scholarly journals A Research Communication Brief: Gluten Analysis in Beef Samples Collected Using a Rigorous, Nationally Representative Sampling Protocol Confirms That Grain-Finished Beef Is Naturally Gluten-Free

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 936
Author(s):  
Shalene McNeill ◽  
Amy Cifelli ◽  
Janet Roseland ◽  
Keith Belk ◽  
Dale Woerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gluten Free ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Gluten Analysis ◽  
Nationally Representative

Effect of Sampling Protocol on Estimates of Phosphorus and Chlorophyll Concentrations in Lakes of Low to Moderate Trophic Status

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1979-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheline Hanna ◽  
Robert Henry Peters
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Site ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
A Minor ◽  
High Uncertainty ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentrations

Methods of sampling lake phosphorus and chlorophyll concentrations were assessed by comparing mean values for 16 lake basins in southern Quebec. Integrating tube and discrete-depth samples were analyzed to yield six different subsurface, depth-integrated, and volume-weighted average values representing epilimnetic, euphotic, and trophogenic zones. The different protocols were found to be similarly precise. Epilimnetic samples yield low values, while trophogenic samples yield high ones; however, the differences in protocol accounted for less than 50%. Analysis of variance associated most of the uncertainty in these estimates with lake and sampling date and showed that sampling site rarely had a significant effect. Year had only a minor effect, but interannual variation is probably underestimated, since these data represent only two years. These patterns suggest that representative sampling for a given lake requires only a single sample per visit but several visits within a season. Since chlorophyll varied more spatially than phosphorus, sampling protocol affects its estimates to a greater extent. Phosphorus–chlorophyll regressions based on data collected in different ways were very similar, so differences in protocol and sampling depth seem unlikely to contribute to the high uncertainty in existing phosphorus response models.

Detection of gluten in duplicate portions to determine gluten intake of coeliac disease patients on a gluten-free diet

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
H. J. van der Fels-Klerx ◽  
N. G. E. Smits ◽  
M. G. E. G. Bremer ◽  
J. M. Schultink ◽  
M. M. Nijkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Gluten Analysis ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Daily Intakes

Abstract This study determined the gluten content of foods and meals consumed by coeliac disease (CD) patients who adhere to a gluten-free diet, and to estimate the total daily intake of gluten of these patients. CD patients fulfilling defined inclusion criteria were preselected and approached for participation in the study. Duplicate portions (DP) of foods and mixed dishes were collected from the CD patients for evaluating complete daily food intake during two individual days. Also, for these days, written food records were completed by the participants. From each DP, a laboratory sample was prepared and analysed for its gluten concentration and total daily gluten intake was calculated. Each individual’s total daily intakes of energy and macronutrients were calculated using the Dutch food composition database. In total, twenty-seven CD patients participated, seven males and twenty females, aged between 21 and 64 years. In thirty-two (6 %) of 499 food samples collected in total, more than 3 mg/kg gluten was present. In four of these thirty-two samples, the gluten concentration was above the European legal limit of 20 mg/kg and three of the four samples had a gluten-free label. The maximal gluten intake was 3·3 mg gluten/d. The gluten tolerance for sensitive CD patients (>0·75 mg/d) was exceeded on at least six out of fifty-four study days. To also protect these sensitive CD patients, legal thresholds should be re-evaluated and the detection limit of analytical methods for gluten analysis lowered.

scholarly journals Speed of eating and 3-year BMI change: a nationwide prospective study of mid-age women

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sook Ling Leong ◽  
Andrew Gray ◽  
Caroline C Horwath
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Speed Of Eating

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct the first nationwide population survey to examine the associations between changes in speed of eating and weight gain over 3 years. The study also explored whether faster eating at baseline was related to healthy-weight women becoming overweight after 3 years.DesignLongitudinal. At baseline, participants were randomly selected from a nationally representative sampling frame to participate in a prospective study. Women completed self-administered baseline questionnaires on demographic and health measures. Self-reported speed of eating, smoking status, physical activity, menopause status, and height and weight were collected at baseline and again 3 years later.SettingNationwide study, New Zealand.SubjectsWomen (n 1601) aged 40–50 years were recruited at baseline from New Zealand electoral rolls.ResultsThere was no evidence of associations between 3-year BMI adjusting for baseline BMI and either baseline speed of eating (slower and faster; P=0·524) or change in speed of eating (consistently faster eating, consistently slower eating, slower eating at baseline but not at 3 years, faster eating at baseline but not at 3 years; P=0·845). Of the 488 women with healthy BMI (18·5 to <25·0 kg/m2) at baseline, seventy-seven (15·8 %) became overweight (BMI≥25·0 kg/m2) after 3 years. Compared with those who were slower eaters at baseline, faster eating at baseline did not increase the risk of becoming overweight 3 years later (P=0·958) nor did change in speed of eating (P=0·236).ConclusionsResults suggest that once women have reached mid-life, faster eating does not predict further weight gain.

scholarly journals Gluten Assessment in Beers: Comparison by Different Commercial ELISA Kits and Evaluation of NIR Analysis as a Complementary Technique

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1170
Author(s):  
María del Pilar Fernández-Gil ◽  
Edurne Simon ◽  
Anna Gibert ◽  
Jonatan Miranda ◽  
Esther Roger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Complementary Technique ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Gluten Analysis ◽  
Elisa Technique

Traditionally, beers are made with gluten-containing cereals. It is crucial to have rapid analytical methodologies that allow gluten content control of the beers for celiac consumers. We assess the content of gluten in 65 conventional and 41 gluten-free labeled beers commercialized in Europe and compare the results in a subgroup of 71 beers with three ELISA kits. This research allows gathering information on the potential complementary utility of NIR analysis applied to gluten analysis of gluten-free beers in terms of time saving. Results obtained with the ELISA technique identified competitive R5 to be the most sensitive in detecting the prolamins, by eliciting a higher number of beers containing gluten above 20 mg/kg. The gluten content in conventional beers tested increased with the presence of wheat as raw material and with the use of ale-type yeasts. By using competitive R5, 3 out of the 41 gluten-free labeled beers appeared to contain gluten above 20 mg/kg, and conversely, 15 out of 65 of the conventional beers showed a gluten content below this threshold. According to our approaches, NIR did not achieve a suitable correlation with ELISA results, neither for gluten quantification nor for discrimination, and therefore, it cannot be proposed as a complementary technique.

scholarly journals National Risk of Zinc Deficiency as Estimated by National Surveys

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Y. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Republic

Background: Information is needed on the national prevalence of zinc deficiency to guide program development and evaluation. Objective: To summarize results of national surveys that assessed plasma or serum zinc concentrations (PZC) and compare the prevalence of low PZC with other methods used to estimate countries’ risk of zinc deficiency. Methods: National surveys that included PZC were identified through Internet searches and personal contacts. A survey was eligible if a nationally representative sampling scheme was used, PZC was analyzed, and the survey was implemented in a low- or middle-income country. Twenty surveys were eligible; 19 countries assessed PZC in young children and 14 in women of reproductive age. Results: In 13 of the 19 surveys, the prevalence of low PZC in children was >20%. Only Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Nigeria, the Republic of Maldives, Sri Lanka, and China found a low prevalence of inadequate PZC among children. Some of these conclusions may be due to the lower than recommended cutoff that was used. Similarly, in 13 of 14 surveys, the prevalence of low PZC in women was >20%. Estimates of percentage population with inadequate dietary zinc intake based on food balance sheets underestimate the risk of zinc deficiency. The national stunting prevalence seems to be a useful proxy, as both indicators categorized countries similarly into high versus low risk of zinc deficiency, with some exceptions. Conclusions: Results from 20 countries suggest that zinc deficiency is a public health concern in the majority of these countries and zinc intervention strategies should be considered.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes among Children Aged 11-14 Years Old in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Duong H. Phan ◽  
Vuong V. Do ◽  
Long Q. Khuong ◽  
Hung T. Nguyen ◽  
Hoang V. Minh
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Nationally Representative

Aim. Diabetes in children is becoming more prevalent in some countries. However, in most countries, little is known about the epidemiology of this disease. This study is aimed at estimating the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and prediabetes among children in Vietnam and examining factors associated with the conditions. Methods. A total of 2880 students aged 11-14 years old were recruited for the survey, using a school-based and nationally representative sampling frame. Capillary blood samples of participants were collected to measure fasting glucose level, using glucose meter OneTouch Verio Pro+. Diabetes and impaired fasting plasma glucose were initially diagnosed based on the cut-off points of the American Diabetes Association criteria. Diabetes status and type of diabetes of participants were confirmed at a hospital. Additionally, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were conducted following a standardized procedure. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between outcome and independent variables. Results. The overall prevalence of diabetes among the participants was 1.04‰ (three cases), with 2 cases (0.75‰) diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (one known and one newly diagnosed) and 1 case newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (0.35‰). The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 6.1%. Body mass index, place of residence, and age were found to be significantly associated with the impaired fasting glucose condition in participants. Conclusion. The prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children in Vietnam is lower than that in some other countries reported recently. However, there is a high prevalence in impaired fasting glucose, requiring attention from policymakers to take action to prevent the occurrence of the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in children in the future.

Chemical Classification and Particle Sizing of Foundry Sands

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
D.S. DeMiglio
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Foundry Sands ◽  
Large Atomic Number ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Sand Particles ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Reclamation System

Much progress has been made in recent years towards the development of closed-loop foundry sand reclamation systems. However, virtually all work to date has determined the effectiveness of these systems to remove surface clay and metal oxide scales by a qualitative inspection of a representative sampling of sand particles. In this investigation, particles from a series of foundry sands were sized and chemically classified by a Lemont image analysis system (which was interfaced with an SEM and an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer) in order to statistically document the effectiveness of a reclamation system developed by The Pangborn Company - a subsidiary of SOHIO.The following samples were submitted: unreclaimed sand; calcined sand; calcined & mechanically scrubbed sand and unused sand. Prior to analysis, each sample was sprinkled onto a carbon mount and coated with an evaporated film of carbon. A backscattered electron photomicrograph of a field of scale-covered particles is shown in Figure 1. Due to a large atomic number difference between sand particles and the carbon mount, the backscattered electron signal was used for image analysis since it had a uniform contrast over the shape of each particle.

Studies of Celiac Sprue. IV. The Response of the Whole Length of the Small Bowel to a Gluten-Free Diet

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.C. MacDonald ◽  
L.L. Brandborg ◽  
A.L. Flick ◽  
J.S. Trier ◽  
C.E. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Celiac Sprue ◽  
Gluten Free
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