scholarly journals Effects of Maternal Low-Energy Diet during Gestation on Intestinal Morphology, Disaccharidase Activity, and Immune Response to Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in Pig Offspring

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Chen ◽  
Daolin Mou ◽  
Liang Hu ◽  
Jie Zhen ◽  
Lianqiang Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Disaccharidase Activity ◽  
Low Energy Diet ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Challenge

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Xylanase and Arabinofuranosidase Combination on the Growth Performance, Lipid Peroxidation, Blood Constituents, and Immune Response of Broilers Fed Low-Energy Diets

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Saleh ◽  
Abeer A. Kirrella ◽  
Safaa E. Abdo ◽  
Mahmoud M. Mousa ◽  
Nemat A. Badwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Low Energy Diet ◽  
Fat Digestibility

The present study was conducted to examine that impact of dietary xylanase (Xyl) and arabinofuranosidase (Abf) supplementation on the performance, protein and fat digestibility, the lipid peroxidation, the plasma biochemical traits, and the immune response of broilers. A total of 480, un-sexed, and one-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were randomly divided into three treatments with eight replicates, where chicks in the first treatment were fed basal diets and served as the control, chicks in the second treatment were fed diets formulated with reductions of 90 kcal/kg, and chicks in the third treatment were fed the same formulated diets used in the second group as well as the Xyl and Abf combination (Rovabio® Advance). Feed intake was decreased by the low energy diet, leading to an enhancement in feed efficiency enzyme supplementation in the low energy diet (p < 0.015). Both protein and fat digestibility were improved (p < 0.047) due to enzyme supplementation. Moreover, enzyme supplementation increased muscle total lipids content and decreased muscle thiobarbituric acid retroactive substance content. Furthermore, diets supplemented with Xyl and Abf exhibited an increase in antibody titers against the Newcastle disease virus (p < 0.026). In addition, enzyme supplementation increased gene expression related to growth and gene expression related to fatty acid synthesis. It could be concluded that dietary Xyl and Abf supplementation had beneficial impacts on growth, nutrient digestibility, lipid peroxidation, immune response, and gene expressions related to growth and fatty acid synthesis in broiler chickens fed low-energy diets.

scholarly journals PSXIII-23 Dietary glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate supplementation improves morphology and intercellular junction of small intestine in piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 472-474
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Bi E Tan ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
Ming Qi ◽  
Wenkai Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Abstract Weaning-stress decreases the digestive and absorptive capacity of small intestine in piglets, resulting in reduction in energy intake for intestine cells and defects in epithelial structure. As glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (Asp) are major energy sources for small intestine; thus, this study was conducted to test the hypotheses that supplementation with Gln, Glu, and Asp in diets will improve the intestinal morphology and tight junction in weaning piglets. 198 weaned piglets were assigned to the following treatments: i) Control (Basal diet + 1.59% L-Alanine); ii) T1 (Basal diet + 1% L-Glutamine + 0.5% L-Glutamate + 0.1% L-Aspartate); iii) T2 (Low energy diet + 1% L-Glutamine + 0.5% L-Glutamate + 0.1% L-Aspartate). The small intestinal samples were obtained on 5 or 21-day-post-weaning. The results showed that basal dietary supplementation with Gln, Glu, and Asp in basal diet improved the final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) of piglets on 21-day of post-weaning. Supplementation with Gln, Glu, and Asp in diet with low energy decreased the villus height and crypt depth in ileum of piglets on 5-day-post-weaning, but increased villus height and goblet cell number in jejunum on 21-day post-weaning compared with those in control group. On 5-day-post-weaning, high mRNA levels of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) 1.1 in ileum and Kv 1.5 in jejunum were observed in T 1 and T 2 groups, respectively. Other indicators were higher than those in control piglets on day 5 or 21 post-weaning, including protein abundances of claudin-1, laudin-3 and occluding, and the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in jejunum and ileum in T 1 or T 2 groups. Collectively, these findings indicated that Gln, Glu, and Asp can alleviate the intestinal barrier injury in piglets induced by weaning stress even under low energy diet.

scholarly journals Effects of a Combination of Lysolecithin, Synthetic Emulsifier, and Monoglycerides on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, and Selected Carcass Traits in Broilers Fed Low-Energy Diets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3037
Author(s):  
Abdallah Ghazalah ◽  
Mamdouh Abd-Elsamee ◽  
Moataz Ibrahim ◽  
Sherein S. Abdelgayed ◽  
Mohamed Abdelkader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Low Energy Diet

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementing a combination of lysolecithin, synthetic emulsifier, and monoglycerides (LEX) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and selected carcass traits in broilers fed low-energy diets without added oil. Three hundred one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers (40.3 ± 3.3 g) were assigned to two dietary treatments with six replicates of 25 birds each and were fed a control low-energy diet without added oil supplemented with 0 and 250 g/t of LEX for 30 days. Growth performance was measured and recorded throughout the study. At slaughter, 60 birds per treatment were used to assess the effect of LEX on the carcass traits. Final average body weight and feed conversion ratio were improved (p < 0.05) in LEX treated birds compared to control. LEX supplementation was linked to higher (p < 0.05) carcass weight and yield and to lower (p < 0.05) abdominal fat and liver weight. Moisture content was higher (p < 0.05) in ground deboned broilers from LEX treatment. Villus height was increased (p < 0.05), and crypt depth reduced (p < 0.05) in the jejunum of birds treated with LEX. This study demonstrates that supplementation of LEX to a low-energy diet without added oil improved performance, carcass weight and yield, reduced abdominal fat deposition, and improved intestinal morphology in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Glutamine, Glutamate, and Aspartate Improves Morphology and Energy Production of Small Intestine in Piglets with Different Energy Levels Diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Ming Qi ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
Bie Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Abstract Background: Weaning-stress may cause reduced energy intake for maintenance of mucosal structure. Glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (Asp) are major energy sources for small intestine. This study investigated whether Gln, Glu, and Asp improve the intestinal morphology via regulating the energy metabolism in weaning-piglet. A total of 198 weaned-piglets were assigned to the following treatments: Control (Basal diet + 1.59% L-Alanine); T1 (Basal diet + 1% L-Gln + 0.5% L-Glu + 0.1% L-Asp); T2 (Low energy diet + 1% L-Gln + 0.5% L-Glu + 0.1% L-Asp). Jejunum and ileum were obtained on d-5 or d-21 post-weaning. Results: Improved growth performance on d-21 post-weaning were observed in T1 treatment. Both T1 and T2 treatments improved small intestinal morphology by increasing villus height, goblet cell number and decreasing crypt depth on d 5 or d-21 post-weaning. Gln, Glu, and Asp could restore the small intestinal energy homeostasis via replenishing the Krebs’ cycle and down-regulate the AMPK pathway. However, when piglets fed by a low energy diet, Gln, Glu, and Asp are not sufficient to maintain the intestinal energy balance on d-5 post-weaning so that the AMPK, beta-oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis are activated to meet the high energy demand of enterocytes. Conclusion: These data indicated that Gln, Glu, and Asp could restore the energy homeostasis of intestinal mucosa of piglets. And the mucosal energy metabolism showed different responses to the intervention of Gln, Glu, and Asp in piglets with a low energy diet between d5 and d21 post-weaning. These findings provide new information on the nutritional intervention for the insufficient energy intake in weaning-piglet.

scholarly journals Effects of commercial organic acid blends on male broilers challenged with E. coli K88: Performance, microbiology, intestinal morphology, and immune response

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 3254-3263 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Khodambashi Emami ◽  
A. Daneshmand ◽  
S. Zafari Naeini ◽  
E.N. Graystone ◽  
L.J. Broom
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
E Coli

scholarly journals Comparison of Very Low Energy Diet Products Available in Australia and How to Tailor Them to Optimise Protein Content for Younger and Older Adult Men and Women

Healthcare ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Gibson ◽  
Janet Franklin ◽  
Andrea Pattinson ◽  
Zilvia Cheng ◽  
Samir Samman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Very Low Energy Diet ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Low Energy Diet

The efficiency of food utilization for egg production by pullets and yearling hens

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Low Energy Diet

1. The efficiency of food conversion by pullets and yearlings fed on high- and low-energy diets has been determined.2. Egg production was slightly higher by birds fed the low-energy diet for both pullets and yearling hens; pullets laid more eggs than yearling hens.3. For each age, the gross food intake was greater for birds fed the low-energy diet; the consumptions of digestible protein, non-protein digestible energy and metabolizable energy were the same for both diets and both ages of bird.4. The food cost per dozen eggs was slightly greater in the yearling year when the cost of rearing the pullets was ignored, and about the same when it was included.5. The efficiency of utilization of digestible energy and protein showed only a slight decrease from the pullet to the yearling year.6. The variation in the composition and digestibility of eighteen consecutive mixes of the highenergy diet and twenty-five of the low-energy diet was: crude protein 2%, non-protein digestible energy 5% and metabolizable energy 0·4 kg. cal./g. The digestibility of the crude protein and oil was 87%, for both diets; carbohydrates were 81% digestible in the high-energy diet and 59% in the low-energy diet.

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