scholarly journals Comparison of Cytokine Expression Profile in Chikungunya and Dengue Co-Infected and Mono-Infected Patients’ Samples

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Saravana Murali Krishnan ◽  
Jayashri Mahalingam ◽  
Shanthi Sabarimurugan ◽  
Thiruvengadam Muthu ◽  
Baskar Venkidasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cytokine Expression Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ifn Γ

Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Dengue (DENV) viruses cause an acute febrile illness which is hard to clinically differentiate and treat since both exhibit similar symptoms. Hence, this study was aimed at identifying the expression profiles of cytokines on co-infected samples and compare with CHIKV and DENV mono-infected samples. Serum samples of 292 suspected patients during 2009–2011 were analyzed. The presence of primary (IgM)/secondary (IgG) antibodies and early NS1 Dengue antigens were confirmed by capture ELISA. Molecular diagnosis and serotypes were discriminated by RT-PCR, confirmed by sequencing. All the plasma samples were assayed for cytokine expression by BDTM cytometry bead array (CBA) and compared with independent mono-infection viral load. Among the tested samples, 82 were confirmed as Dengue positive; 52 through IgM (17.8%), and 30 through IgG (10.2%). Additionally, 186 samples were confirmed as Chikungunya, 96 through IgM (32.6%) and 92 through IgG (31.5%) ELISA, respectively. Interestingly, 19 patients were co-infection positive in which, only 6 were confirmed for CHIKV and 7 for DENV by RT-PCR. Among 8 cytokines, IL-2, IL-8, IFNα, IFN γ, and IL-12 were found to be significantly different between co-infected and CHIKV mono-infected patients and correlated with viral load. DENV viral load was correlated with cytokine expression and a significant difference in IL-2 and IL-12 was observed between DENV mono-infected and DENV and CHIKV co-infected patients. Results indicated that apart from serological and molecular confirmation, cytokines could be used as a specific biomarker for the diagnosis of DENV and CHIKV. In the future, the role of independent cytokines can be determined to understand the pathogenesis and etiology of these dreadful diseases.

Cytokine expression profiles of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) detected by multiplex assay

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18530-18530
Author(s):  
V. B. Reddy ◽  
D. K. Oelschlager ◽  
J. S. Nolan ◽  
K. L. Taylor ◽  
J. Post ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
Multiplex Assay ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels

18530 Background: To determine the cytokine expression profiles of patients with AML and NHL using a sensitive bead-based Luminex multiplex assay in a routine clinical diagnostic setting. Methods: Blood (plasma/serum) samples were collected from ten AML and five NHL patients. Six control samples from patients diagnosed as non-neoplastic/non-autoimmune/non-inflammatory were also analyzed for comparison. All samples were frozen prior to analysis. Using a bead-based Luminex assay (Human Cytokine 8-Plex Assay, Bio- Rad, Hercules, CA) we analyzed these samples for a panel of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha). This assay uses polystyrene microspheres, which provides simultaneous quantitation of these cytokines in a single sample. The expression levels were presented in picograms/mL. Average values for each of these markers were obtained for each group of patients (AML versus NHL versus Controls), and their expression levels were compared using χ2 analysis. Results: Overall, there was a significant difference in the expression profiles of all these cytokines among three patients groups (χ2, P < 0.001). All cytokines were consistently expressed at low levels in NHL patients as compared to control group. However, the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were increased by 2.7 and 5.8 times, respectively in AML patients as compared to controls. Conclusions: The low levels of cytokines in NHL and AML patients suggest suppressed immune system in these two disease conditions; however, these findings warrant further studies to explore the underlying mechanisms for the increased levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in AML patients. Currently, studies are in progress to compare the levels of cytokines measured by Luminiex assay in different stages of leukemias and lymphomas (initial, post treatment and recovery phase etc.). These studies are partially funded by grants from the National Institute of Health/National Cancer Institute (RO1-CA98932–01 and U24-CA086359). No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF ELISA-IGM (MAC-ELISA) FOR DETERMINING ETIOLOGICAL LINK VIRUS TYPES IN CONCRET CASES OF THE DISEASE

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Yuliya A. Akinshina ◽  
V. F Larichev ◽  
M. A Sayfullin ◽  
S. G Mardanly ◽  
A. M Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Dengue Viruses ◽  
Etiological Role ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Pcr Method

105 sera from 101 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of dengue fever (LD) were examined using monospecific ELISA-IgM test. Monospecific results were observed in 39 samples (37.1%). 27 sample of them were taken during the first 7 days of the disease. In those systems were examined 23 serum samples of 23 patients, in which etiological role of one of the four dengue viruses was been established by the RT-PCR method. In this case, the coincidence-IgM ELISA results and the RT-PCR took place in 14 sera (60.9%).

scholarly journals DENGUE OUTBREAK IN MATO GROSSO STATE, MIDWESTERN BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Borges da Silva HEINEN ◽  
Nayara ZUCHI ◽  
Belgath Fernandes CARDOSO ◽  
Marcelo Adriano Mendes dos SANTOS ◽  
Mauricio Lacerda NOGUEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Genotype Iii ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Southeast Asian American

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most frequent arbovirus worldwide. In this study, we report a large outbreak in Mato Grosso State (MT). Serum samples from 604 patients with acute febrile illness for less than five days were inoculated in C6/36 cells, then infected cells were subjected to an indirect immunofluorescence test for DENV serotypes and yellow fever virus. Serum samples were submitted to a multiplex-semi-nested-RT-PCR for 11 flaviviruses. DENV-4 was isolated in 150/604 (24.8%) and DENV-1 in 19/604 (3.1%) specimens. By RT-PCR, 331 (54.8%) samples tested positive for DENV; 321 had single infections (DENV-4 n = 305; DENV-1 n = 15; DENV-3 n = 1), nine had co-infections of DENV-1/DENV-4, and one of DENV-2/DENV-4. DENV-4 was detected in 315/331 (95.2%) positive patients from 17 municipalities, and DENV-1 in 24/331 (7.2%) patients from five cities in north-central MT and the city of Cuiaba. The incidence of infection was higher in patients aged 20-39 (142/331; 42.9%). The NS5 partial nucleotide sequence of DENV-1 was most similar to that of genotype V, DENV-2 to Southeast Asian/American, DENV-3 to genotype III, and DENV-4 to genotype II strains, considered the most frequent strains in Brazil. This outbreak coincided with the introduction of DENV-4 in the state. Cuiaba was hyperendemic for the four DENV serotypes, highlighting the necessity for arbovirus surveillance in MT.

scholarly journals Role of Interferon-Gamma (Ifn-γ) in Immune Response Regulation in Hiv-1 and Hiv-1 + Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Tb) Infected Patients / Interferona-gamma (Ifn-γ) Loma Imūnās Atbildes Regulēšanā Pacientiem Ar HIV-1 un HIV-1 + mycobacterium Tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Inga Januškevica ◽  
Baiba Rozentāle ◽  
Elvīra Hagina ◽  
Jeīena Eglīte ◽  
Tatjana Kolupajeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract The aim of this research was to investigate the role of IFN-γ in interaction between IL-10, IL-18, IL-1b, CD4 cell counts and HIV-1 RNA viral load in the development of HIV-1 in patients co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). The study was conducted by Rīga East Clinical University Hospital with data from the HIV-1 register, in collaboration with the RSU Joint Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Immunogenetics. 200 HIV-1 infected patients and 184 HIV-1 with TB co-infection patients divided in four groups were included in the study. IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-18, IL-1b levels were measured in serum with commercially enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA Vector-Best Corporation, Novosibirsk, Russia). CD4 cell counts were measured by flow Partec IVD cytometry (USA). HIV-1 RNA quantification was performed using the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS Taqman HIV-1 Test (Germany). All groups were compared with each another. IFN-γ production was significantly lower, and IL-10 and CD4 cell counts were significantly higher, in HIV-1 patients without TB compared with the other groups. The group with HIV-1 and TB had significantly elevated IL-18 production. HIV patients with primary TB had significantly elevated IFN-γ production and HIV-1 RNA viral load and significantly lower IL-10 production.

Hepatitis C Virus Infection and B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4668-4668
Author(s):  
Janet G. Grudeva
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pathogenetic Role ◽  
Significant Difference

Backgroud: An increasing number of bacterial and viral infections have been linked with specific subtypes of lymphoma. Preliminary evidence suggests that hepatitis C virus (HCV) might play a pathogenetic role in autoimmune-related, non-malignant B-cell lymphoproliferation, as well as a subset of B-cell non-Hodgkin, s lymphomas (B-NHL), often with extranodal localization. Design and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Hematology and consisted 149 (86 male, 63 female) untreated patients with a new diagnosis of B-NHL for 5-years period (2000–2004). HCV infection was investigated by testing for HCV antibodies in serum samples. The controls were 587 patients (without intravenous drug users) in other departments of the same hospital. Results: HCV infection was documented in 13 cases (8,4%) with NHL. The infected patients were not clinically relevant cryoglobulinemic activity, increased rate of autoimmune disorders and extranodal localizations prevalence. There was statistically significant difference between the NHL and control group (p<0,01) and no statistically significant difference between man/women carriers (p>0,05) into the NHL group. Overall, the clinical outcome of HCV-positive NHL does not seem to be different from that of NHL patients without HCV infection. However, the evidence of a significant liver injury may predict a worse prognosis in these cases. Conclusions: Our date suggest that HCV infection may be associated with B-NHL. With regard to the mechanism(s) by which HCV might favor B-cell expansion and malignant transformation, most date support an indirect pathogenetic role of the virus as an exogenous trigger. A direct oncogenetic role of HCV by direct cell infection and deregulation has only been hypothesized on the basis of the lymphotropism of the virus.

scholarly journals The Role of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Among Multiple Sclerosis Patient Compared to Ordinary People in South of Iran: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Rahnama ◽  
Qasem Asgari ◽  
Peiman Petramfar ◽  
Davod Tasa ◽  
Vahid Hemati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic disease, which leads to serious disease symptoms in immunocompromised hosts and infants. Recent epidemiologic surveys showed that microbial agents may be associated with some cases of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: This case-control study aimed to examine the role of Toxoplasma gondii in MS by evaluating sero-frequency of anti-T. gondii IgG (ATXAb) antibody between patients with MS and ordinary people in Shiraz Province, south of Iran during 2016 - 2018. Methods: Serum samples obtained from MS patients (n = 130), and a group of age and gender-matched controls (n = 130) with the same socioeconomic status with the patients’ group were collected to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii IgG antibodies (ATXAb). Moreover, the presence of the ATXAb antibody of the patients and controls was determined by the ELISA test. SPSS 20 software was used to perform the statistical analysis (SPSS, inc., Chicago, USA). Results: Out of 130 (35.4%) cases with MS and 130 (13.8%) controls, 46 and 18 subjects were seropositive for ATXAb, respectively. Based on the chi-square test, a significant difference was observed in terms of the positivity rates of ATXAb between the MS patient group and the control group (P = 0.001). The mean ± standard deviation ATXAb levels in controls and MS patients were found to be 61 ± 34 and 114 ± 47 IU/mL, respectively. Also, there were statistically significant differences between the levels of these two groups (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Given the relationship between toxoplasmosis and MS, it is possible that the prevalence of MS decreases by increasing hygiene and preventing toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Dabigatran and Remdesivir Synergistically Inhibit Coronavirus Replication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred D. Nelson ◽  
Yan Bi ◽  
Baoan Ji
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Serine Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Higher Doses

Abstract Background & Aims: Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is an ongoing global pandemic causing more than three million deaths. Protease inhibitors had been shown to decrease viral entry. However, the role of dabigatran, an inhibitor of multiple proteases, on coronavirus remains unknown.Methods: MRC-5 cells, HCT-8, or Huh-7 cells were infected with Beta-coronavirus OC43 and SARS-CoV-2. Cytopathic effects (CPE) were monitored by imaging. Viral load was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Viral protein was detected by Western blot.Results: Camostat, a serine protease inhibitor, had no effect on the replication of OC43 and SARS CoV-2 even at higher doses. Dabigatran inhibited replication, viral entry and CPE of OC43 in a dose-dependent manner. Dabigatran and Remdisivir synergistically inhibited OC43 virus replication. Conclusions: Dabigatran may be beneficial in treating SARS-CoV-2 both for anticoagulation and viral replication inhibition need to be evaluated further.

Prevalence of hepatitis E virus in thalassemia patients with hepatitis C in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Dalvand ◽  
Azadeh Dalvand ◽  
Zohreh Sharifi ◽  
Seyed Masoud Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Thalassemia Patient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tehran Province

Background and Objectives: HEV infection is predominantly spread via the fecal-oral route; however, due to the presence of HEV RNA in the serum of healthy blood donors, there is a possibility of the transmissibility of HEV infection through blood. Multi-transfused thalassemia patients are one of the high risk groups for blood borne viruses. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of HEV antibodies and HEV-RNA in thalassemia patients with HCV infection. Materials and Methods: 120 anti-HCV positive thalassemia patient serum samples from Tehran province during April-June 2019 were assessed for the presence of total anti-HEV antibodies using of HEV Ab ELISA kit. All serum samples were assayed by Nested RT-PCR to detect HEV-RNA. Results: The results of ELISA test showed that 2 out of 120 (1.67%) samples were positive for anti-HEV Ab. There was no statistically significant difference between anti-HEV antibody prevalence rate and sex, age and other risk factors. None of 120 (0.00%) samples were positive for HEV-RNA by Nested RT-PCR. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of HEV in our study group was 1.67% which is less than HEV seroprevalence rate in Iranian general population. Therefore, it can be conclude that transmission of HEV infection via blood transfusion seems to be uncommon in Iran and the fecal-oral route can be the predominant mode of transmission in Iran; however, more studies are required to confirm this issue.

scholarly journals Expression profiles of myostatin and calpastatin genes and analysis of shear force and intramuscular fat content of yak longissimus muscle

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.C. Zheng ◽  
Y.Q. Lin ◽  
Y. Yue ◽  
Y.O. Xu ◽  
S.Y. Jin
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Yellow Cattle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Imf Content

The main objective of this study was to reveal the expression profiles of two negative regulators, myostatin (MSTN) and calpastatin (CAST)genes, of skeletal muscle growth in highland yaks (Bos grunniens). mRNA levels of both genes were quantified in different yak tissues by semi-quantitative RT-PCR to reveal the tissue expression pattern, and real-time quantitative RT-PCR was employed to compare the mRNA levels of MSTN and CAST in longissimus muscles of yaks at different ages and adult Yellow cattle. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content, tenderness and pH of longissimus muscle of yaks at different ages and of adult Yellow cattle were also measured. The results showed that MSTN and CAST expressions have tissue specificity and both exhibited a high level in longissimus muscle and a low level in adipose tissue. Yak calves had lower mRNA levels of both MSTN and CAST in longissimus muscle compared with adult yaks. The analysis of meat quality traits of longissimus muscle showed that the shear forces of raw longissimus muscle of yak calves were significantly lower than those of adult yaks and Yellow cattle, no significant difference was found between adult yaks and Yellow cattle of similar age. IMF content in longissimus muscle was lower in yaks than in Yellow cattle. Although yaks were smaller in body size than Yellow cattle, adult yaks showed lower levels of MSTN and similar level of CAST mRNA in longissimus muscle compared to Yellow cattle. These data indicate that the expression of both MSTN and CAST in longissimus muscle differs between adult yaks and yak calves, and the yak longissimus muscle shows a lower IMF content compared to cattle. &nbsp;

scholarly journals The Role of Inflammatory, Anti-Inflammatory, and Regulatory Cytokines in Patients Infected with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Amazonas State, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Tibery Espir ◽  
Luanda de Paula Figueira ◽  
Maricleide de Farias Naiff ◽  
Allyson Guimarães da Costa ◽  
Marcelo Ramalho-Ortigão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
Protein Expression Profiles ◽  
Leishmania Guyanensis

The authors discuss in this paper the role of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and regulatory cytokines in patients infected with different species ofLeishmaniain Amazonas State, Brazil. A comparative analysis was made of serum concentrations of these cytokines in the peripheral blood of 33 patients infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis. The isolates were identified asLeishmania guyanensis,L. naiffi, andL. amazonensis. Most (64%) of the patients were male ranging in age from 18 to 58 years. Protein expression profiles of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17 cytokines were shown to vary significantly between infected and noninfected (control group) individuals and according to theLeishmaniaspecies. Infection caused byL. guyanensisaccounted for 73% of the cases and patients with this parasite also showed higher concentrations of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 when compared to infection byL. amazonensis. Patients with infection caused byL. naiffishowed higher concentration of the cytokines analyzed when compared to uninfected patients; however, there was no statistically significant difference with the other species analyzed.

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