scholarly journals Sequence Variability of pXO1-Located Pathogenicity Genes of Bacillus anthracis Natural Strains of Different Geographic Origin

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1556
Author(s):  
Yulia Goncharova ◽  
Irina Bahtejeva ◽  
Galina Titareva ◽  
Tatiana Kravchenko ◽  
Anastasia Lev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Factor Expression ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Natural Strains ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages

The main pathogenic factor of Bacillus anthracis is a three-component toxin encoded by the pagA, lef, and cya genes, which are located on the pXO1 plasmid. The atxA gene, which encodes the primary regulator of pathogenicity factor expression, is located on the same plasmid. In this work, we evaluated the polymorphism of the pagA, lef, cya, and atxA genes for 85 B. anthracis strains from different evolutionary lineages and canSNP groups. We have found a strong correlation of 19 genotypes with the main evolutionary lineages, but the correlation with the canSNP group of the strain was not as strong. We have detected several genetic markers indicating the geographical origin of the strains, for example, their source from the steppe zone of the former USSR. We also found that strains of the B.Br.001/002 group caused an anthrax epidemic in Russia in 2016 and strains isolated during paleontological excavations in the Russian Arctic have the same genotype as the strains of the B.Br.CNEVA group circulating in Central Europe. This data could testify in favor of the genetic relationship of these two groups of strains and hypothesize the ways of distribution of their ancestral forms between Europe and the Arctic.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis of the honeybee Sacbrood virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Li ◽  
Zhi Jiang Zeng ◽  
Zi Long Wang
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Vp1 Gene ◽  
Sacbrood Virus ◽  
Genome Recombination ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Sacbrood virus (SBV) is one of the most common and harmful viruses to honeybees. It causes failure to pupate and death during larval stage, in adult bees it has an influence on their behavior and even shortens their life-span. In this study, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships among the SBV isolates from all around the world, with from both Apis cerana and Apis mellifera. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on three types of nucleotide sequences: complete genome sequence, VP1 gene and SB1-2 fragment of SBV. Moreover, genome recombination analysis was performed to assess the effect of genome recombination on the evolutionary relationship of some SBV isolates. The phylogenetic trees showed that although all the SBV isolates form two major groups, these two groups were not formed strictly according to their host specificity or geographical origin. These results indicate that both host specificity and geographic origin decide the genetic diversity of SBV strains.

Efficacy of a human anthrax vaccine in guinea pigs, rabbits, and rhesus macaques against challenge by Bacillus anthracis isolates of diverse geographical origin

Vaccine ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 3241-3247 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.F. Fellows ◽  
M.K. Linscott ◽  
B.E. Ivins ◽  
M.L.M. Pitt ◽  
C.A. Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Anthrax Vaccine

scholarly journals First Glimpse of Gut Microbiota of Quarantine Insects in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxue Yu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Na Lv ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Geographical Source ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Tracing Method ◽  
New Habitats

AbstractQuarantine insects are economically important pests that frequently invade new habitats. A rapid and accurate monitoring method to trace the geographical source of invaders is therefore needed for prevention, detection, and eradication. Current methods based on insect genetics are often too slow. We developed a novel tracing method based on insect gut microbiota. The source location of microbiota of insects can be used to rapidly determine the insects’ geographic origin. We analyzed 179 gut microbiota samples belonging to 591 individuals of 22 quarantine insect species collected from 36 regions in China and abroad. The gut microbiotas of these insects mainly included Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Tenericutes. The diversity of the insect gut microbiota was closely related to geographic and environmental factors. Different insect species could be distinguished at the phylum level of microbiota. Populations of individual insect species from different regions could be distinguished at the genus level of microbiota. A method for determining the geographical origin of invasive insect species was tentatively established, but its practical applicability requires further study.

scholarly journals The Segment Matters: Probable Reassortment of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) Complicates Phylogenetic Analysis and Inference of Geographical Origin of New Isolate from Bangladesh

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique L. Chaput ◽  
David Bass ◽  
Md. Mehedi Alam ◽  
Neaz Al Hasan ◽  
Grant D. Stentiford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
South American ◽  
Reassortment Event ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Whole Genomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Sense

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), a negative sense RNA virus with a 10 segment genome, is an emerging threat to tilapia aquaculture worldwide, with outbreaks causing over 90% mortality reported on several continents since 2014. Following a severe tilapia mortality event in July 2017, we confirmed the presence of TiLV in Bangladesh and obtained the near-complete genome of this isolate, BD-2017. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated 10 segment coding regions placed BD-2017 in a clade with the two isolates from Thailand, separate from the Israeli and South American isolates. However, phylogenetic analysis of individual segments gave conflicting results, sometimes clustering BD-2017 with one of the Israeli isolates, and splitting pairs of isolates from the same region. By comparing patterns of topological difference among segments of quartets of isolates, we showed that TiLV likely has a history of reassortment. Segments 5 and 6, in particular, appear to have undergone a relatively recent reassortment event involving Ecuador isolate EC-2012 and Israel isolate Til-4-2011. The phylogeny of TiLV isolates therefore depends on the segment sequenced. Our findings illustrate the need to exercise caution when using phylogenetic analysis to infer geographic origin and track the movement of TiLV, and we recommend using whole genomes wherever possible.

scholarly journals Issues of wind mode visualization and pedestrian comfort assessment when designing residential buildings on sloping territories in the Arctic zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 03013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya V. Dunichkin ◽  
Emanuele Naboni ◽  
Anna E. Korobeinikova ◽  
Olga I. Poddaeva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Wind Regime ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Aerodynamic Roughness ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Subject of research: visualization of the wind regime of residential buildings on the slope area in the Arctic. Goals: the purpose of the study is to identify the problems of visualization of the wind regime on the slopes and the analysis of patterns of airflow around the sloping territories, affecting the comfort of pedestrians. Materials and methods: airflow patterns of slope areas with different characteristics and comfort assessment for humans are analyzed in the course of work. Geotechnical methods are presented in solving the problems of wind erosion and the stability of hillsides and complex terrain within the city limits. Results: The importance and novelty of the research in studying the relationship of slope geometry and environmental quality, as a decrease in comfort inevitably leads to a decrease in the development of nearby urban areas in settlements on the coast of the Arctic Ocean, problems with climate and local climate, as well as a decrease in the quality of life of people. The article considers the relationship of plastic relief with the aeration regime of the territory, the dependence of aerodynamic roughness on their height, features of aeration of the slope and hilly terrain, factors affecting the direction and speed of the wind and methods for studying the aeration regime of slope areas. Findings: The possibilities of applying existing approaches to research and visualization for slope areas are demonstrated. The direction of development of the technique for visualization of slope areas has been determined.

scholarly journals Site-Specific Lipidomic Signatures of Sea Lettuce (Ulva spp., Chlorophyta) Hold the Potential to Trace Their Geographic Origin

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete da Costa ◽  
Fernando Ricardo ◽  
Tânia Melo ◽  
Renato Mamede ◽  
Maria H. Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Ulva Rigida ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Betaine Lipids ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Post Harvesting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phospholipid Species ◽  
Different Levels

The wild harvest and aquaculture of Ulva spp. has deserved growing attention in Europe. However, the impact of geographical origin on the biochemical composition of different species and/or strains is yet to be described in detail. Hence, the present study aimed to detect the variability of the lipidome of different species and/or strains of Ulva originating from different geographic locations. We hypothesized that lipidomic signatures can be used to trace the geographic origin post-harvesting of these valuable green seaweeds. Ulva spp. was sampled from eight distinct ecosystems along the Atlantic Iberian coast and Ulva rigida was sourced from an aquaculture farm operating a land-based integrated production site. Results showed significant differences in the lipidomic profile displayed by Ulva spp. originating from different locations, namely, due to different levels of polyunsaturated betaine lipids and galactolipids; saturated betaine lipids and sulfolipids; and some phospholipid species. Overall, a set of 25 site-specific molecular lipid species provide a unique lipidomic signature for authentication and geographic origin certification of Ulva species. Present findings highlight the potential of lipidome plasticity as a proxy to fight fraudulent practices, but also to ensure quality control and prospect biomass for target bioactive compounds.

Intraspecific Relationship of Plasmopara halstedii Isolates Differing in Pathogenicity and Geographic Origin Based on ITS Sequence Data

2006 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otmar Spring ◽  
Mark Bachofer ◽  
Marco Thines ◽  
Alexandra Riethmüller ◽  
Markus Göker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Plasmopara Halstedii ◽  
Relationship Of
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document