scholarly journals Expression profiles of myostatin and calpastatin genes and analysis of shear force and intramuscular fat content of yak longissimus muscle

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.C. Zheng ◽  
Y.Q. Lin ◽  
Y. Yue ◽  
Y.O. Xu ◽  
S.Y. Jin
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Yellow Cattle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Imf Content

The main objective of this study was to reveal the expression profiles of two negative regulators, myostatin (MSTN) and calpastatin (CAST)genes, of skeletal muscle growth in highland yaks (Bos grunniens). mRNA levels of both genes were quantified in different yak tissues by semi-quantitative RT-PCR to reveal the tissue expression pattern, and real-time quantitative RT-PCR was employed to compare the mRNA levels of MSTN and CAST in longissimus muscles of yaks at different ages and adult Yellow cattle. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content, tenderness and pH of longissimus muscle of yaks at different ages and of adult Yellow cattle were also measured. The results showed that MSTN and CAST expressions have tissue specificity and both exhibited a high level in longissimus muscle and a low level in adipose tissue. Yak calves had lower mRNA levels of both MSTN and CAST in longissimus muscle compared with adult yaks. The analysis of meat quality traits of longissimus muscle showed that the shear forces of raw longissimus muscle of yak calves were significantly lower than those of adult yaks and Yellow cattle, no significant difference was found between adult yaks and Yellow cattle of similar age. IMF content in longissimus muscle was lower in yaks than in Yellow cattle. Although yaks were smaller in body size than Yellow cattle, adult yaks showed lower levels of MSTN and similar level of CAST mRNA in longissimus muscle compared to Yellow cattle. These data indicate that the expression of both MSTN and CAST in longissimus muscle differs between adult yaks and yak calves, and the yak longissimus muscle shows a lower IMF content compared to cattle.  

scholarly journals Chromatin Interaction Responds to Breast Muscle Development and Intramuscular Fat Deposition Between Chinese Indigenous Chicken and Fast-Growing Broiler

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihua Tian ◽  
Zhang Wang ◽  
Dandan Wang ◽  
Yihao Zhi ◽  
Jiajia Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Chromatin Interaction ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Imf Content

Skeletal muscle development and intramuscular fat (IMF) content, which positively contribute to meat production and quality, are regulated by precisely orchestrated processes. However, changes in three-dimensional chromatin structure and interaction, a newly emerged mediator of gene expression, during the skeletal muscle development and IMF deposition have remained unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the differences in muscle development and IMF content between one-day-old commercial Arbor Acres broiler (AA) and Chinese indigenous Lushi blue-shelled-egg chicken (LS) and performed Hi-C analysis on their breast muscles. Our results indicated that significantly higher IMF content, however remarkably lower muscle fiber diameter was detected in breast muscle of LS chicken compared to that of AA broiler. The chromatin intra-interaction was prior to inter-interaction in both AA and LS chicken, and chromatin inter-interaction was heavily focused on the small and gene-rich chromosomes. For genomic compartmentalization, no significant difference in the number of B type compartments was found, but AA had more A type compartments versus LS. The A/B compartment switching of AA versus LS showed more A to B switching than B to A switching. There were no significant differences in the average sizes and distributions of topologically associating domains (TAD). Additionally, approximately 50% of TAD boundaries were overlapping. The reforming and disappearing events of TAD boundaries were identified between AA and LS chicken breast muscles. Among these, the HMGCR gene was located in the TAD-boundary regions in AA broilers, but in TAD-interior regions in LS chickens, and the IGF2BP3 gene was located in the AA-unique TAD boundaries. Both HMGCR and IGF2BP3 genes exhibited increased mRNA expression in one-day-old AA broiler breast muscles. It was demonstrated that the IGF2BP3 and HMGCR genes regulated by TAD boundary sliding were potential biomarkers for chicken breast muscle development and IMF deposition. Our data not only provide a valuable understanding of higher-order chromatin dynamics during muscle development and lipid accumulation but also reveal new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of muscle development and IMF deposition in chicken.

scholarly journals Analysis of mRNA expression of CNN3, DCN, FBN2, POSTN, SPARC and YWHAQ genes in porcine foetal and adult skeletal muscles

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bílek ◽  
A. Knoll ◽  
A. Stratil ◽  
K. Svobodová ◽  
P. Horák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Subtractive Hybridization ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Muscle Biology ◽  
Fetal Muscle

Skeletal muscle growth is determined by the number of prenatally formed fibres and by the degree of their postnatal hypertrophy; i.e. prenatal development may influence the postnatal growth. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to identify genes more expressed in fetal hind limb muscles of Piétrain pigs (44 days of gestation) compared to the adult biceps femoris. Six potential functional candidate genes (<i>CNN3</i>, <i>DCN</i>, <i>FBN2</i>, <i>POSTN</i>, <i>SPARC</i> and <i>YWHAQ</i>) were selected to verify the SSH results using real-time RT-PCR. Expression levels of the studied genes were significantly higher (<i>P</i>< 0.05) in the fetal muscle compared to the adult muscle. <i>FBN</i>2 and <i>POSTN</i> exhibited the highest mRNA levels (mean relative ratios were 182.7 and 121.6, respectively). The studied genes may play an important role in muscle biology and may be candidates for muscling traits.

scholarly journals Identification of the Differentially Expressed Genes of Muscle Growth and Intramuscular Fat Metabolism in the Development Stage of Yellow Broilers

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Dongfeng Li ◽  
Zaixu Pan ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Minli Yu ◽  
Debing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
The Common

High-quality chicken meat is an important source of animal protein for humans. Gene expression profiles in breast muscle tissue were determined, aiming to explore the common regulatory genes relevant to muscle and intramuscular fat (IMF) during the developmental stage in chickens. Results show that breast muscle weight (BMW), breast meat percentage (BMP, %), and IMF (%) continuously increased with development. A total of 256 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the developmental stage were screened. Among them, some genes related to muscle fiber hypertrophy were upregulated (e.g., CSRP3, LMOD2, MUSTN1, MYBPC1), but others (e.g., ACTC1, MYL1, MYL4) were downregulated from Week 3 to Week 18. During this period, expression of some DEGs related to the cells cycle (e.g., CCNB3, CCNE2, CDC20, MCM2) changed in a way that genetically suggests possible inhibitory regulation on cells number. In addition, DEGs associated with energy metabolism (e.g., ACOT9, CETP, LPIN1, DGAT2, RBP7, FBP1, PHKA1) were found to regulate IMF deposition. Our data identified and provide new insights into the common regulatory genes related to muscle growth, cell proliferation, and energy metabolism at the developmental stage in chickens.

scholarly journals Identification, characterization, and quantitative expression analysis of rainbow trout myostatin-1a and myostatin-1b genes

2006 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip K Garikipati ◽  
Scott A Gahr ◽  
Buel D Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Genomic Organization ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Quantitative Expression

Myostatin is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Although several cDNA clones have been characterized in different vertebrates, the genomic organization and bioactivity of non-mammalian homologs have not. The intron/exon organization and promoter subsequence analysis of two rainbow trout myostatin genes, rtMSTN-1a and rtMSTN-1b (formerly 1 and 2 respectively), as well as a quantitative assessment of their embryonic, larval, and adult tissue expression profiles are reported herein. Each gene was similarly organized into three exons of 490, 368, and 1600 bp for MSTN-1a and 486, 386, and 1419 bp for MSTN-1b. Comparative mapping of coding regions from several vertebrate myostatin genes revealed a common organization between species, including conserved pre-mRNA splice sites; the first among the fishes and the second across all vertebrate species. In silico subsequence analysis of the promoter regions identified E-boxes and other putative myogenic response elements. However, the number and diversity of elements were considerably less than those found in mammalian promoters or in the recently characterized zebrafish MSTN-2 gene. A quantitative analysis of the embryonic expression profile for both genes indicates that rtMSTN-1a expression is consistently greater than that of rtMSTN-1b and neither gene is significantly expressed throughout gastrulation. Expression of both steadily increases fourfold during somitogenesis and subsides as this period ends. After eyeing, however, rtMSTN-1a mRNA levels ultimately rise 20-fold by day 49 and peak before hatching and yolk sac absorption (YSA). Levels of rtMSTN-1b rise similarly, but do not peak before YSA. An analysis of adult (2-year-old fish) tissue expression indicates that both transcripts are present in most tissues although levels are highest in brain, testes, eyes, muscle, and surprisingly spleen. These studies suggest that strong selective pressures have preserved the genomic organization of myostatin genes throughout evolution. However, the different expression profiles and putative promoter elements in fishes versus mammals suggests that limitations in myostatin function may have evolved recently.

scholarly journals Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-time PCR in Diaphanosoma Celebensis: For Chemical Exposure Conditions and Different Ages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Mi Lee ◽  
Soyeon In ◽  
Se-Joo Kim ◽  
Eun-Ji Won ◽  
Hayoung Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Reference Gene ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Diaphanosoma Celebensis

Abstract Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), a primary approach for evaluating gene expression, requires an appropriate normalization strategy to rule out variations in gene expression among samples. The best option is to use a reference gene whose expression level is stable across various experimental conditions to compare the mRNA levels of a target gene. However, there is limited information on how the reference gene is differentially expressed at different ages (growth) in small invertebrates with notable changes such as molting. In this study, expression profiles of nine candidate reference genes from the brackish water flea, Diaphanosoma celebensis, were evaluated under diverse exposure to toxicants and according to growth. As a result, four different algorithms showed similar stabilities of genes for chemical exposures in the case of limited conditions using the same developmental stage (e.g., adult), while the results according to age showed a significantly different pattern in suite of candidate reference genes. This affected the results of genes EcRA and GST, which are involved in development and detoxification mechanisms, respectively. Our finding is the first step towards establishing a standardized real-time qRT-PCR analysis of this environmentally important invertebrate that has potential for aquatic ecotoxicology, particularly in estuarine environments.

NDRG1 Expression Is Inhibited in AML and Its Knockdown Attenuates Neutrophil Differentiation.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 927-927
Author(s):  
Mario P. Tschan ◽  
Deborah Shan ◽  
Judith Laedrach ◽  
Marianne Eyholzer ◽  
Elisabeth Oppliger Leibundgut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
U937 Cells ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Atra Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blast Cells ◽  
Neutrophil Differentiation

Abstract The N-myc down-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a stressed induced protein whose expression is associated with growth arrest and differentiation of tumor cells. Although the exact function of NDRG1 protein remains unknown, various studies support its role as a suppressor of tumor metastasis. In prostate, colon and breast cancer its expression is associated with a better disease prognosis and patient survival. In hematopoietic cells, NDRG1 was identified in a differential display screen for differentiation-related genes in human myelomonocytic U937 cells. In the present study, we sought to investigate the role of NDRG1 in myeloid differentiation. To this end we first evaluated NDRG1 mRNA expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n=82) patient samples as well as in CD34+ progenitor cells (n=5) and neutrophils (n=6) of healthy donors using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. We found significantly higher NDRG1 mRNA levels in granulocytes as compared to CD34+ (p=0.0043) or AML blast cells (p<0.0001), whereas no significant difference between CD34+ progenitor and AML blast cells was seen (Figure A). Moreover, we found that NDRG1 mRNA levels were increased in 4/5 APL patients upon ATRA therapy. In contrast, the closest relative of NDRG1, NDRG2, did not show significantly different expression in these primary cells, thus indicating a unique role for NDRG1 in granulocyte differentiation. Next we examined NDRG1 expression using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting in two different cell line models for ATRA-induced neutrophil differentiation. ATRA treatment of NB4 and HT93 acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells induced NDRG1 mRNA 2.3- and 14.3- fold, respectively. Increased NDRG1 mRNA expression was paralleled by an increase of NDRG1 protein as well as a decrease in c-myc protein. Earlier reports described that NDRG1 is also suppressed by c-myc suggesting that down-regulation of c-myc in our cell line models allowed for an increase of NDRG1. In line with these observations, lentivirus-driven short hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated silencing of NDRG1 diminished ATRA-induced neutrophil differentiation of NB4 and U937 cells as measured by CD11b, CD11c and CD18 surface expression. In NB4 NDRG1 knockdown versus non-targeting shRNA expressing cells mean fluorescent intensities (MFI) for CD11b, CD11c and CD18 upon six days of ATRA-treatment were 99±17 vs 146±7, 20±2 vs 32±10 and 19±2 vs 45±6, respectively (Figure B). Similarly, U937 NDRG1 knockdown versus control cells displayed the following MFIs for CD11b and CD18 upon neutrophil differentiation: 61±1 vs 102±2 and 11±4 vs 33±13, respectively. In conclusion, we report here for the first time an association of low NDRG1 levels with an immature hematopoietic cell phenotype. Using RNAi technology we further provide evidence that NDRG1 is functionally involved in neutrophil maturation. Figure Figure

scholarly journals The Relation Between Intramuscular Fat Level in the Longissimus Muscle and the Quality of Pig Carcasses and Meat

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Pietruszka ◽  
Eugenia Jacyno ◽  
Maria Kawęcka ◽  
Wioletta Biel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Large White ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Imf Content

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of intramuscular fat (IMF) content on the quality of pig carcass and meat. One hundred and twenty right half-carcasses of crossbred pigs (Pietrain × Duroc boars and Polish Large White × Polish Landrace sows) from a commercial farm were divided into two groups depending on the content of IMF in the longissimus muscle (LM): LIMF - lower content (mean 2.05% IMF; 28 gilts and 30 barrows) and HIMF - higher content (mean 3.08% IMF; 32 gilts and 30 barrows) were used. Pigs with a higher IMF content in LM (HIMF group) had a significantly lower (P≤0.01) percentage of lean meat in carcass, loin muscle area, level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and PUFAs/SFAs ratio, whereas backfat thickness, content of cholesterol in LM, levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were significantly greater (P≤0.01) than those in pigs with lower IMF content (LIMF group).

scholarly journals Mulberry Extracts Alleviate Aβ25–35-Induced Injury and Change the Gene Expression Profile in PC12 Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Song ◽  
Hongpeng Yang ◽  
Wei Pang ◽  
Zhiwei Qie ◽  
Hao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Peptidase Activity ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr

Mulberry, which contained high amounts of anthocyanins, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. Mulberry fruit extracts (ME) have demonstrated the antioxidant activity and neuroprotection. The study was to investigate the neuroprotective efficacy of ME againstβ-amyloid 25–35- (Aβ25–35-) induced PC12 cells injury. Cells preincubated with or without ME (200 μg/mL) for 24 h were treated with Aβ25–35(20 μmol/L) for another 24 h. Cell viability was assessed by MTT, gene expression profiles were examined by cDNA microarrays, and RT-PCR were used to confirm the results of microarray assays. ME pretreatment was found to neutralize the cytotoxicity and prevent Aβ25–35-induced cells injury. Analyses of gene expression profile revealed that genes involving cell adhesion, peptidase activity, cytokine activity, ion binding activity, and angiogenesis regulation were significantly modulated by ME pretreatment. Among those genes, Apaf1, Bace2, and Plcb4 were enriched in the “Alzheimer’s disease-reference pathway” and downregulated after ME intervention. RT-PCR results showed that ME preincubation could significantly inhibit Aβ25–35increased mRNA levels of these three genes. Overall, ME pretreatment could substantially alleviate PC12 cells injury and downregulate expression of AD-related genes, such as Apaf1, Bace2, and Plcb4. This study has a great nutrigenomics interest and brings new and important light in the field of AD intervention.

237 POTASSIUM CONCENTRATION AND mRNA LEVELS OF POTASSIUM CHANNELS DECREASED IN CYSTIC OVARIAN FOLLICLE FLUID

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
D. Kang ◽  
C. Choe ◽  
E. S. Kim ◽  
H. Y. Yang ◽  
C. G. Hur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Task Channels ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Theca Interna

Cystic ovarian follicle (COF) is one of the most frequently diagnosed ovarian diseases and a major cause of reproductive failure in cattle. Despite an abundance of reports on this subject, the exact pathogenesis of COF still remains unclear. It is generally accepted that disruption of the hypothalmo-pituitary-gonadal axis, by endogenous and/or exogenous factors, causes cystic formation. We here examined whether ion concentration and expression of ion channels are altered in the follicle fluid derived from a Korean native cow with COF. In an ovary with a cystic follicle, granulosa cell layers were exfoliated; the theca interna was thinner than that in an ovary without cystic follicle, based on histological examination. Concentrations of K+, Na+, and Cl- in COF fluid (COFF) were 10.4 � 3.5 mM, 138 � 12 mM, and 104.9 � 7.0 mM, respectively. In COFF, K+ concentration showed a significant difference from the value observed in normal follicle fluid (NFF) (P &lt; 0.05; NFF: 10.4 � 3.5 mM vs. COFF: 6.2 � 0.8 mM). The total numbers of follicles observed (normal, 3–5 mm in diameter vs. COF, 20–30 mm in diameter) were 200 and 20 in normal and COF, respectively. To compare mRNA expression of K+ channels, we performed semiquantitative RT-PCR using follicle fluid and ovaries with or without cystic follicles. RT-PCR showed that mRNA levels of TASK channels (TASK-1, TASK-3, and TASK-5) decreased by 50% in COFF and an ovary with cystic follicles compared to NFF and a normal ovary. TASK channels are involved in apoptosis of mammalian cells. Our results suggest that potassium may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COF.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of mRNAs and lncRNAs of Intramuscular Fat Related to Lipid Metabolism in Two Pig Breeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 2406-2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanlong Huang ◽  
Xiuxiu Zhang ◽  
Ai Li ◽  
Lingli Xie ◽  
Xiangyang Miao
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Large White ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Significant Difference

Background/Aims: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate adipogenesis and lipid accumulation. Intramuscular fat deposition appears to vary in different pig breeds, and the regulation mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated at molecular level. Moreover, little is known about the function and profile of lncRNAs in intramuscular fat deposition and metabolism in pig. The aim of this study was thus to explore the regulatory functions of lncRNAs in intramuscular fat deposition. Methods: In this study, Laiwu (LW) pig and Large White (LY) pig with significant difference in fat deposition were selected for use. RNA-seq technology and bioinformatics methods were used to comparatively analyze the gene expression profiles of intramuscular fat between LW and LY pigs to identify key mRNAs and lncRNAs associated with lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was applied to verify the expression level of the differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs. Results: A total of 513 mRNAs and 55 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between two pig breeds. By co-expression network construction as well as cis- and trans-regulated target gene analysis, 31 key lncRNAs were identified. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes and lncRNAs were mainly involved in the biological processes and pathways related to adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. Conclusion: XLOC_046142, XLOC_004398 and XLOC_015408 may target MAPKAPK2, NR1D2 and AKR1C4, respectively, and play critical regulatory roles in intramuscular adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in pig. XLOC_064871 and XLOC_011001 may play a role in lipid metabolism-related disease via regulating TRIB3 and BRCA1. This study provides a valuable resource for lncRNA study and improves our understanding of the biological roles of lipid metabolism- related genes and molecular mechanism of intramuscular fat metabolism and deposition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document