scholarly journals Dual-Output Mode Analysis of Multimode Laguerre-Gaussian Beams via Deep Learning

Optics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Xudong Yuan ◽  
Yaguang Xu ◽  
Ruizhi Zhao ◽  
Xuhao Hong ◽  
Ronger Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Optical Communication ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Gaussian Beams ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Mean

The Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam demonstrates great potential for optical communication due to its orthogonality between different eigenstates, and has gained increased research interest in recent years. Here, we propose a dual-output mode analysis method based on deep learning that can accurately obtain both the mode weight and phase information of multimode LG beams. We reconstruct the LG beams based on the result predicted by the convolutional neural network. It shows that the correlation coefficient values after reconstruction are above 0.9999, and the mean absolute error (MAE) of the mode weights and phases are about 1.4 × 10-3 and 2.9 × 10-3, respectively. The model still maintains relatively accurate prediction for the associated unknown data set and the noise-disturbed samples. In addition, the computation time of the model for a single test sample takes only 0.975 ms on average. These results show that our method has good abilities of generalization and robustness and allows for nearly real-time modal analysis.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of Intelligent Inspection and Alarm Flight System for Epidemic Prevention

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Jiwei Fan ◽  
Xiaogang Yang ◽  
Ruitao Lu ◽  
Xueli Xie ◽  
Weipeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Flight System ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
The Mean

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and related technologies have played an active role in the prevention and control of novel coronaviruses at home and abroad, especially in epidemic prevention, surveillance, and elimination. However, the existing UAVs have a single function, limited processing capacity, and poor interaction. To overcome these shortcomings, we designed an intelligent anti-epidemic patrol detection and warning flight system, which integrates UAV autonomous navigation, deep learning, intelligent voice, and other technologies. Based on the convolution neural network and deep learning technology, the system possesses a crowd density detection method and a face mask detection method, which can detect the position of dense crowds. Intelligent voice alarm technology was used to achieve an intelligent alarm system for abnormal situations, such as crowd-gathering areas and people without masks, and to carry out intelligent dissemination of epidemic prevention policies, which provides a powerful technical means for epidemic prevention and delaying their spread. To verify the superiority and feasibility of the system, high-precision online analysis was carried out for the crowd in the inspection area, and pedestrians’ faces were detected on the ground to identify whether they were wearing a mask. The experimental results show that the mean absolute error (MAE) of the crowd density detection was less than 8.4, and the mean average precision (mAP) of face mask detection was 61.42%. The system can provide convenient and accurate evaluation information for decision-makers and meets the requirements of real-time and accurate detection.

Parsing of Urban Facades from 3D Point Clouds Based on a Novel Multi-View Domain

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-293
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yuan Xu ◽  
Yingchao Ren ◽  
Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Data Distribution ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Data Set ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Segmentation Accuracy ◽  
The Mean

Recently, performance improvement in facade parsing from 3D point clouds has been brought about by designing more complex network structures, which cost huge computing resources and do not take full advantage of prior knowledge of facade structure. Instead, from the perspective of data distribution, we construct a new hierarchical mesh multi-view data domain based on the characteristics of facade objects to achieve fusion of deep-learning models and prior knowledge, thereby significantly improving segmentation accuracy. We comprehensively evaluate the current mainstream method on the RueMonge 2014 data set and demonstrate the superiority of our method. The mean intersection-over-union index on the facade-parsing task reached 76.41%, which is 2.75% higher than the current best result. In addition, through comparative experiments, the reasons for the performance improvement of the proposed method are further analyzed.

scholarly journals Statistical Approaches Based on Deep Learning Regression for Verification of Normality of Blood Pressure Estimates

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soojeong Lee ◽  
Gangseong Lee ◽  
Gwanggil Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Standard Normal Distribution ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Statistical Approaches

Oscillometric blood pressure (BP) monitors currently estimate a single point but do not identify variations in response to physiological characteristics. In this paper, to analyze BP’s normality based on oscillometric measurements, we use statistical approaches including kurtosis, skewness, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and correlation tests. Then, to mitigate uncertainties, we use a deep learning method to determine the confidence limits (CLs) of BP measurements based on their normality. The proposed deep learning regression model decreases the standard deviation of error (SDE) of the mean error and the mean absolute error and reduces the uncertainties of the CLs and SDEs of the proposed technique. We validate the normality of the distribution of the BP estimation which fits the standard normal distribution very well. We use a rank test in the deep learning technique to demonstrate the independence of the artificial systolic BP and diastolic BP estimations. We perform statistical tests to verify the normality of the BP measurements for individual subjects. The proposed methodology provides accurate BP estimations and reduces the uncertainties associated with the CLs and SDEs using the deep learning algorithm.

scholarly journals A Predictive Model Implemented in KNIME Based on Learning Analytics for Timely Decision Making in Virtual Learning Environments

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Maraza-Quispe Benjamín ◽  
◽  
Enrique Damián Valderrama-Chauca ◽  
Lenin Henry Cari-Mogrovejo ◽  
Jorge Milton Apaza-Huanca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
The Mean

The present research aims to implement a predictive model in the KNIME platform to analyze and compare the prediction of academic performance using data from a Learning Management System (LMS), identifying students at academic risk in order to generate timely and timely interventions. The CRISP-DM methodology was used, structured in six phases: Problem analysis, data analysis, data understanding, data preparation, modeling, evaluation and implementation. Based on the analysis of online learning behavior through 22 behavioral indicators observed in the LMS of the Faculty of Educational Sciences of the National University of San Agustin. These indicators are distributed in five dimensions: Academic Performance, Access, Homework, Social Aspects and Quizzes. The model has been implemented in the KNIME platform using the Simple Regression Tree Learner training algorithm. The total population consists of 30,000 student records from which a sample of 1,000 records has been taken by simple random sampling. The accuracy of the model for early prediction of students' academic performance is evaluated, the 22 observed behavioral indicators are compared with the means of academic performance in three courses. The prediction results of the implemented model are satisfactory where the mean absolute error compared to the mean of the first course was 3. 813 and with an accuracy of 89.7%, the mean absolute error compared to the mean of the second course was 2.809 with an accuracy of 94.2% and the mean absolute error compared to the mean of the third course was 2.779 with an accuracy of 93.8%. These results demonstrate that the proposed model can be used to predict students' future academic performance from an LMS data set.

scholarly journals Economic factors of electricity transport based on energy consumption forecasting

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 13036
Author(s):  
Anna Grabar ◽  
Darya Starkova ◽  
Olga Soboleva ◽  
Tatyana Kondratyeva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Data Set

Forecasting significance in the energy market is extremely high. Demand for electricity determines the key decisions on its purchase and production, load transfer and transmission control. Over the past few decades, several methods have been developed to accurately predict the future of energy consumption. This article discusses various methods for forecasting energy demand. Three blocks of methods are considered: statistical, methods using artificial intelligence and hybrid. Authors defined the metrics that show the quality of the models and help to compare the results of the models: mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root-mean-square deviation (RMSE), minimum and maximum errors on the test sample. A comparative analysis of forecasting methods has been lunched on the open data set. The best result is obtained using a combined model based on the Lasso regression method. The accuracy and speed of predictions helps to get an economic effect from regulating generation by selling electricity at the peak of consumption.

scholarly journals A novel deep capsule neural network for remaining useful life estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Ruiz-Tagle Palazuelos ◽  
Enrique López Droguett ◽  
Rodrigo Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Fault Diagnostics ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Life Estimation ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Fault Prognostics

With the availability of cheaper multi-sensor systems, one has access to massive and multi-dimensional sensor data for fault diagnostics and prognostics. However, from a time, engineering and computational perspective, it is often cost prohibitive to manually extract useful features and to label all the data. To address these challenges, deep learning techniques have been used in the recent years. Within these, convolutional neural networks have shown remarkable performance in fault diagnostics and prognostics. However, this model present limitations from a prognostics and health management perspective: to improve its feature extraction generalization capabilities and reduce computation time, ill-based pooling operations are employed, which require sub-sampling of the data, thus loosing potentially valuable information regarding an asset’s degradation process. Capsule neural networks have been recently proposed to address these problems with strong results in computer vision–related classification tasks. This has motivated us to extend capsule neural networks for fault prognostics and, in particular, remaining useful life estimation. The proposed model, architecture and algorithm are tested and compared to other state-of-the art deep learning models on the benchmark Commercial Modular Aero Propulsion System Simulation turbofans data set. The results indicate that the proposed capsule neural networks are a promising approach for remaining useful life prognostics from multi-dimensional sensor data.

Aerodynamic Prediction on the Off-Design Performance of a S-CO2 Turbine Based on Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Wang ◽  
Tianyuan Liu ◽  
Di Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Set Size ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The research on the supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle has gradually become a hot spot in recent years. The off-design performance of turbine is an important reference for analyzing the variable operating conditions of the cycle. With the development of deep learning technology, the research of surrogate models based on neural network has received extensive attention. In order to improve the inefficiency in traditional off-design analyses, this research establishes a data-driven deep learning off-design aerodynamic prediction model for a S-CO2 centrifugal turbine, which is based on a deep convolutional neural network. The network can rapidly and adaptively provide dynamic aerodynamic performance prediction results for varying blade profiles and operating conditions. Meanwhile, it can illustrate the mechanism based on the field reconstruction results for the generated aerodynamic performance. The training results show that the off-design aerodynamic prediction convolutional neural network (OAP-CNN) has reduced the mean and maximum error of efficiency prediction compared with the traditional Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Aiming at the off-design conditions, the pressure and temperature distributions with acceptable error can be obtained without a CFD calculation. Besides, the influence of off-design parameters on the efficiency and power can be conveniently acquired, thus providing the reference for an optimized operation strategy. Analyzing the sensitivity of AOP-CNN to training data set size, the prediction accuracy is acceptable when the percentage of training samples exceeds 50%. The minimum error appears when the training data set size is 0.8. The mean and maximum errors are respectively 1.46% and 6.42%. In summary, this research provides a precise and fast aerodynamic performance prediction model in the analyses of off-design conditions for S-CO2 turbomachinery and Brayton cycle.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Based Prediction of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices for a Wide Variety of Polar and Mid-Polar Liquid Stationary Phases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9194
Author(s):  
Dmitriy D. Matyushin ◽  
Anastasia Yu. Sholokhova ◽  
Aleksey K. Buryak
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Retention Index ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Chromatographic Retention ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices ◽  
Chromatographic Retention Indices

Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices based on compound structure is an important task for analytical chemistry. The predicted retention indices can be used as a reference in a mass spectrometry library search despite the fact that their accuracy is worse in comparison with the experimental reference ones. In the last few years, deep learning was applied for this task. The use of deep learning drastically improved the accuracy of retention index prediction for non-polar stationary phases. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time the use of deep learning for retention index prediction on polar (e.g., polyethylene glycol, DB-WAX) and mid-polar (e.g., DB-624, DB-210, DB-1701, OV-17) stationary phases. The achieved accuracy lies in the range of 16–50 in terms of the mean absolute error for several stationary phases and test data sets. We also demonstrate that our approach can be directly applied to the prediction of the second dimension retention times (GC × GC) if a large enough data set is available. The achieved accuracy is considerably better compared with the previous results obtained using linear quantitative structure-retention relationships and ACD ChromGenius software. The source code and pre-trained models are available online.

scholarly journals Cone Beam CT (CBCT) Based Synthetic CT Generation Using Deep Learning Methods for Dose Calculation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Radiotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153303382110624
Author(s):  
Xudong Xue ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
Jun Shi ◽  
Xiaoyu Hao ◽  
Xiangbin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Gamma Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Synthetic Ct

Objective: To generate synthetic CT (sCT) images with high quality from CBCT and planning CT (pCT) for dose calculation by using deep learning methods. Methods: 169 NPC patients with a total of 20926 slices of CBCT and pCT images were included. In this study the CycleGAN, Pix2pix and U-Net models were used to generate the sCT images. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) were used to quantify the accuracy of the proposed models in a testing cohort of 34 patients. Radiation dose were calculated on pCT and sCT following the same protocol. Dose distributions were evaluated for 4 patients by comparing the dose-volume-histogram (DVH) and 2D gamma index analysis. Results: The average MAE and RMSE values between sCT by three models and pCT reduced by 15.4 HU and 26.8 HU at least, while the mean PSNR and SSIM metrics between sCT by different models and pCT added by 10.6 and 0.05 at most, respectively. There were only slight differences for DVH of selected contours between different plans. The passing rates of 2D gamma index analysis under 3 mm/3% 3 mm/2%, 2 mm/3%and 2 mm/2% criteria were all higher than 95%. Conclusions: All the sCT had achieved better evaluation metrics than those of original CBCT, while the performance of CycleGAN model was proved to be best among three methods. The dosimetric agreement confirmed the HU accuracy and consistent anatomical structures of sCT by deep learning methods.

scholarly journals Cross-Racial Automatic Age Estimation from Facial Images using Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1288-1294
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Facial Images ◽  
Facial Age

This paper presents a deep learning approach for age estimation of human beings using their facial images. The different racial groups based on skin colour have been incorporated in the annotations of the images in the dataset, while ensuring an adequate distribution of subjects across the racial groups so as to achieve an accurate Automatic Facial Age Estimation (AFAE). The principle of transfer learning is applied to the ResNet50 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) initially pretrained for the task of object classification and finetuning it’s hyperparameters to propose an AFAE system that can be used to automate ages of humans across multiple racial groups. The mean absolute error of 4.25 years is obtained at the end of the research which proved the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.

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