inflammatory pathways such as the NF-κB and cytokine/chemokine signaling, positive regulation of defense response, cell activation involved in the immune response and adaptive immune system. While these responses were absent in the indirect infection, cellular pathways such as cell cycle, healing, regulation of cell adhesion, ensemble of core extracellular matrix proteins, cell surface integrins and proteins mediating the integrin signaling were remarkably high within the indirect infection. In addition to global analysis of the macrophage proteome, we further validated the proteomics data and confirmed that MAP passage through epithelial cells modulates the expression and signaling of integrins in phagocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that predominant expression of integrins in the indirectly infected macrophages allows phagocytic cells to initiate stronger binding and efficient translocation through the endothelial cells, suggesting the important role of integrins in the spread of MAP infection.

scholarly journals Detection of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis in Pooled Fecal Samples by Fecal Culture and Real-Time PCR in Relation to Bacterial Density

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1605
Author(s):  
Annika Wichert ◽  
Esra Einax ◽  
Natalie Hahn ◽  
Anne Klassen ◽  
Karsten Donat
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Detection Probability ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Bacterial Density ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr

Within paratuberculosis control programs Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-infected herds have to be detected with minimum effort but with sufficient reliability. We aimed to evaluate a combination of random sampling (RS) and pooling for the detection of MAP-infected herds, simulating repeated RS in imitated dairy herds (within-herd prevalence 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.3%). Each RS consisted of taking 80 out of 300 pretested fecal samples, and five or ten samples were repeatedly and randomly pooled. All pools containing at least one MAP-positive sample were analyzed by culture and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The pool detection probability was 47.0% or 45.9% for pools of size 5 or 10 applying qPCR and slightly lower using culture. Combining these methods increased the pool detection probability. A positive association between bacterial density in pools and pool detection probability was identified by logistic regression. The herd-level detection probability ranged from 67.3% to 84.8% for pools of size 10 analyzed by both qPCR and culture. Pools of size 10 can be used without significant loss of sensitivity compared with pools of size 5. Analyzing randomly sampled and pooled fecal samples allows the detection of MAP-infected herds, but is not recommended for one-time testing in low prevalence herds.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in oral biopsies of Crohn’s disease patients

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Molicotti ◽  
Antonio M Scanu ◽  
Aurea Lumbau ◽  
Sara Cannas ◽  
Alessandra Bua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis
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