scholarly journals Familial Resemblance in Dietary Intakes of Children, Adolescents, and Parents: Does Dietary Quality Play a Role?

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Bogl ◽  
Karri Silventoinen ◽  
Antje Hebestreit ◽  
Timm Intemann ◽  
Garrath Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Familial Resemblance

scholarly journals Pregnant Women Living with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of Dietary Quality and Pregnancy Outcomes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1652
Author(s):  
Margaret Charnley ◽  
Lisa Newson ◽  
Andrew Weeks ◽  
Julie Abayomi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional

Good maternal nutrition is key to optimal maternal and foetal health. A poor-quality diet is often associated with obesity, and the prevalence and severity of maternal obesity has increased significantly in recent years. This study observed dietary intakes in pregnant women living with obesity and assessed the quality of their diet. In total, 140 women with a singleton pregnancy, aged > 18 years and BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, were recruited from antenatal clinics, weighed and completed food diaries at 16-, 28- and 36-weeks’ gestation. Clinical data were recorded directly from the women’s medical records. Nutrient intake was determined using ‘MicrodietTM’, then compared to Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). Energy intakes were comparable with DRVs, but intakes of sugar and saturated fatty acids were significantly higher. Intake of fibre and several key micronutrients (Iron, Iodine, Folate and Vitamin D) were significantly low. Several adverse obstetric outcomes were higher than the general obstetric population. Women with obesity, often considered ‘over nourished’, may have diets deficient in essential micronutrients, often associated with poor obstetric outcomes. To address the intergenerational transmission of poor health via poor diets warrants a multi-disciplinary approach focusing away from ‘dieting’ onto positive messages, emphasising key nutrients required for good maternal and foetal health.

scholarly journals Biomarkers in the Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal Axis Were Associated with Maternal Psychosocial Stress and Choline Intake and Status During Pregnancy (P11-011-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chauntelle Jack-Roberts ◽  
Patricia Maples ◽  
Anjana Saxena ◽  
Mudar Dalloul ◽  
John Kral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Neighborhood Stress

Abstract Objectives Maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy can lead to heightened activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, increasing the risk of pre-term birth, intrauterine restriction, and preeclampsia. Maternal dietary intakes and nutrition status modify epigenetic marks in the placental and fetal HPA axis, which may then counter the negative influence of maternal stress. This study aims to determine the correlation of maternal psychosocial stress and nutrient intakes with biomarkers of HPA axis activity in human pregnancies. Methods Pregnant women (n = 60) were recruited to this observational study. Psychosocial stress survey, dietary recalls and blood samples were obtained in the 3rd trimester. Placentas and cord blood were retrieved at delivery. Results Maternal financial stress, neighborhood stress, and anxiety were positively or tended to be positively associated with maternal blood cortisol levels (P = 0.01-0.08), although none of the psychosocial stress measurements were correlated with placental corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), or 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11BHSD) expression. Placental NR3C1 expression was positively associated with birth weight (r = 0.42, P = 0.02) while placental CRH was negatively associated with gestational length (r = –0.45, P = 0.01). Overall dietary quality as measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was not associated with psychosocial stress or related biomarkers, while intakes of the methyl donor choline (r = 0.46, P = 0.04) and omega-3 fatty acids (r = 0.47, P = 0.03) were positively associated with placental NR3C1 expression. Placental choline content was also positively associated with NR3C1 expression (r = 0.39, P = 0.04) and negatively associated with maternal neighborhood stress (r = –0.72, P = 0.02). Conclusions In summary, these data suggest that maternal psychosocial stress may adversely affect HPA axis functioning during pregnancy, whereas choline and other nutrients have the potential to counteract some of the impacts of psychosocial stress. Funding Sources CUNY Interdisciplinary Research Grant.

scholarly journals Association of meal timing with dietary quality in a Serbian population sample

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zora Djuric ◽  
Marina Nikolic ◽  
Milica Zekovic ◽  
Melissa Plegue ◽  
Marija Glibetic
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background The world-wide adoption of Western lifestyles and eating patterns is associated with adverse effects on nutrient intakes. Here we evaluated the relationships between timing of meals and diet quality in Serbia, a Balkan country with a traditional eating pattern that includes the largest meal of the day as a late lunch. Methods A dietary survey was done in the Republic of Serbia using a nationally-representative sample of 74 children and 260 non-pregnant adults. Nutrient intakes were calculated from two 24-h recalls. A Dietary Quality Score (DQS) enumerated how many European Union (EU) Science Hub recommendations were met for fruit and vegetables, fiber, saturated fat, sodium, and sugar. We evaluated whether the timing of dietary intakes is associated with DQS and body mass index. Results The dietary intakes of children ages 10–17 and adults were similar and were high in total fat intake, with an average of 40% of energy from fat. Mean fruit and vegetable intakes of 473 g/day in adults exceeded the minimal EU recommendation. The most worrisome aspects of the Serbian diet were high intakes of saturated fat, sugar and sodium. Lunch was the meal with the highest mean content of energy, followed by breakfast and dinner, and the average time for lunch was 15:15. Consumption of a higher percentage of calories before 16:00 in adults was associated with higher fruit and vegetable intakes and with higher DQS. The subgroup of adults consuming their largest meal after 20:00 had a lower mean age, more men, and a larger percentage was employed outside of the home. There were no associations of meal timing with BMI, but the prevalence of obesity in this population sample was only 13%. Conclusions These results indicate that an earlier meal pattern, and especially consuming the largest meal of the day earlier in the day, was associated with better quality diets. Public health efforts are needed to preserve nutrient intakes as the population shifts away from the traditional Serbian eating pattern. Long-term, deterioration of nutrient intakes could contribute to the increasing rates of obesity that have been observed in Serbia and world-wide.

scholarly journals “I feel like eating rice 24 hours per day, 7 days a week”: A Study of Dietary Diversity Among Asylum Seekers in Norway (OR21-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun Henjum ◽  
Laura Terragni
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Adequate Food

Abstract Objectives Poor nutrition and food insecurity is highly prevalent among asylum seekers residing in western countries. Lack of economic resources, unfamiliarity with new foods, and language barriers are some challenges that asylum seekers encounter upon resettlement. Despite the importance of an adequate diet for good health, limited knowledge, exist on food intake and dietary quality among asylum seekers. We described dietary intake and assessed dietary quality among asylum seekers at Norwegian reception centers. Methods In 2017, a cross-sectional study in eight ordinary asylum reception centers in the South Eastern part of Norway were performed and 205 asylum seekers (131 men and 74 women) were included. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-hour dietary recall and dietary diversity score (DDS) calculated according to FAO and FANTA, 2014. In addition, field notes of the asylum seekers thoughts on dietary intake and living condition provided contextual aspects of their nutritional situation. Results Two-third of the asylum seekers had dietary intakes with low quality; they ate from less than five food groups (low DDS). The asylum seekers ate in average two meals per day and one-third ate their first meal after noon. Meals tend to consist of food that was familiar in their country of origin. Women had significantly higher DDS than men with a higher consumption of vegetables and fruits. Asylum seekers residing in Norway for a longer time had a higher dietary diversity, than asylum seekers with a shorter stay. Most asylum seekers told about a reduced dietary intake, few meals and by the end of the month, hunger. They chose the cheapest food, food on sale or food that had expired and chose quantity over quality. The kitchen facilities at the reception centers were inadequate with limited storage place, low quality of the cooking equipment and crowded kitchen. Conclusions The asylum seekers had a monotonous diet with few meals, in contrast to the food abundance that most Norwegian are accustomed to, revealing, the emergence of new groups and new forms of poverty and social exclusion also in rich countries with otherwise good welfare state systems. The situation appear particularly critical given Norway's commitment through the United Nations (UN) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to ensure human rights such as the right to adequate food and health. Funding Sources The study was funded by Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway.

The global nutrition transition: trends, disease burdens and policy interventions

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2267-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimante Ronto ◽  
Jason HY Wu ◽  
Gitanjali M Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Major Factors

AbstractNon-communicable diseases (NCD) have increased dramatically in developed and developing countries. Unhealthy diet is one of the major factors contributing to NCD development. Recent evidence has identified deterioration in aspects of dietary quality across many world regions, including low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Most burdens of disease attributable to poor diet can be prevented or delayed as they occur prematurely. Therefore, it is important to identify and target unhealthy dietary behaviours in order to have the greatest impact. National dietary-related programmes have traditionally focused on micronutrient deficiency and food security and failed to acknowledge unhealthy dietary intakes as a risk factor that contributes to the development of NCD. Inadequate intakes of healthy foods and nutrients and excess intakes of unhealthy ones are commonly observed across the world, and efforts to reduce the double burden of micronutrient deficiency and unhealthy diets should be a particular focus for LMIC. Interventions and policies targeting whole populations are likely to be the most effective and sustainable, and should be prioritized. Population-based approaches such as health information and communication campaigns, fiscal measures such as taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages, direct restrictions and mandates, reformulation and improving the nutrient profile of food products, and standards regulating marketing to children can have significant and large impacts to improve diets and reduce the incidence of NCD. There is a need for more countries to implement population-based effective approaches to improve current diets.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a community-based dietary intervention to enhance micronutrient adequacy of high-phytate maize-based diets of rural Malawian children

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 826-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Yeudall ◽  
Rosalind S Gibson ◽  
Timothy R Cullinan ◽  
Beatrice Mtimuni
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of a community-based dietary intervention to reduce risk of micronutrient inadequacies in high-phytate maize-based Malawian diets.DesignQuasi-experimental post-test design with a non-equivalent control group.SettingFour villages in Mangochi District, Southern Malawi.ParticipantsHouseholds with children aged 3–7 years in two intervention (n = 200) and two control (n = 81) villages participated in a 6-month intervention employing dietary diversification, changes in food selection patterns, and modifications to food processing to reduce the phytate content of maize-based diets. Baseline comparability between the groups was confirmed via assessment of sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometry, knowledge and practices, morbidity, haemoglobin and hair zinc. After 12 months, knowledge and practices and dietary intakes were assessed by interactive 24-hour recalls, one during the food plenty and a second during the food shortage season. Nutrient adequacy for the two groups was compared via dietary quality indicators and predicted prevalence of inadequate intakes using the probability approach.ResultsIntervention children had diets that were significantly more diverse and of a higher quality than those of controls. Median daily intakes of protein, calcium, zinc (total and available), haem iron, vitamin B12 and animal foods (grams; % of total energy) were higher (P<0.05) whereas phytate intakes, phytate/zinc and phytate/iron molar ratios were lower (P<0.01) in the intervention group; some spread of knowledge and practices to controls occurred.ConclusionsOur community-based dietary strategies reduced the predicted prevalence of inadequate intakes of protein, calcium, zinc and vitamin B12, but not iron, in children from Malawian households with very limited resources.

Development and evaluation of a stand-alone index for the assessment of small children’s diet quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1941-1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henna Röytiö ◽  
Johanna Jaakkola ◽  
Ulla Hoppu ◽  
Tuija Poussa ◽  
Kirsi Laitinen
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Multiple Item ◽  
Lower Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Key Questions

AbstractObjectiveTo construct and evaluate an independent Children’s Index of Diet Quality (CIDQ).DesignA food consumption questionnaire, which contained twenty-five multiple-item questions on eating and food intake, was formulated and evaluated against 7 d food records. Key questions that best reflected a healthy diet, defined in criteria set by the nutrient recommendations, were searched and validated by correlation and analyses of receiver-operating characteristic curves.SettingsA cohort of a young population of South-West Finland.SubjectsParticipants (n 400) were 2–6-year-old children.ResultsFifteen questions were identified to best depict the children’s diet quality in reference to the recommendations. These questions were scored, summarized and further constructed into a three-class index (good, moderate and poor dietary quality) where higher scores depicted better diet quality. The CIDQ cut-off score of 14 points for good dietary quality had a sensitivity of 0·59 and a specificity of 0·82 and the cut-off score of 10 points, for at least moderate dietary quality, had a sensitivity of 0·77 and a specificity of 0·69. Higher index scores were related to higher dietary intakes of several vitamins, lower dietary intakes of SFA and cholesterol, and further with lower serum cholesterol and higher serum vitamin C concentrations.ConclusionsThe three-class food index was found to represent diet quality as defined in recommendations and evaluated against nutrient intakes from food diaries and biochemical markers. This self-standing index could provide an effective and low-burden method to obtain information about diet quality and guide future recommendations.

scholarly journals Participation in communal day care centre feeding programs is associated with higher diet quantity but not quality among rural Ghanaian children

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (49) ◽  
pp. 5802-5821
Author(s):  
KB Harding ◽  
◽  
GS Marquis ◽  
EK Colecraft ◽  
A Lartey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Day Care ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Day Care Centres ◽  
Daily Intakes

Communal School Feeding Programs (SFP) are based on local foods brought by children from home which are cooked and shared at school. These programs may be a sustainable food-based strategy for improving children’s diets in low-resource areas. The objective of this study was to compare the dietary intakes of children who attend Day Care Centres (DCC) with communal SFP to children who do not attend any DCC or school in rural Ghana. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect dietary and other household information for 104 DCC and 89 non-DCC children aged two to five years living in two communities. In addition, the DCC lunches (ingredients and servings of each food preparation) were weighed. The Day Care Centres’ lunch was higher in energy (by 64 kcal; p<0.001), but lower in calcium (by 18 mg; p=0.002), iron (by 1.3 mg; p<0.001) and zinc (by 0.2 mg; p=0.046) than the non-DCC lunch. DCC children ate more times in a day (4.2 ± 0.8 vs. 3.4 ± 0.6, p<0.001), had greater dietary diversity (7.2 ± 0.6 vs. 6.7 ± 1.0 food groups, p<0.001) and had higher daily intakes of energy (1140 ± 320 vs. 878 ± 240 kcal; p<0.001), calcium (282 ± 139 vs. 244 ± 118 mg; p=0.048), iron (12.4 ± 6.4 vs. 10.7 ± 4.7 mg; p=0.048) and zinc (0.40 ± 0.15 vs. 0.35 ± 0.11 mg; p=0.019) than non-DCC children. However, after controlling for total energy intake and other dietary, health and sociodemographic variables, daily iron and zinc intakes were lower in the DCC compared to the non-DCC group. Participation in the communal SFP was associated with higher quantity but not quality of children’s diets. Communal SFP offer an opportunity to address specific population’s micronutrient needs, using interventions to improve dietary quality such as point-of-use fortification, commercially fortified foods, or processed animal source food products.

scholarly journals Theoretical Food and Nutrient Composition of Whole-Food Plant-Based and Vegan Diets Compared to Current Dietary Recommendations

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micaela Karlsen ◽  
Gail Rogers ◽  
Akari Miki ◽  
Alice Lichtenstein ◽  
Sara Folta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Dietary Recommendations

Public interest in popular diets is increasing, in particular whole-food plant-based (WFPB) and vegan diets. Whether these diets, as theoretically implemented, meet current food-based and nutrient-based recommendations has not been evaluated in detail. Self-identified WFPB and vegan diet followers in the Adhering to Dietary Approaches for Personal Taste (ADAPT) Feasibility Survey reported their most frequently used sources of information on nutrition and cooking. Thirty representative days of meal plans were created for each diet. Weighted mean food group and nutrient levels were calculated using the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) and data were compared to DRIs and/or USDA Dietary Guidelines/MyPlate meal plan recommendations. The calculated HEI-2015 scores were 88 out of 100 for both WFPB and vegan meal plans. Because of similar nutrient composition, only WFPB results are presented. In comparison to MyPlate, WFPB meal plans provide more total vegetables (180%), green leafy vegetables (238%), legumes (460%), whole fruit (100%), whole grains (132%), and less refined grains (−74%). Fiber level exceeds the adequate intakes (AI) across all age groups. WFPB meal plans failed to meet the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)s for vitamin B12 and D without supplementation, as well as the RDA for calcium for women aged 51–70. Individuals who adhere to WFBP meal plans would have higher overall dietary quality as defined by the HEI-2015 score as compared to typical US intakes with the exceptions of calcium for older women and vitamins B12 and D without supplementation. Future research should compare actual self-reported dietary intakes to theoretical targets.

scholarly journals Diet quality among Iranian adolescents needs improvement

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Fahime Akbari ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Mean Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Systematic Cluster

AbstractObjectiveDiet in adolescence is important not only because of adolescents’ rapid growth but also due to its influence on future chronic diseases. On the other hand, dietary quality indices are noteworthy and useful approaches to evaluate dietary intakes. Thus the present study was conducted to assess dietary quality indices in adolescents.DesignCross-sectional.SettingsThe data were collected from schools in Isfahan, Iran.SubjectsFemale students (n 265) aged 11–13 years were enrolled using systematic cluster-random sampling in Isfahan (Iran). Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated FFQ. Diet quality indices including dietary diversity score (DDS), the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) across ten nutrients were calculated.ResultsMean DDS, HEI score and MAR were 6·15 (sd 1·61) out of 10 points, 63·90 (sd 19·86) out of 100 points and 1·32 (sd 0·61), respectively. Mean nutrient adequacy ratio of all nutrients was above 1 except for vitamin D (0·53 (sd 0·51)). Those in the highest tertile of DDS had the most favourable anthropometric variables in comparison to the lowest tertile. There were no significant associations between HEI score and BMI, central or abdominal obesity and blood pressure. Those in the highest tertile of MAR had higher BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference.ConclusionsDiet quality of Isfahani adolescents needs improvement. It may imply the necessity of implementing nutritional instructive policies in this age group and their parents.

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