Effects of essential oil supplementation of a low-energy diet on performance, intestinal morphology and microflora, immune properties and antioxidant activities in weaned pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhikai Zeng ◽  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Panfeng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Low Energy Diet

scholarly journals PSXIII-23 Dietary glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate supplementation improves morphology and intercellular junction of small intestine in piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 472-474
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Bi E Tan ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
Ming Qi ◽  
Wenkai Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Abstract Weaning-stress decreases the digestive and absorptive capacity of small intestine in piglets, resulting in reduction in energy intake for intestine cells and defects in epithelial structure. As glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (Asp) are major energy sources for small intestine; thus, this study was conducted to test the hypotheses that supplementation with Gln, Glu, and Asp in diets will improve the intestinal morphology and tight junction in weaning piglets. 198 weaned piglets were assigned to the following treatments: i) Control (Basal diet + 1.59% L-Alanine); ii) T1 (Basal diet + 1% L-Glutamine + 0.5% L-Glutamate + 0.1% L-Aspartate); iii) T2 (Low energy diet + 1% L-Glutamine + 0.5% L-Glutamate + 0.1% L-Aspartate). The small intestinal samples were obtained on 5 or 21-day-post-weaning. The results showed that basal dietary supplementation with Gln, Glu, and Asp in basal diet improved the final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) of piglets on 21-day of post-weaning. Supplementation with Gln, Glu, and Asp in diet with low energy decreased the villus height and crypt depth in ileum of piglets on 5-day-post-weaning, but increased villus height and goblet cell number in jejunum on 21-day post-weaning compared with those in control group. On 5-day-post-weaning, high mRNA levels of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) 1.1 in ileum and Kv 1.5 in jejunum were observed in T 1 and T 2 groups, respectively. Other indicators were higher than those in control piglets on day 5 or 21 post-weaning, including protein abundances of claudin-1, laudin-3 and occluding, and the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in jejunum and ileum in T 1 or T 2 groups. Collectively, these findings indicated that Gln, Glu, and Asp can alleviate the intestinal barrier injury in piglets induced by weaning stress even under low energy diet.

scholarly journals Effects of a Combination of Lysolecithin, Synthetic Emulsifier, and Monoglycerides on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, and Selected Carcass Traits in Broilers Fed Low-Energy Diets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3037
Author(s):  
Abdallah Ghazalah ◽  
Mamdouh Abd-Elsamee ◽  
Moataz Ibrahim ◽  
Sherein S. Abdelgayed ◽  
Mohamed Abdelkader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Low Energy Diet

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementing a combination of lysolecithin, synthetic emulsifier, and monoglycerides (LEX) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and selected carcass traits in broilers fed low-energy diets without added oil. Three hundred one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers (40.3 ± 3.3 g) were assigned to two dietary treatments with six replicates of 25 birds each and were fed a control low-energy diet without added oil supplemented with 0 and 250 g/t of LEX for 30 days. Growth performance was measured and recorded throughout the study. At slaughter, 60 birds per treatment were used to assess the effect of LEX on the carcass traits. Final average body weight and feed conversion ratio were improved (p < 0.05) in LEX treated birds compared to control. LEX supplementation was linked to higher (p < 0.05) carcass weight and yield and to lower (p < 0.05) abdominal fat and liver weight. Moisture content was higher (p < 0.05) in ground deboned broilers from LEX treatment. Villus height was increased (p < 0.05), and crypt depth reduced (p < 0.05) in the jejunum of birds treated with LEX. This study demonstrates that supplementation of LEX to a low-energy diet without added oil improved performance, carcass weight and yield, reduced abdominal fat deposition, and improved intestinal morphology in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Glutamine, Glutamate, and Aspartate Improves Morphology and Energy Production of Small Intestine in Piglets with Different Energy Levels Diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Ming Qi ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
Bie Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Abstract Background: Weaning-stress may cause reduced energy intake for maintenance of mucosal structure. Glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (Asp) are major energy sources for small intestine. This study investigated whether Gln, Glu, and Asp improve the intestinal morphology via regulating the energy metabolism in weaning-piglet. A total of 198 weaned-piglets were assigned to the following treatments: Control (Basal diet + 1.59% L-Alanine); T1 (Basal diet + 1% L-Gln + 0.5% L-Glu + 0.1% L-Asp); T2 (Low energy diet + 1% L-Gln + 0.5% L-Glu + 0.1% L-Asp). Jejunum and ileum were obtained on d-5 or d-21 post-weaning. Results: Improved growth performance on d-21 post-weaning were observed in T1 treatment. Both T1 and T2 treatments improved small intestinal morphology by increasing villus height, goblet cell number and decreasing crypt depth on d 5 or d-21 post-weaning. Gln, Glu, and Asp could restore the small intestinal energy homeostasis via replenishing the Krebs’ cycle and down-regulate the AMPK pathway. However, when piglets fed by a low energy diet, Gln, Glu, and Asp are not sufficient to maintain the intestinal energy balance on d-5 post-weaning so that the AMPK, beta-oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis are activated to meet the high energy demand of enterocytes. Conclusion: These data indicated that Gln, Glu, and Asp could restore the energy homeostasis of intestinal mucosa of piglets. And the mucosal energy metabolism showed different responses to the intervention of Gln, Glu, and Asp in piglets with a low energy diet between d5 and d21 post-weaning. These findings provide new information on the nutritional intervention for the insufficient energy intake in weaning-piglet.

Chemical variability and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Ammoides verticillata and the roots of Carthamus caeruleus and their synergistic effect in combination

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Rihab Mami ◽  
Noria Merad-Boussalah ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽  
Boufeldja Tabti ◽  
Jean Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Ammoides Verticillata

Aim and Objective: Oxidative stress is implicated in the development and progression of many disease. Some of appropriate actions that could be initiated to taken to resolve the problem of these diseases are search for new antioxidant substances isolated from plants. The aims of this study were to study the intraspecies variations of A. verticillata and C. caeruleus essential oils from 8 locations using statistical analysis, the in vitro antioxidant properties of collective essential oils and in combinations. Materials and Methods: The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The intraspecies variations of the essential oil compositions were discussed using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). The antioxidant properties were evaluated DPPH-radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching test. Results: The main components of Ammoides verticillata collective essential oil (Coll EO) were thymol (30.5%), carvacrol (23.2%), p-cymene (13.1%), limonene (12.5%) and terpinene-4-ol (12.3%). While roots of Carthamus caeruleus essential oil were dominated by carline oxide (86.2%). The chemical variability allowed the discrimination of two main Groups for both Coll EOs. A direct correlation between the altitudes, climate and the chemical compositions was evidenced. Ammoides verticulata and Carthamus caeruleus Coll Eos showed good antioxidant activity. In binary mixture, the interaction both Coll Eos and between oils rich of thymol and/or carvacrol with carlina oxide produced the best synergistic effects, compared to individual essential oils and the synthetic antioxidant (BHT). Conclusion: Ammoides verticillata and Carthamus caeruleus essential oil blends can be used as a natural food preservative and alternative to chemical antioxidants.

Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Ziziphora ‎clinopodiodes essential oil eluted at different times

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojgan Alizadeh ◽  
Akram Arianfar ◽  
Ameneh Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Citronellic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activity

Objective: Ziziphora clinopodioides is an edible medicinal plant belongs to the Labiatae family that widespread all over Iran. It used as culinary and also in cold and cough treatments in Iran. The aim of present work was to evaluate the effect of different timeframes during the hydrodistillation on essential oil composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: The essential oil of Z. clinopodiodes was extracted via hydrodistillation with Clevenger apparatus. The fractions of essential oil were captured at 6 times from the beginning of the distillation: (10, 20, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min). The fractions of essential oil were analyzed by GC/MS and their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities were studied by Disk - well diffusion and DPPH methods respectively. Results: Six distillation times and whole essential oil were captured during the hydrodistillation. Essential oil yield dropped off significantly during distillation progressed (1.0% for 10 min and 0.025 for 240 min). 1,8 Cineol, Isomenthone, Pulegone, Piperitenone and Citronellic acid were major compounds in fractions and they were affected by distillation times. Pulegone was major compound in all of essential oils. In antioxidant activity assay, whole essential oil was stronger than was stronger than positive control and fractions of essential oil, because of higher levels of Isomenthone, Piperitenone and Citronellic acid. Strongest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans was observed from 10 min fraction. Conclusion: Our results indicated that distillation time can create essential oils with specific properties and we can achieve to more efficient essential oil in short times.

Biological Activities of Carlina Oxide Isolated from the Roots of Carthamus caeruleus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Rihab Mami ◽  
Rania Belabbes ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽  
Boufeldja Tabti ◽  
Jean Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Antioxidant Power

Background: Carthamus caeruleus belongs to the Asteraceae family. The roots are traditionally used as healing agents. They help to heal burns and treat skin diseases. They are also used against joint inflammation and are very effective against diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome for cancer patients. Objectives: The purpose of this work was i) to study the chemical composition of i) the essential oil and hydrosol extract of Carthamus caeruleus, ii) to isolate the major component of both extracts and iii) to evaluate their antioxidant, antifungal and insecticidal activities. Methods: The essential oil and hydrosol extract obtained from the roots were studied by GC and GC/MS. The antioxidant activities were performed using two different methods i) Radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and ii) the Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), using BHT as a positive control. Whereas, the antifungal activity of the essential oil and Carlina oxide was investigated against plant fungi. The fumigation toxicity of C. caeruleus essential oil besides Carlina oxide was evaluated against adults of Bactrocera oleae better known as the olive fly. Results: The essential oil and hydrosol extract were mainly represented by acetylenic compounds such as carline oxide and 13-methoxy carline oxide. Carlina oxide was isolated and identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic means. The results showed that Carlina oxide presented interesting antioxidant and antifungal properties, while C. caeruleus root essential oil had better insecticidal activity. Furthermore, Carlina oxide has demonstrated promising in vivo antifungal activity to control infection of apples by Penicillium expansum. Conclusion: Carlina oxide can be used as a natural food preservative and alternative to chemical fungicides to protect stored apple against Penicillium expansum.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document