scholarly journals Yersiniosis in New Zealand

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Lucia Rivas ◽  
Hugo Strydom ◽  
Shevaun Paine ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jackie Wright
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
One Health ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Insufficient Sensitivity

The rate of yersiniosis in New Zealand (NZ) is high compared with other developed countries, and rates have been increasing over recent years. Typically, >99% of human cases in NZ are attributed to Yersinia enterocolitica (YE), although in 2014, a large outbreak of 220 cases was caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Up until 2012, the most common NZ strain was YE biotype 4. The emergent strain since this time is YE biotype 2/3 serotype O:9. The pathogenic potential of some YE biotypes remains unclear. Most human cases of yersiniosis are considered sporadic without an identifiable source. Key restrictions in previous investigations included insufficient sensitivity for the isolation of Yersinia spp. from foods, although foodborne transmission is the most likely route of infection. In NZ, YE has been isolated from a variety of sick and healthy domestic and farm animals but the pathways from zoonotic reservoir to human remain unproven. Whole-genome sequencing provides unprecedented discriminatory power for typing Yersinia and is now being applied to NZ epidemiological investigations. A “One-Health” approach is necessary to elucidate the routes of transmission of Yersinia and consequently inform targeted interventions for the prevention and management of yersiniosis in NZ

scholarly journals Yersiniophage ϕR1-37 is a tailed bacteriophage having a 270 kb DNA genome with thymidine replaced by deoxyuridine

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (12) ◽  
pp. 4093-4102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saija Kiljunen ◽  
Kristo Hakala ◽  
Elise Pinta ◽  
Suvi Huttunen ◽  
Patrycja Pluta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Outer Core ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Phage Receptor

Bacteriophage ϕR1-37 was isolated based on its ability to infect strain YeO3-R1, a virulence-plasmid-cured O antigen-negative derivative of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O : 3. In this study, the phage receptor was found to be a structure in the outer core hexasaccharide of Y. enterocolitica O : 3 LPS. The phage receptor was present in the outer core of strains of many other Y. enterocolitica serotypes, but also in some Yersinia intermedia strains. Surprisingly, the receptor structure resided in the O antigen of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O : 9. Electron microscopy demonstrated that ϕR1-37 particles have an icosahedral head of 88 nm, a short neck of 10 nm, a long contractile tail of 236 nm, and tail fibres of at least 86 nm. This implies that the phage belongs to the order Caudovirales and the family Myoviridae in the ICTV (International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses) classification. ϕR1-37 was found to have a lytic life cycle, with eclipse and latent periods of 40 and 50 min, respectively, and a burst size of ∼80 p.f.u. per infected cell. Restriction digestions and PFGE showed that the ϕR1-37 genome was dsDNA and ∼270 kb in size. Enzymically hydrolysed DNA was subjected to HPLC-MS/MS analysis, which demonstrated that the ϕR1-37 genome is composed of DNA in which thymidine (T) is >99 % replaced by deoxyuridine (dU). The only organisms known to have similar DNA are the Bacillus subtilis-specific bacteriophages PBS1 and PBS2. N-terminal amino acid sequences of four major structural proteins did not show any similarity to (viral) protein sequences in databases, indicating that close relatives of ϕR1-37 have not yet been characterized. Genes for two of the structural proteins, p24 and p46, were identified from the partially sequenced ϕR1-37 genome.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosiscausing a large outbreak associated with carrots in Finland, 2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. RIMHANEN-FINNE ◽  
T. NISKANEN ◽  
S. HALLANVUO ◽  
P. MAKARY ◽  
K. HAUKKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Day Care Centres

SUMMARYA large outbreak ofYersinia pseudotuberculosisO:1 infection affected over 400 children from 23 schools and 5 day-care centres in two municipalities in southern Finland in August–September, 2006. A retrospective cohort study conducted in a large school centre showed that the outbreak was strongly associated with the consumption of grated carrots served at a school lunch. The risk of illness increased with the amount of carrots eaten. Poor quality carrots grown the previous year had been delivered to the school kitchens in the two municipalities affected. In the patients' samples and in the environmental samples collected from the carrot distributor's storage facility, identical serotypes and genotypes ofY. pseudotuberculosiswere found, but the original source and the mechanism of the contamination of the carrots remained unclear. Outbreaks ofY. pseudotuberculosislinked to fresh produce have been detected repeatedly in Finland. To prevent future outbreaks, instructions in improved hygiene practices on the handling of raw carrots have been issued to farmers, vegetable-processing plants and institutional kitchens.

scholarly journals Catarrhal mastitis by Staphylococcus simulans in a nulliparous goat

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. e140288
Author(s):  
Guilherme Santana De Moura ◽  
Michele Flávia Sousa Marques ◽  
Fernando Nogueira De Souza ◽  
Luciana Bignardi Brisola Casimiro Da Costa ◽  
Atzel Candido Acosta Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Staphylococcus Simulans

The present paper is a case report of a one-year old nulliparous Alpine Goat belonging to a dairy goat farm in semi-arid region of Brazil. Both glands were naturally infected by α-hemolytic Staphylococcus simulans and evolved similar clinical signs. The mammary glands presented an acute catarrhal mastitis with systemic clinical signs that responded positively to treatment with gentamicin associated with amoxicillin. The present report suggests the importance of the pathogenic potential of non-aureus Staphylococci strains (NAS) as a cause of clinical mastitis also in nulliparous animals. The isolate showed resistance to tetracycline and contained staphylococcal toxin production genes (sec, sec and TSST-1). Moreover, it has been reported that Staphylococcus simulans is an emerging pathogen in humans causing cutaneous and osteoarticular infections, mainly in those in close contact with farm animals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a clinical mastitis in a nulliparous goat caused by Staphylococcus simulans.

scholarly journals Seafood-Borne Parasitic Diseases: A “One-Health” Approach Is Needed

Fishes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokoofeh Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Training ◽  
Holistic Manner

Global consumption of seafood is steadily increasing, as is the variety of seafood, including dishes with raw or undercooked fish, leading to an increased risk of seafood-borne parasitic diseases. To address today’s challenges to understand the biology and ecology of these parasites in an ever-changing environment and to tackle their pathogenicity, multidisciplinary research is needed. In addition, the gap between research and stakeholders must be bridged to decrease the risk these parasites pose to public health. A “One-Health” approach to research is necessary to ensure that consumers, aquatic animals, and environmental health questions are assessed in an integrated and holistic manner, resulting in a more comprehensive understanding of the issues associated with seafood-borne parasitic diseases and potential solutions. However, when it comes to seafood-borne parasitic diseases, there is limited guidance available for a “One-Health” approach since these diseases can be less known. In this article, the focus is on parasitic diseases caused by seafood, which have been less studied even in some developed countries where seafood is popular. A brief overview of some of the seafood-borne parasitic diseases is provided followed by the significance of the awareness among various stakeholders in a country. In this article, it is argued that researchers and stakeholders are closely connected and a knowledge gap in one can result in a gap in knowledge and awareness in the other, causing an inability to accurately estimate the issues caused by these parasites. It is suggested that raising awareness, supporting research and training of all stakeholders are crucial for the prevention of seafood-borne parasitic diseases and the protection of the health of seafood consumers.

scholarly journals Metagenomic discovery and co-infection of diverse wobbly possum disease viruses and a novel hepacivirus in Australian brushtail possums

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Shan Chang ◽  
John-Sebastian Eden ◽  
William J. Hartley ◽  
Mang Shi ◽  
Karrie Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
One Health ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Viral Aetiology ◽  
Introduced Pest ◽  
The Face ◽  
Case Diagnosis ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Australian brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) are an introduced pest species in New Zealand, but native to Australia where they are protected for biodiversity conservation. Wobbly possum disease (WPD) is a fatal neurological disease of Australian brushtail possums described in New Zealand populations that has been associated with infection by the arterivirus (Arteriviridae) wobbly possum disease virus (WPDV-NZ). Clinically, WPD-infected possums present with chronic meningoencephalitis, choroiditis and multifocal neurological symptoms including ataxia, incoordination, and abnormal gait. Methods We conducted a retrospective investigation to characterise WPD in native Australian brushtail possums, and used a bulk meta-transcriptomic approach (i.e. total RNA-sequencing) to investigate its potential viral aetiology. PCR assays were developed for case diagnosis and full genome recovery in the face of extensive genetic variation. Results We identified genetically distinct lineages of arteriviruses from archival tissues of WPD-infected possums in Australia, termed wobbly possum disease virus AU1 and AU2. Phylogenetically, WPDV-AU1 and WPDV-AU2 shared only ~ 70% nucleotide similarity to each other and the WPDV-NZ strain, suggestive of a relatively ancient divergence. Notably, we also identified a novel and divergent hepacivirus (Flaviviridae) - the first in a marsupial - in both WPD-infected and uninfected possums, indicative of virus co-infection. Conclusions We have identified marsupial-specific lineages of arteriviruses in mainland Australia that are genetically distinct from that in New Zealand, in some cases co-infecting animals with a novel hepacivirus. Our study provides new insight into the hidden genetic diversity of arteriviruses, the capacity for virus co-infection, and highlights the utility of meta-transcriptomics for disease investigation in a One Health context.

scholarly journals Distribution of Salmonella Serovars in Humans, Foods, Farm Animals and Environment, Companion and Wildlife Animals in Singapore

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5774
Author(s):  
Kyaw Thu Aung ◽  
Wei Ching Khor ◽  
Sophie Octavia ◽  
Agnes Ye ◽  
Justina Leo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
One Health ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Egg Products ◽  
Human Salmonellosis ◽  
Investigative Approach ◽  
Salmonella Serovars

We analyzed the epidemiological distribution of Salmonella serovars in humans, foods, animals and the environment as a One-Health step towards identifying risk factors for human salmonellosis. Throughout the 2012–2016 period, Salmonella ser. Enteritidis was consistently the predominating serovar attributing to >20.0% of isolates in humans. Other most common serovars in humans include Salmonella ser. Stanley, Salmonella ser. Weltevreden, Salmonella ser. Typhimurium and Salmonella ser. 4,5,12:b:-(dT+). S. Enteritidis was also the most frequent serovar found among the isolates from chicken/chicken products (28.5%) and eggs/egg products (61.5%) during the same period. In contrast, S. Typhimurium (35.2%) and Salmonella ser. Derby (18.8%) were prevalent in pork/pork products. S. Weltevreden was more frequent in seafood (19.2%) than others (≤3.0%). Most isolates (>80.0%) from farms, companion and wildlife animals belonged to serovars other than S. Enteritidis or S. Typhimurium. Findings demonstrate the significance of a One-Health investigative approach to understand the epidemiology Salmonella for more effective and integrated surveillance systems.

Haemophilia-associated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:1 septicaemia: the role of iron

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Mischnik ◽  
Tillman Dahme ◽  
Raffi Bekeredjian ◽  
Stefan Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Serotype O

Distribution of virF/lcrF-positive Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Serotype O:3 at Farm Level

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Niskanen ◽  
R. Laukkanen ◽  
M. Fredriksson-Ahomaa ◽  
H. Korkeala
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Serotype O
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