scholarly journals Detection of Multiple Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens in Haemaphysalis flava Ticks Collected from Hedgehogs in Central China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Li-Zhu Fang ◽  
Si-Cong Lei ◽  
Zhi-Jian Yan ◽  
Xiao Xiao ◽  
Jian-Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Central China ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Haemaphysalis Flava ◽  
Transstadial Transmission ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Minimum Infection Rate

Tickborne intracellular bacterial pathogens including Anaplasma, Coxiella burnetti, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia cause emerging infectious diseases worldwide. PCR was used to amplify the genes of these pathogens in Haemaphysalis flava ticks collected from hedgehogs in Central China. Among 125 samples including 20 egg batches, 24 engorged females, and 81 molted male and female adult ticks, the DNA sequences and phylogenetic analysis showed that the minimum infection rate of the ticks was 4% (5/125) for A. bovis, 3.2% (4/125) for C. burnetti, 9.6%, (12/125) for E. ewingii, and 5.6% for Rickettsia including R.japonica (3.2%, 4/125) and R. raoultii (2.4%, 3/125), respectively. The prevalence of these pathogens was significantly higher in dead engorged females (83.3%, 20/24) than in eggs (5%, 1/20) and molted ticks (8.6%, 7/81). Our study indicated that H. flava ticks could be infected with multiple species of tickborne pathogens including Anaplasma, C. burnetti, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia in Central China, and the prevalence of these pathogens was reduced during transovarial and transstadial transmission in ticks, suggesting that ticks may not be real reservoirs but only vectors for these tickborne pathogens.

The impact of maternal protein restriction during perinatal life on the response to a septic insult in adult rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Reza Khazaee ◽  
Anastasiya Vinokurtseva ◽  
Lynda A. McCaig ◽  
Cory Yamashita ◽  
Daniel B. Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Maternal Protein Restriction ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Septic Insult

Abstract Although abundant evidence exists that adverse events during pregnancy lead to chronic conditions, there is limited information on the impact of acute insults such as sepsis. This study tested the hypothesis that impaired fetal development leads to altered organ responses to a septic insult in both male and female adult offspring. Fetal growth restricted (FGR) rats were generated using a maternal protein-restricted diet. Male and female FGR and control diet rats were housed until 150–160 d of age when they were exposed either a saline (control) or a fecal slurry intraperitoneal (Sepsis) injection. After 6 h, livers and lungs were analyzed for inflammation and, additionally, the amounts and function of pulmonary surfactant were measured. The results showed increases in the steady-state mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in the liver in response to the septic insult in both males and females; these responses were not different between FGR and control diet groups. In the lungs, cytokines were not detectable in any of the experimental groups. A significant decrease in the relative amount of surfactant was observed in male FGR offspring, but this was not observed in control males or in female animals. Overall, it is concluded that FGR induced by maternal protein restriction does not impact liver and lung inflammatory response to sepsis in either male or female adult rats. An altered septic response in male FGR offspring with respect to surfactant may imply a contribution to lung dysfunction.

A new species of Chlorociboria (Helotiales, Ascomycota) on herbaceous stems from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
HUAN-DI ZHENG ◽  
WEN-YING ZHUANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Central China ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Light Blue ◽  
Ectal Excipulum ◽  
A New Species

A new species, namely Chlorociboria herbicola, is discovered on herbaceous stems in central China. Morphologically, the new fungus is distinctive by the combination of light blue-green apothecia, rectangular cells in ectal excipulum, and elongate-ellipsoidal ascospores with rounded ends. Phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer and large subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences confirm its ascription in Chlorociboria and distinction from the known species of the genus.

scholarly journals One Health, emerging infectious diseases and wildlife: two decades of progress?

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1725) ◽  
pp. 20160167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Cunningham ◽  
Peter Daszak ◽  
James L. N. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
One Health ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Multiple Species

Infectious diseases affect people, domestic animals and wildlife alike, with many pathogens being able to infect multiple species. Fifty years ago, following the wide-scale manufacture and use of antibiotics and vaccines, it seemed that the battle against infections was being won for the human population. Since then, however, and in addition to increasing antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens, there has been an increase in the emergence of, mostly viral, zoonotic diseases from wildlife, sometimes causing fatal outbreaks of epidemic proportions. Concurrently, infectious disease has been identified as an increasing threat to wildlife conservation. A synthesis published in 2000 showed common anthropogenic drivers of disease threats to biodiversity and human health, including encroachment and destruction of wildlife habitat and the human-assisted spread of pathogens. Almost two decades later, the situation has not changed and, despite improved knowledge of the underlying causes, little has been done at the policy level to address these threats. For the sake of public health and wellbeing, human-kind needs to work better to conserve nature and preserve the ecosystem services, including disease regulation, that biodiversity provides while also understanding and mitigating activities which lead to disease emergence. We consider that holistic, One Health approaches to the management and mitigation of the risks of emerging infectious diseases have the greatest chance of success. This article is part of the themed issue ‘One Health for a changing world: zoonoses, ecosystems and human well-being’.

scholarly journals Aortic depressor nerve morphometry in male and female adult spontaneously hypertensive rats.

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Menezes Amorim ◽  
Jaci Airton Castania ◽  
Helio Cesar Salgado ◽  
Valéria Paula Sassoli Fazan
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Aortic Depressor Nerve ◽  
Nerve Morphometry

258 Comparing Post-hospitalization Global Health Scale Assessments in Male and Female Adult Burn Patients for Quality of Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S96-S96
Author(s):  
N Alver ◽  
K Koetsier ◽  
G Carrougher ◽  
L Muffley ◽  
N Gibran
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Male And Female

scholarly journals Three new species of leaflitter frogs from the upper Amazon forests: cryptic diversity within Pristimantis "ockendeni" (Anura: Strabomantidae) in Ecuador

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1784 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHRYN R. ELMER ◽  
DAVID C. CANNATELLA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Multiple Species

We describe three new species of Pristimantis leaflitter frogs from the upper Amazon basin of Ecuador: Pristimantis achuar, Pristimantis altamnis, and Pristimantis kichwarum. Each of these new species was previously considered to be part of a single species, formerly known as Eleutherodactylus ockendeni (Boulenger) morph B. However, analysis of DNA sequences together with examination of the morphology of more than 600 specimens from Ecuador reveals that multiple species were confused under the same name. The morphological differences among the three new species are subtle but consistent: presence or absence of a black canthal stripe and/or supratympanic ridge, snout-vent length, and ventral colouration. The three species are generally allopatric and geographically restricted, although at some localities two of the species occur sympatrically.Describimos tres especies nuevas de ranas del sotobosque de la cuenca Amazónica Ecuatoriana: Pristimantis achuar, Pristimantis altamnis y Pristimantis kichwarum. Estas especies fueron consideradas antes como una sola especie bajo el nombre Eleutherodactylus ockendeni (Boulenger) morfo B. Sin embargo, el análisis de secuencias de ADN y la examinación de la morfología de más que 600 especímenes Ecuatorianos indican que en realidad existen tres especies. Sus diferencias morfológicas son sutiles pero constantes: presencia o ausencia de una raya cantal negra y/o de un pliegue supratimpánico y su coloración ventral. Las tres especies tienen distribuciones alopátricas y distintas aunque en algunas localidades se puede encontrar dos de las tres especies juntas.

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